Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 250 in total

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  1. Fulltext Preparation, Characterization, and Radiolabeling of [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-Pamidronic Acid: A Potential PET Bone Imaging Agent
    Ashhar Z, Yusof NA, Ahmad Saad FF, Mohd Nor SM, Mohammad F, Bahrin Wan Kamal WH, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Jun 09;25(11).
    PMID: 32526838 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112668
    Early diagnosis of bone metastases is crucial to prevent skeletal-related events, and for that, the non-invasive techniques to diagnose bone metastases that make use of image-guided radiopharmaceuticals are being employed as an alternative to traditional biopsies. Hence, in the present work, we tested the efficacy of a gallium-68 (68Ga)-based compound as a radiopharmaceutical agent towards the bone imaging in positron emitting tomography (PET). For that, we prepared, thoroughly characterized, and radiolabeled [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-pamidronic acid radiopharmaceutical, a 68Ga precursor for PET bone cancer imaging applications. The preparation of NODAGA-pamidronic acid was performed via the N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester strategy and was characterized using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MSn). The unreacted NODAGA chelator was separated using the ion-suppression reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method, and the freeze-dried NODAGA-pamidronic acid was radiolabeled with 68Ga. The radiolabeling condition was found to be most optimum at a pH ranging from 4 to 4.5 and a temperature of above 60 °C. From previous work, we found that the pamidronic acid itself has a good bone binding affinity. Moreover, from the analysis of the results, the ionic structure of radiolabeled [68Ga]Ga-NODAGA-pamidronic acid has the ability to improve the blood clearance and may exert good renal excretion, enhance the bone-to-background ratio, and consequently the final image quality. This was reflected by both the in vitro bone binding assay and in vivo animal biodistribution presented in this research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism*
  2. Fulltext Potential medicinal benefits of Cosmos caudatus (Ulam Raja): A scoping review
    Cheng SH, Barakatun-Nisak MY, Anthony J, Ismail A
    J Res Med Sci, 2015 Oct;20(10):1000-6.
    PMID: 26929767 DOI: 10.4103/1735-1995.172796
    Cosmos caudatus is widely used as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. C. caudatus has been reported as a rich source of bioactive compounds such as ascorbic acid, quercetin, and chlorogenic acid. Studies have shown that C. caudatus exhibits high anti-oxidant capacity and various medicinal properties, including anti-diabetic activity, anti-hypertensive properties, anti-inflammatory responses, bone-protective effect, and anti-microbial activity. This review aims to present the potential medicinal benefits of C. caudatus from the available scientific literature. We searched PubMed and ScienceDirect database for articles published from 1995 to January 2015. Overall, 15 articles related to C. caudatus and its medicinal benefits are reviewed. All these studies demonstrated that C. caudatus is effective, having demonstrated its anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, anti-inflammatory, bone-protective, anti-microbial, and anti-fungal activity in both in vitro and animal studies. None of the studies showed any negative effect of C. caudatus related to medicinal use. Currently available evidence suggests that C. caudatus has beneficial effects such as reducing blood glucose, reducing blood pressure, promoting healthy bone formation, and demonstrating anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. However, human clinical trial is warranted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  3. Fulltext Potential mechanisms linking psychological stress to bone health
    Ng JS, Chin KY
    Int J Med Sci, 2021;18(3):604-614.
    PMID: 33437195 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.50680
    Chronic psychological stress affects many body systems, including the skeleton, through various mechanisms. This review aims to provide an overview of the factors mediating the relationship between psychological stress and bone health. These factors can be divided into physiological and behavioural changes induced by psychological stress. The physiological factors involve endocrinological changes, such as increased glucocorticoids, prolactin, leptin and parathyroid hormone levels and reduced gonadal hormones. Low-grade inflammation and hyperactivation of the sympathetic nervous system during psychological stress are also physiological changes detrimental to bone health. The behavioural changes during mental stress, such as altered dietary pattern, cigarette smoking, alcoholism and physical inactivity, also threaten the skeletal system. Psychological stress may be partly responsible for epigenetic regulation of skeletal development. It may also mediate the relationship between socioeconomic status and bone health. However, more direct evidence is required to prove these hypotheses. In conclusion, chronic psychological stress should be recognised as a risk factor of osteoporosis and stress-coping methods should be incorporated as part of the comprehensive osteoporosis-preventing strategy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism
  4. Fulltext Posterior mediastinal abscess secondary to esophageal perforation following fish bone ingestion
    Ahmad R, Ishlah W, Shaharudin MH, Sathananthar KS, Norie A
    Med J Malaysia, 2008 Jun;63(2):162-3.
    PMID: 18942310 MyJurnal
    Accidental swallowing of fish bone, which arrested in esophagus, is fairly common. However the incidence of esophageal perforation due to fish bone swallowing is low. Delayed posterior mediastinal abscess as a result of the esophageal perforation is a rare manifestation and may lead to fatal outcome. Two cases of delayed formation of posterior mediastinal abscess following esophageal perforation due to accidental fish bone ingestion are described here. In these cases patients presented with interscapular back pain. In one of the cases the patient died because of the presentation was misdiagnosed hence leading to delay in the intervention. Radiological findings and surgical management namely esophagoscopy and neck exploration are briefly described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  5. Fulltext Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffolds Facilitates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in a Co-Culture System
    Rozila I, Azari P, Munirah S, Safwani WKZW, Pingguan-Murphy B, Chua KH
    Polymers (Basel), 2021 Feb 17;13(4).
    PMID: 33671175 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040597
    (1) Background: Stem cells in combination with scaffolds and bioactive molecules have made significant contributions to the regeneration of damaged bone tissues. A co-culture system can be effective in enhancing the proliferation rate and osteogenic differentiation of the stem cells. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose derived stem cells when co-cultured with human osteoblasts and seeded on polycaprolactone (PCL):hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold; (2) Methods: Human adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) and human osteoblasts (HOB) were seeded in three different ratios of 1:2, 1:2 and 2:1 in the PCL-HA scaffolds. The osteogenic differentiation ability was evaluated based on cell morphology, proliferation rate, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium deposition and osteogenic genes expression levels using quantitative RT-PCR; (3) Results: The co-cultured of ASC/HOB in ratio 2:1 seeded on the PCL-HA scaffolds showed the most positive osteogenic differentiation as compared to other groups, which resulted in higher ALP activity, calcium deposition and osteogenic genes expression, particularly Runx, ALP and BSP. These genes indicate that the co-cultured ASC/HOB seeded on PCL-HA was at the early stage of osteogenic development; (4) Conclusions: The combination of co-culture system (ASC/HOB) and PCL-HA scaffolds promote osteogenic differentiation and early bone formation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  6. Piper sarmentosum Effects on 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Enzyme in Serum and Bone in Rat Model of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
    Mohamad Asri SF, Mohd Ramli ES, Soelaiman IN, Mat Noh MA, Abdul Rashid AH, Suhaimi F
    Molecules, 2016 Nov 15;21(11).
    PMID: 27854305
    Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is one of the common causes of secondary osteoporosis. Piper sarmentosum (Ps) extract possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we determined the correlation between the effects of Ps leaf water extract with the regulation of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) type 1 enzyme activity in serum and bone of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporotic rats. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were grouped into following: G1: sham-operated group administered with intramuscular vehicle olive oil and vehicle normal saline orally; G2: adrenalectomized (adrx) control group given intramuscular dexamethasone (120 μg/kg/day) and vehicle normal saline orally; G3: adrx group given intramuscular dexamethasone (120 μg/kg/day) and water extract of Piper sarmentosum (125 mg/kg/day) orally. After two months, the femur and serum were taken for ELISA analysis. Results showed that Ps leaf water extract significantly reduced the femur corticosterone concentration (p < 0.05). This suggests that Ps leaf water extract was able to prevent bone loss due to long-term glucocorticoid therapy by acting locally on the bone cells by increasing the dehydrogenase action of 11β-HSD type 1. Thus, Ps may have the potential to be used as an alternative medicine against osteoporosis and osteoporotic fracture in patients on long-term glucocorticoid treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/drug effects*; Bone and Bones/metabolism*
  7. Phytoandrogenic properties of Eurycoma longifolia as natural alternative to testosterone replacement therapy
    George A, Henkel R
    Andrologia, 2014 Sep;46(7):708-21.
    PMID: 24386995 DOI: 10.1111/and.12214
    The testosterone deficiency syndrome (TDS) is characterised by numerous symptoms, including low libido, increased fat mass, fatigue, erectile dysfunction or osteoporosis, and up to 80% of men will experience some kind of ageing males' symptoms. This is caused by the age-depending decline in serum testosterone levels with concentrations being about 40-50% lower in men older than 60 years compared with young men. This significant decline in testosterone levels is further closely linked with medical conditions such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes or hypertension. The conventional way of treating TDS is the testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), for which preparations are on the market. Apart from the beneficial effects of TRT, significant adverse side effects have been described, and prostate cancer (PCa) as absolute contraindication is debated. Eurycoma longifolia (Tongkat Ali; TA) is natural alternative to TRT and has been shown to restore serum testosterone levels, thus significantly improving sexual health. This includes significant positive effects on bone health and physical condition of patients. In addition, a significant antihyperglycaemic effect and cytotoxicity against PCas cells has been shown. Thus far, at therapeutic concentrations, no significant side effects of the treatment were obvious. Therefore, TA might be a safe alternative to TRT.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/drug effects
  8. Physico-Mechanical Properties of HA/TCP Pellets and Their Three-Dimensional Biological Evaluation In Vitro
    Kamalaldin N', Jaafar M, Zubairi SI, Yahaya BH
    Adv Exp Med Biol, 2019;1084:1-15.
    PMID: 29299875 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_130
    The use of bioceramics, especially the combination of hydroxyapatite (HA) and β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), as a three-dimensional scaffold in bone engineering is essential because together these elements constitute 60% of the bone content. Different ratios of HA and β-TCP were previously tested for their ability to produce suitable bioceramic scaffolds, which must be able to withstand high mechanical load. In this study, two ratios of HA/TCP (20:80 and 70:30) were used to create pellets, which then were evaluated in vitro to identify any adverse effects of using the material in bone grafting. Diametral tensile strength (DTS) and density testing was conducted to assess the mechanical strength and porosity of the pellets. The pellets then were tested for their toxicity to normal human fibroblast cells. In the toxicity assay, cells were incubated with the pellets for 3 days. At the end of the experiment, cell morphological changes were assessed, and the absorbance was read using PrestoBlue Cell Viability Reagent™. An inversely proportional relationship between DTS and porosity percentage was detected. Fibroblasts showed normal cell morphology in both treatments, which suggests that the HA/TCP pellets were not toxic. In the osteoblast cell attachment assay, cells were able to attach to the surface of both ratios, but cells were also able to penetrate inside the scaffold of the 70:30 pellets. This finding suggests that the 70:30 ratio had better osteoconduction properties than the 20:80 ratio.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  9. Perforation of oesophagus and aorta by an unusual migratory fish bone: case report
    Alam AM, Shuaib IL, Hock LC, Bah EJ
    Nepal Med Coll J, 2005 Dec;7(2):150-1.
    PMID: 16519087
    This report describes a migratory fish bone which was not found during 1st surgery causing perforation to the superior part of the arch of aorta. The patient presented with feeling of something stucked in her throat after eating fish subsequently followed by progressive excruciating pain in the neck. During 2nd surgery the fish bone was found to have migrated from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of the arch of aorta after piercing the aortic lumen. We report a case of migratory fish bone which was not found during 1st surgery. The clinical examination of the throat revealed no foreign body. The CT scan of the neck and upper thorax demonstrated a 1cm linear foreign body part of which had perforated into the superior part of the arch of aorta with mediastinal hematoma. The most likely cause was a fish bone. The patient's condition slowly deteriorated, median sternotomy and exploration of mediastinum then followed. Unfortunately no fish bone was found and only mediastinal hematoma was discovered. After the first operation the patient condition did not improve and repeat CT scan of the neck and upper thorax was done 3 days later. A similar foreign body has now moved from the superior aspect of the arch of aorta to the anterolateral aspect of arch of aorta. Exploration was done again and this time the fish bone was found.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones*
  10. Fulltext Pattern of bone disease in maintenance haemodialysis patients in Malaysia
    Segasothy M, Kamal A, Suleiman AB
    Med J Malaysia, 1986 Jun;41(2):144-51.
    PMID: 3821610
    Skeletal radiographs of 122 patients treated by maintenance haemodialysis were reviewed retrospectively for bone disease. Significant radiological bone changes were very low at commencement of dialysis (2- 9%), as well as at six months of dialysis (6.1%). This figure rose to 19.7% when the total period of dialysis was considered. In the latter group, fractures occurred in seven patients (5.7%), erosions in 12 patients (9.8%), vascular calcification in 13 patients (10.7%) and osteosclerosis in eight patients (6.6%). Osteoporosis was noted to be very common (76.2%). Significant bone changes are hence rare in maintenance haemodialysis patients in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/radiography
  11. Fulltext Palm vitamin eprotects bone against dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis in male rats
    Ima Nirwana S, Fakhrurazi H
    Med J Malaysia, 2002 Jun;57(2):136-44.
    PMID: 24326643
    The aim of this study was to determine the effects of palm oil-derived vitamin E on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Three-month old male Wistar rats were adrenalectomised to remove circulating glucocorticoids. The animals were then administered with Dexamethasone 120 µg/kg body weight/day. Treatment with palm vitamin E 60 mg/kg body weight/day was given simultaneously. The results showed that palm vitamin E prevented the loss in regional and whole body bone mineral density seen in the Dexamethasone treated animals. Palm vitamin E improved femoral length and calcium content in the Dexamethasone treated animals. The results confirmed that palm oil-derived vitamin E was effective in preventing glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/drug effects
  12. Palm vitamin E is comparable to alpha-tocopherol in maintaining bone mineral density in ovariectomised female rats
    Norazlina M, Ima-Nirwana S, Gapor MT, Khalid BA
    Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes, 2000;108(4):305-10.
    PMID: 10961363
    Vitamin E has been shown to affect bone metabolism. In this study we determined the effects of palm vitamin E and alpha-tocopherol on bone metabolism. Sprague-Dawley female rats fed with normal rat chow were divided into 4 groups and supplemented with either palm vitamin E 30 mg/kg rat weight, palm vitamin E 60 mg/kg rat weight or alpha-tocopherol 30 mg/kg rat weight. One group was not supplemented. Half of these rats were ovariectomised before supplementation was given for 10 months. As expected, bone mineral density of the ovariectomised rats fed on normal rat chow diet was lower compared to the intact rats. However, these changes were not seen in the supplemented group of rats. Both intact and ovariectomised rats supplemented with palm vitamin E 30 mg/kg rat weight had a lower bone calcium content in both femoral and vertebral bones whilst rats fed palm vitamin E 60 mg/kg rat weight or alpha-tocopherol 30 mg/kg rat weight were able to maintain bone calcium content. Alkaline phosphatase activity was elevated in ovariectomised rats supplemented with palm vitamin E 30 mg/kg rat weight and alpha-tocopherol 30 mg/kg rat weight compared to the intact rats. Alpha-tocopherol also reduced the activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase post-ovariectomy. These findings indicate that both palm vitamin E and alpha-tocopherol maintained bone mineral density in ovariectomised rats but caused conflicting effects on bone calcium content. Further study is needed in order to determine the mechanisms involved.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/enzymology
  13. Fulltext Palm tocotrienol exerted better antioxidant activities in bone than alpha-tocopherol
    Maniam S, Mohamed N, Shuid AN, Soelaiman IN
    Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol, 2008 Jul;103(1):55-60.
    PMID: 18598299 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00241.x
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on the levels of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat bones. Fifty-six normal male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 3 months, were randomly divided into seven groups with eight rats in each group. The age-matched control group was given the vehicle olive oil, by oral gavage daily. Six of the treatment groups received either palm tocotrienol or pure alpha-tocopherol at the dose of 30, 60 or 100 mg/kg body weight, by oral gavage daily, 6 days a week for 4 months. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) that is an index to measure the level of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were measured in the femur at the end of the study. Palm tocotrienol at the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight significantly reduced the TBARS level in the femur with a significant increase in glutathione peroxidase activity compared to the age-matched control group. These were not observed in the alpha-tocopherol groups. Palm tocotrienol was more effective than pure alpha-tocopherol acetate in suppressing lipid peroxidation in bone. Palm tocotrienol showed better protective effect against free radical damage in the femur compared to alpha-tocopherol. This study suggests that palm tocotrienol plays an important role in preventing imbalance in bone metabolism due to free radicals.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/drug effects*; Bone and Bones/metabolism
  14. Fulltext Paget's disease with craniofacial and skeletal bone involvement
    Rai NP, Anekar J, Mustafa SM, Devang Divakar D
    BMJ Case Rep, 2016 Sep 01;2016.
    PMID: 27587747 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2016-216173
    Paget's disease is a metabolic disorder of bone caused due to defect in the remodelling process and is very common in western countries but is very rare in Asians and Africans. It was first described by a British scientist Sir James Paget in 1877. It can be monostotic or polyostotic depending on the number of bones involved. It most commonly affects older people of more than 50 years. Disease involvement can be symptomatic or asymptomatic depending on the extent of the disease process. Diagnosis of Paget's disease can be made by raised serum alkaline phosphatase levels, radiological examination and by radioisotope bone scans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/pathology*
  15. Oxygen-Releasing Scaffolds for Accelerated Bone Regeneration
    Touri M, Moztarzadeh F, Abu Osman NA, Dehghan MM, Brouki Milan P, Farzad-Mohajeri S, et al.
    ACS Biomater Sci Eng, 2020 05 11;6(5):2985-2994.
    PMID: 33463293 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01789
    Hypoxia, the result of disrupted vasculature, can be categorized in the main limiting factors for fracture healing. A lack of oxygen can cause cell apoptosis, tissue necrosis, and late tissue healing. Remedying hypoxia by supplying additional oxygen will majorly accelerate bone healing. In this study, biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) scaffolds were fabricated by robocasting, an additive manufacturing technique. Then, calcium peroxide (CPO) particles, as an oxygen-releasing agent, were coated on the BCP scaffolds. Segmental radial defects with the size of 15 mm were created in rabbits. Uncoated and CPO-coated BCP scaffolds were implanted in the defects. The empty (control) group received no implantation. Repairing of the bone was investigated via X-ray, histological analysis, and biomechanical tests at 3 and 6 months postoperatively, with immunohistochemical examinations at 6 months after operation. According to the radiological observations, formation of new bone was augmented at the interface between the implant and host bone and internal pores of CPO-coated BCP scaffolds compared to uncoated scaffolds. Histomorphometry analysis represented that the amount of newly formed bone in the CPO-coated scaffold was nearly two times higher than the uncoated one. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that osteogenic markers, osteonectin and octeocalcin, were overexpressed in the defects treated with the coated scaffolds at 6 months of postsurgery, demonstrating higher osteogenic differentiation and bone mineralization compared to the uncoated scaffold group. Furthermore, the coated scaffolds had superior biomechanical properties as in the case of 3 months after surgery, the maximal flexural force of the coated scaffolds reached to 134 N, while it was 92 N for uncoated scaffolds. The results could assure a boosted ability of bone repair for CPO-coated BCP scaffolds implanted in the segmental defect of rabbit radius because of oxygen-releasing coating, and this system of oxygen-generating coating/scaffold might be a potential for accelerated repairing of bone defects.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  16. Fulltext Osteoimmunology: Major and Costimulatory Pathway Expression Associated with Chronic Inflammatory Induced Bone Loss
    Crotti TN, Dharmapatni AA, Alias E, Haynes DR
    J Immunol Res, 2015;2015:281287.
    PMID: 26064999 DOI: 10.1155/2015/281287
    The field of osteoimmunology has emerged in response to the range of evidences demonstrating the close interrelationship between the immune system and bone metabolism. This is pertinent to immune-mediated diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and periodontal disease, where there are chronic inflammation and local bone erosion. Periprosthetic osteolysis is another example of chronic inflammation with associated osteolysis. This may also involve immune mediation when occurring in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Similarities in the regulation and mechanisms of bone loss are likely to be related to the inflammatory cytokines expressed in these diseases. This review highlights the role of immune-related factors influencing bone loss particularly in diseases of chronic inflammation where there is associated localized bone loss. The importance of the balance of the RANKL-RANK-OPG axis is discussed as well as the more recently appreciated role that receptors and adaptor proteins involved in the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM) signaling pathway play. Although animal models are briefly discussed, the focus of this review is on the expression of ITAM associated molecules in relation to inflammation induced localized bone loss in RA, chronic periodontitis, and periprosthetic osteolysis, with an emphasis on the soluble and membrane bound factor osteoclast-associated receptor (OSCAR).
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/metabolism*
  17. Osteoblasts infill irregular pores under curvature and porosity controls: a hypothesis-testing analysis of cell behaviours
    Alias MA, Buenzli PR
    Biomech Model Mechanobiol, 2018 Oct;17(5):1357-1371.
    PMID: 29846824 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-018-1031-x
    The geometric control of bone tissue growth plays a significant role in bone remodelling, age-related bone loss, and tissue engineering. However, how exactly geometry influences the behaviour of bone-forming cells remains elusive. Geometry modulates cell populations collectively through the evolving space available to the cells, but it may also modulate the individual behaviours of cells. To factor out the collective influence of geometry and gain access to the geometric regulation of individual cell behaviours, we develop a mathematical model of the infilling of cortical bone pores and use it with available experimental data on cortical infilling rates. Testing different possible modes of geometric controls of individual cell behaviours consistent with the experimental data, we find that efficient smoothing of irregular pores only occurs when cell secretory rate is controlled by porosity rather than curvature. This porosity control suggests the convergence of a large scale of intercellular signalling to single bone-forming cells, consistent with that provided by the osteocyte network in response to mechanical stimulus. After validating the mathematical model with the histological record of a real cortical pore infilling, we explore the infilling of a population of randomly generated initial pore shapes. We find that amongst all the geometric regulations considered, the collective influence of curvature on cell crowding is a dominant factor for how fast cortical bone pores infill, and we suggest that the irregularity of cement lines thereby explains some of the variability in double labelling data as well as the overall speed of osteon infilling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  18. Fulltext Osteoblasts growth behaviour on bio-based calcium carbonate aragonite nanocrystal
    Shafiu Kamba A, Zakaria ZA
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:215097.
    PMID: 24734228 DOI: 10.1155/2014/215097
    Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanocrystals derived from cockle shells emerge to present a good concert in bone tissue engineering because of their potential to mimic the composition, structure, and properties of native bone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological response of CaCO3 nanocrystals on hFOB 1.19 and MC3T3 E-1 osteoblast cells in vitro. Cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT and BrdU assays, and LDH was measured to determine the effect of CaCO3 nanocrystals on cell membrane integrity. Cellular morphology was examined by SEM and fluorescence microscopy. The results showed that CaCO3 nanocrystals had no toxic effects to some extent. Cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, and protein synthesis were enhanced by the nanocrystals when compared to the control. Cellular interactions were improved, as indicated by SEM and fluorescent microscopy. The production of VEGF and TGF-1 was also affected by the CaCO3 nanocrystals. Therefore, bio-based CaCO3 nanocrystals were shown to stimulate osteoblast differentiation and improve the osteointegration process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/chemistry
  19. Fulltext Osseointegration: an update
    Parithimarkalaignan S, Padmanabhan TV
    J Indian Prosthodont Soc, 2013 Mar;13(1):2-6.
    PMID: 24431699 DOI: 10.1007/s13191-013-0252-z
    Osseointegration, defined as a direct structural and functional connection between ordered, living bone and the surface of a load-carrying implant, is critical for implant stability, and is considered a prerequisite for implant loading and long-term clinical success of end osseous dental implants. The implant-tissue interface is an extremely dynamic region of interaction. This complex interaction involves not only biomaterial and biocompatibility issues but also alteration of mechanical environment. The processes of osseointegration involve an initial interlocking between alveolar bone and the implant body, and later, biological fixation through continuous bone apposition and remodeling toward the implant. The process itself is quite complex and there are many factors that influence the formation and maintenance of bone at the implant surface. The aim of this present review is to analysis the current understanding of clinical assessments and factors that determine the success & failure of osseointegrated dental implants.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones
  20. Orthosiphon stamineus (Misai Kucing) ameliorated postmenopausal osteoporosis in rat model
    Bokhari RA, Lau SF, Mohamed S
    Menopause, 2018 02;25(2):202-210.
    PMID: 28926512 DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000980
    OBJECTIVE: Orthosiphon stamineus (OS) or Misai Kucing (Java tea) is a popular herbal supplement from Southeast Asia for various metabolic, age-related diseases. This study investigated the potential use of OS leaf extracts to ameliorate osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.

    METHODS: Fifty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly allocated into eight groups (n = 7): SHAM (healthy sham control); OVX (ovarietomized) nontreated rats (negative control); OVX + Remifemin (100 mg/kg body weight), and 2% green tea extract (positive controls); OVX + OS 50% ethanolic and aqueous extracts, both at either 150 or 300 mg/kg. After 16 weeks, the rats' bones and blood were evaluated for osteoporosis indicators (protein and mRNA expressions), micro-computed tomography for bone histomorphometry, and three-point bending test for tibia mechanical strength.

    RESULTS: The extracts dose-dependently and significantly (P bone strength and flexibility, bone mineral density, bone formation protein markers (P1NP), and bone histomorphometry. All extracts reduced the inflammation biomarker (interleukin-6). The extracts up-regulated osteoblastogenesis (bone morphogenetic protein-2) and collagen-1 synthesis (collagen type 1 alpha-1) mRNA expressions, and down-regulated bone resorption (TNFSF11 and nuclear factor-kappa B) mRNA expressions. Both the water and 50% ethanolic extract were effective. The effective dose is equivalent to 25 to 50 mg/kg extract for humans.

    CONCLUSIONS: The extract showed bone-protective and antiosteoporotic effects (improving bone strength, flexibility, bone density, and bone morphometry) by reducing inflammation and the bone resorption biomarkers, while enhancing bone formation biomarkers and collagen synthesis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/physiopathology
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