Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 811 in total

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  1. Enzyme activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-deficient Malaysian neonates during the first 10 days of life
    Boo NY, Ainoon O, Arif ZA, Cheong SK, Haliza MS
    J Paediatr Child Health, 1995 Feb;31(1):44-6.
    PMID: 7748690
    OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the degree of severity of enzyme deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-deficient Malaysian neonates as part of an effort to identify risk factors associated with severe hyperbilirubinaemia in G6PD-deficient infants.

    METHODOLOGY: During this study, enzyme activity was measured in 53/59 (89.8%) hospital-diagnosed G6PD-deficient neonates (34 Malays, 12 Chinese, and seven other ethnic groups) born consecutively in the Kuala Lumpur Maternity Hospital. All neonates, except one, were males.

    RESULTS: The mean level of enzyme activity of the 52 males G6PD-deficient neonates (0.47 iu/g Hb, 95% confidence intervals: 0.37, 0.57) was less than 10% of that of normal Malaysian male neonates. The enzyme activity of the only female G6PD-deficient infant, at 1.11 iu/g Hb, was 12.5% of the mean G6PD enzyme activity of normal females.

    CONCLUSION: Our results showed that G6PD deficiency in Malaysian neonates predominantly affects males and is usually severe.

    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  2. Fulltext The prevalence of obesity among clinical students in a Malaysian medical school
    Boo NY, Chia GJ, Wong LC, Chew RM, Chong W, Loo RC
    Singapore Med J, 2010 Feb;51(2):126-32.
    PMID: 20358151
    INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of obesity among medical students and its relationship with their dietary intake and physical activities.
    METHODS:This observational study was carried out on 240 medical students during the clinical phase of their medical course in a private medical school. Their body weight and height were measured, and a standardised questionnaire was used to collect information on their physical activities and dietary intake.
    RESULTS: The median body weight of the participants was 59.0 kg (interquartile range: 51.3-66.8), the mean body height was 166.1 cm (standard deviation [SD] 8.5 cm), and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 21.8 kg/m2 (SD 3.4 kg/m2). Based on the World Health Organization BMI cut-offs for the Asian population, 30.1 percent (n is equal to 72) of the students were overweight or obese, with a BMI that was equal to or greater than 23.0 kg/m2. Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for various potential confounders, the only significant risk factors associated with overweight/obesity among these students were: male gender (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.1; 95 percent confidence intervals [CI] of 1.1 and 4.1; p is equal to 0.03), Malay ethnic group (adjusted OR 2.4; 95 percent CI 1.0 and 5.7; p is equal to 0.04), Indian ethnic group (adjusted OR 3.6; 95 percent CI 1.5 and 8.9; p is equal to 0.005), and the number of soft drinks consumed per week (adjusted OR 1.3; 95 percent CI 1.0 and 1.5; p is equal to 0.02). Skipping breakfast, the frequency of physical exercise per week, the number of hours of sleep per day, and eating noodles or roti canai (a type of Malaysian pancake) for breakfast were not significant risk factors.
    CONCLUSION: Obesity remains a common problem among medical students in their clinical years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  3. Leukaemia and lymphoma in Malaysia
    Bosco J, Cherian R, Lin HP, Pang T
    Leuk. Res., 1985;9(6):789-91.
    PMID: 3874337
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  4. Serum proteins, haematocrits, heights and weights of Aborigine subjects in West Malaysia
    Brearley A
    Med J Malaya, 1970 Mar;24(3):183-6.
    PMID: 4246797
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  5. Fulltext 5α-Reduced neurosteroids sex-dependently reverse central prenatal programming of neuroendocrine stress responses in rats
    Brunton PJ, Donadio MV, Yao ST, Greenwood M, Seckl JR, Murphy D, et al.
    J Neurosci, 2015 Jan 14;35(2):666-77.
    PMID: 25589761 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5104-13.2015
    Maternal social stress during late pregnancy programs hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyper-responsiveness to stressors, such that adult prenatally stressed (PNS) offspring display exaggerated HPA axis responses to a physical stressor (systemic interleukin-1β; IL-1β) in adulthood, compared with controls. IL-1β acts via a noradrenergic relay from the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) to corticotropin releasing hormone neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Neurosteroids can reduce HPA axis responses, so allopregnanolone and 3β-androstanediol (3β-diol; 5α-reduced metabolites of progesterone and testosterone, respectively) were given subacutely (over 24 h) to PNS rats to seek reversal of the "programmed" hyper-responsive HPA phenotype. Allopregnanolone attenuated ACTH responses to IL-1β (500 ng/kg, i.v.) in PNS females, but not in PNS males. However, 3β-diol normalized HPA axis responses to IL-1β in PNS males. Impaired testosterone and progesterone metabolism or increased secretion in PNS rats was indicated by greater plasma testosterone and progesterone concentrations in male and female PNS rats, respectively. Deficits in central neurosteroid production were indicated by reduced 5α-reductase mRNA levels in both male and female PNS offspring in the NTS, and in the PVN in males. In PNS females, adenovirus-mediated gene transfer was used to upregulate expression of 5α-reductase and 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase mRNAs in the NTS, and this normalized hyperactive HPA axis responses to IL-1β. Thus, downregulation of neurosteroid production in the brain may underlie HPA axis hyper-responsiveness in prenatally programmed offspring, and administration of 5α-reduced steroids acutely to PNS rats overrides programming of hyperactive HPA axis responses to immune challenge in a sex-dependent manner.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  6. Fulltext Characteristics of first schizophrenic admissions to the general hospital Kuala Lumpur
    Buhrich N, Haq S
    Med J Malaysia, 1980 Mar;34(3):269-72.
    PMID: 7412666
    Previous studies in Malaysia and in Singapore report a higher schizophrenic admission rate for males than for females and this is in contrast to findings in Western societies. Characteristics by age, sex and race of 5% and 619 first schizophrenic admissions during 1977 and 1978 respectively to the Psychiatric Department, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur were examined. It was found that the male to female sex ratio for Malay schizophrenic admissions was significantly higher than male to female sex ratio for Malays to other departments of the hospital. A similar trend for the Chinese did not reach significance. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  7. Fulltext Final Height and Associated Factors in Perinatally HIV-infected Asian Adolescents
    Bunupuradah T, Kariminia A, Aurpibul L, Chokephaibulkit K, Hansudewechakul R, Lumbiganon P, et al.
    Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2016 Feb;35(2):201-4.
    PMID: 26484429 DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000000961
    We analyzed final height of 273 perinatally HIV-infected Asian adolescents older than 18 years at their last clinic visit. By the World Health Organization child growth reference, 30% were stunted, but by the Thai child growth reference, 19% were stunted. Half of those who were stunted at antiretroviral therapy initiation remained stunted over time. Being male and having a low baseline height-for-age Z score of less than -1.0 were associated with low final height Z score.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  8. Normal motor nerve conduction studies using surface electrode recording from the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoid, and biceps
    Buschbacher RM, Weir SK, Bentley JG, Cottrell E
    PM R, 2009 Feb;1(2):101-6.
    PMID: 19627883 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2008.08.002
    Proximal peripheral nerve conduction studies can provide useful information to the clinician. The difficulty of measuring the length of the proximal nerve as well as a frequent inability to stimulate at 2 points along the nerve adds a challenge to the use of electrodiagnosis for this purpose. The purpose of this article is to present normal values for the suprascapular, axillary, and musculocutaneous nerves using surface electrodes while accounting for side-to-side variability.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  9. Skin-piercing blood-sucking moths I: ecological and ethological studies on Calpe eustrigata (Lepid., noctuidae)
    Bänziger H
    Acta Trop, 1975;32(2):125-44.
    PMID: 240258
    The Noctuid Calpe [Calyptral] eustrigata Hmps. was reported as a skin-piercing blood-sucking moth for the first time in Malaya (Bänziger, 1968) and is so far the only lepidopteran proved to suck blood by means of a piercing act. A few field observations and the description of the piercing behaviour of caged moths were given. Apart from a taxonomic study of the genus Calpe (Berio, 1956), a single record (Büttiker, 1969) and some notes on the moth's proboscis and possible evolutionary pathway (Bänziger, 1970, 1971, 1972) to our knowledge no other data have been published on the moth after its description as a new species (Hampson, 1926). The life cycle is completely unknown. From the scanty museum specimens available, it appears that the species inhabits South and Southeast Asia. A closely related, though less rare species, the fruit-piercing C. thalictri Bkh., has been used for a detailed study of the piercing mechanism likely to be adopted by Calpe (Bänziger, 1970); the feeding turned out to be as unusual as the feeding habits. Little or nothing is known about other Calpe species. C. eustrigata is not the only adult lepidopterous parasite of mammals. Lachryphagous ("eye-frequenting") moths feed as "marginal" parasites upon eye-secretions of ungulates, elephants and occasionally man (Shannon, 1928; Reid, 1954; Büttiker, 1964, 1967; Bänziger, 1966). Arcyophora species and the eulachryphagous Noctuid Lobocraspis graseifusa Hmps. which apparently feeds exclusively upon eye discharges, are suspected as vectors of eye diseases (Guilbride et al., 1959, Büttiker, 1964; Bänziger, 1972). While no lachryphagous moth is able to suck blood by a piercing act, there are a number of facultative lachryphagous moths which lick up the blood freely present at wounds, or that excreted anally by mosquitoes (Bänziger, 1969, 1972). Because of the scientific interest in C. eustrigata, research has been carried out to investigate different biological aspects of the species in Malaysia, Thailand. Laos and Indonesia (May 1971-May 1973). The first account presented here will be continued with a paper (in prep.) on the piercing mechanism and soon, it is hoped, with more information on the physiology, life cycle and medical importance of the moth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  10. Fulltext Geographic Differences in Prepregnancy Cardiometabolic Health in the United States, 2016 Through 2019
    Cameron NA, Freaney PM, Wang MC, Perak AM, Dolan BM, O'Brien MJ, et al.
    Circulation, 2022 Feb 15;145(7):549-551.
    PMID: 35157521 DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.057107
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  11. Normal haematological and biochemical values for the swamp buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in Australia
    Canfield PJ, Best FG, Fairburn AJ, Purdie J, Gilham M
    Aust. Vet. J., 1984 Mar;61(3):89-93.
    PMID: 6743148
    Blood samples were collected from 24 immature male, 55 immature female and 99 mature female water buffalo kept at an experimental farm in the Northern Territory. Haematological analysis was performed on blood collected in dipotassium--ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid while biochemical analysis was performed on serum and plasma (for glucose) samples. Haematological values of mature buffalo were similar to those recorded for swamp buffalo in Malaysia. Blood cell appearances were similar to those reported for adult Indian river buffalo though values recorded for red cell components were higher. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences between immature male and female buffalo. Red cell components, eosinophils, total plasma and serum proteins, albumin, gamma globulins, inorganic phosphate and the enzyme gamma-glutamyl transferase were significantly higher for mature female buffalo when compared to immature females. Reasons for the differences were not fully determined but the effect of age and nutritional status in combination with a variable period of domestication were considered.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  12. Fulltext Health-care provider screening for tobacco smoking and advice to quit - 17 countries, 2008-2011
    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
    MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2013 Nov 22;62(46):920-7.
    PMID: 24257201
    Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable mortality in the world. Article 14 of the World Health Organization (WHO) Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) states that countries should promote cessation of tobacco use and adequate treatment for tobacco dependence. Health-care providers asking all patients about their tobacco use and advising tobacco users to quit are evidence-based strategies that increase tobacco abstinence. This report examines the proportion of tobacco smokers in 17 countries responding to the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) who saw a health-care provider in the past year and who reported that a health-care provider asked them about smoking and advised them to quit. Respondents were tobacco smokers aged ≥15 years surveyed during 2008-2011 in Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, and Vietnam. The proportion of smokers who had visited a health-care provider during the previous 12 months ranged from 21.6% in Egypt to 62.3% in Poland. Among these, the proportion reporting that a health-care provider asked if they smoked ranged from 34.9% in Vietnam to 82.1% in Romania. Among those screened for tobacco use, those who reported their health-care providers advised them to quit ranged from 17.3% in Mexico to 67.3% in Romania. In most countries, persons aged ≥45 years were more likely to report being screened and advised to quit than were persons aged ≤24 years. Health-care providers should identify smokers and provide advice and assistance in quitting at each visit as an adjunct to effective community interventions (e.g., increased price of tobacco products; smoke-free policies, mass media campaigns, and tobacco quitlines).
    Study name: Global Adults Tobacco Survey (GATS-2011)
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  13. Marriage and ethnicity in West Malaysia
    Chahnazarian A
    Comp Soc Res, 1984;7:231-55.
    PMID: 12340260
    "This paper will focus on ethnic differentials in the nuptiality of West Malaysia and on their evolution since the Second World War. The growing similarity of nuptiality patterns in the Malay, Chinese, and Indian communities will be outlined and the influence of age and sex distributions on the observed changes will be examined. The sources of data for this study are the 1947, 1957, and 1970 Population Censuses and the 1974 Malaysian Family and Fertility Survey."
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors*
  14. Fulltext Gender differences in work-family balance factors
    Chai, Sian Yi, Zaiton Hassan, Abang Ekhsan Abang Othman
    Journal of Cognitive Sciences & Human Development, 2015;1(1):34-45.
    MyJurnal
    Influx of women in the paid labor force had been identified as one of the important factors in raising awareness about work-family balance in organizations in developed countries in the west. The same phenomenon also occurs in Malaysia. Malaysia is considered as having traditional gender role ideology, whereby men and women have separate role in the workplace and in the family. Specifically, this study aims to identify whether there are differences in perception between men and women in public sector towards factors associated with work-life balance. Work-life balance factors examined in this study are work demands, supervisor support, organization’s family-friendly policies, family demands, work-family conflict (WFC) and family-work conflict (FWC). Sixty questionnaires were administered to employees in a government health training institution in Sarawak, Malaysia. Data were analyzed using SPPS version 17 and independent t-Test was employed in testing the hypotheses. The study found that men and women are significantly different in terms of supervisor support, work-family conflict and family demands. However, there was no significant difference between men and women employees with regard to work demands, family-work conflict and utilization of family-friendly policies. In line with previous Western findings, women experienced higher level of work to family conflict (WFC) than men employees. In addition, women also reported higher family demands than men. These findings strengthened the traditional gender role ideology ascribed by majority of Malaysians and lend support to the gender role theory. Therefore, the organization could provide relevant training, such as, time and stress management. Supervisors could be trained to be more aware of work-family balance issues faced by their employees and assist them accordingly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  15. Fulltext Penang cancer cases reported to the National Cancer Registry of Malaysia, 1987-1990: an epidemiological analysis
    Chan CK, Singh J, Rasid BK, Devaraj T
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Jun;49(2):122-31.
    PMID: 8090090
    2,124 cases of cancer diagnosed and/or treated in Penang between 1987-1990 were reported to the National Cancer Registry of Malaysia by hospitals in Penang. 1,762 met the criteria for Penang incident cases first diagnosed between 1987-1990, and were the subjects on which all subsequent analyses were based. 85 per cent of case notifications were from Mount Miriam Hospital. Among males, all-site cancer incidence rates (age-standardised) were highest among Chinese, and lowest among Malays. Among females, the Indian female incidence rate was highest, higher than that of any other ethnic-gender sub-group. Site-specific cancer rates varied according to ethnicity and gender, but overall the four most frequent cancers reported from Penang were breast, lung, cervix and nasopharynx cancers. It needs to be emphasised that all these results are highly tentative since they are based on notified cancer occurrences and hence are very uncertain proxies for true cancer incidence. Based on incidence rates from the Singapore Cancer Registry (1978-1982), the expected number of incident cases in 1989 for Penang (Malays, Chinese and Indians combined) was 1,561. The number notified to the National Cancer Registry was 496. This underlines the tentative nature of this analysis of the returns for 1987-1990 from Penang.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  16. Is talking to an automated teller machine natural and fun?
    Chan FY, Khalid HM
    Ergonomics, 2003 Oct-Nov;46(13-14):1386-407.
    PMID: 14612327
    Usability and affective issues of using automatic speech recognition technology to interact with an automated teller machine (ATM) are investigated in two experiments. The first uncovered dialogue patterns of ATM users for the purpose of designing the user interface for a simulated speech ATM system. Applying the Wizard-of-Oz methodology, multiple mapping and word spotting techniques, the speech driven ATM accommodates bilingual users of Bahasa Melayu and English. The second experiment evaluates the usability of a hybrid speech ATM, comparing it with a simulated manual ATM. The aim is to investigate how natural and fun can talking to a speech ATM be for these first-time users. Subjects performed the withdrawal and balance enquiry tasks. The ANOVA was performed on the usability and affective data. The results showed significant differences between systems in the ability to complete the tasks as well as in transaction errors. Performance was measured on the time taken by subjects to complete the task and the number of speech recognition errors that occurred. On the basis of user emotions, it can be said that the hybrid speech system enabled pleasurable interaction. Despite the limitations of speech recognition technology, users are set to talk to the ATM when it becomes available for public use.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  17. The vital capacity of 137 Malaysians 15 to 37 years old
    Chan KY, Raman A
    Med J Malaya, 1968 Dec;23(2):86-91.
    PMID: 4240826
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  18. Fulltext Incidence of postdural puncture headache. A prospective study of 101 spinal anaesthetics in orthopaedic patients
    Chan L, Delilkan AE
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Mar;47(1):20-6.
    PMID: 1387444
    Spinal anaesthesia was performed on 101 patients with a 25-Gauge (0.52 mm) needle. We found a 13.9% overall incidence of postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in an orthopaedic population whose mean age was 33.6 years. This incidence is too high and an alternative technique may be needed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  19. Fulltext The effect of repeated chemotherapy on the prevalence and intensity of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection
    Chan L, Kan SP, Bundy DA
    Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1992 Jun;23(2):228-34.
    PMID: 1439974
    The prevalence and intensity of intestinal nematode infections were assessed during 3 anthelminthic interventions in an urban community in Malaysia. The prevalence levels of Ascaris lumbricoides at Interventions 1, 2 and 3 were 30.6%, 18.9% and 15.5%, respectively and the mean intensities were 1.9, 0.75 and 0.81 worms per person. For Trichuris trichiura, the prevalence levels at Interventions 1, 2 and 3 were 46.9%, 21.6% and 15.7%, respectively. The mean intensities for T. trichiura at Interventions 1, 2 and 3 were 3.30, 0.92 and 0.07 worms per person. No gender-related prevalence and intensity were observed for the two geohelminths in this community. Prevalences and intensity had convex age profiles. Although repeated chemotherapeutic intervention reduced both prevalence and intensity levels, intensity was a more sensitive indicator than prevalence. The results indicate that age-targetting treatment at school children of 7-12 years of age would be an appropriate strategy for this community.
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
  20. Prevalence and correlates of physical inactivity among older adults in Malaysia: Findings from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015
    Chan YY, Sooryanarayana R, Mohamad Kasim N, Lim KK, Cheong SM, Kee CC, et al.
    Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 2018 11 26;81:74-83.
    PMID: 30521992 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.11.012
    Malaysia has an increasingly aging population. Despite the substantial benefits of physical activity for healthy aging, older adults are considered the most physically inactive segment of the Malaysian population. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity among older adults in Malaysia and its correlates. We analysed data on adults aged ≥60 years (n = 3790) from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2015, a cross-sectional, nationwide population-based survey covering information on socio-demographic characteristics, physical activity and other lifestyle-related variables, health conditions, and functional limitations. Individuals included in this study were classified as physically active or physically inactive. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with physical inactivity. The overall prevalence of physical inactivity among older adults aged ≥60 years old was 48.8%. Physical inactivity was significantly more prevalent among females, older age groups, Indians, those being single/widowed/divorced, those with no formal education, those who reported high sedentary time (≥7 h/day), those with diabetes, anaemia, and functional limitations (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Sex Factors
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