MyMedR

Fulltext Risk factors for anti tuberculous drugs induced hepatitis: a prospective survey from a chest clinic in a general hospital

Fauzi ARM, Shah A, Rathor MY, Satwi S

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):72-7.

PMID: 15535339

A prospective survey on 14 consecutive cases with tuberculous drug induced hepatitis was done at our chest clinic in a state general hospital over a period of 15 months. There were 30 controls chosen randomly from the chest clinic register. The cases had lower mean body mass index (P<0.008), serum albumin (P<0.005) and higher serum globulin (P<0.04). Serum liver transaminases and total bilirubin rose significantly during the acute episode of drug induced hepatitis. Among the risk factors studied, only chronic hepatitis B carrier status was found to be more prevalent among the cases. There was one death (7.1%) over the whole study period.
Study site: Chest clinic, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/adverse effects*

Fulltext An evaluation of the tuberculosis control programme of Selangor State, Malaysia for the year 2001

Venugopalan B

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):20-5.

PMID: 15535331 MyJurnal

In the year 2001, 1459 Tuberculosis (TB) cases (43.1/100,000 population) were notified in Selangor. The highest age specific incidence rate was among those aged above 60 years and foreigners accounted for 15% of the cases notified. Fifteen percent of the TB cases were treated in the private sector where treatment efficacy and compliance could not be evaluated. Co- infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection with TB accounted for 51% of the TB deaths notified. Screening programmes in prisons and drug rehabilitation centres had detected 11.7% of HIV/TB coinfection among HIV positive inmates screened in these institutions.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage

Fulltext Tuberculosis in Malaysia: combating the old nemesis

Aziah AM

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Mar;59(1):1-3.

PMID: 15535327 MyJurnal

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage

Fluoroquinolones for treating tuberculosis

Ziganshina LE, Vizel AA, Squire SB

Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2005.

PMID: 16034951

Fluoroquinolones are sometimes used to treat multiple-drug-resistant and drug-sensitive tuberculosis. The effects of fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis regimens need to be assessed.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use*

Fulltext Multifocal choroiditis: ocular TB or side-effects of anti-TB therapy?

Bastion MLC, Kok HS, Muhaya M

Med J Malaysia, 2004 Dec;59(5):682-4.

PMID: 15889575

A patient with end-stage renal failure secondary to polycystic kidney disease was seen in the Eye Clinic for a corneal abrasion. Incidental fundal examination revealed bilateral multiple, small, raised, pale yellow sub-retinal nodules. Past medical history of inadequately treated pulmonary tuberculosis was obtained. Following initiation of anti-tuberculous therapy, the choroidal lesions resolved.
Study site: Eye clinic, Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Fulltext Pulmonary disease empirically treated as tuberculosis-a retrospective study of 107 cases

Loh LC, Abdul Samah SZ, Zainudin A, Wong GLS, Gan WH, Yusuf WS, et al.

Med J Malaysia, 2005 Mar;60(1):62-70.

PMID: 16250282

Pulmonary disease is sometimes treated empirically as tuberculosis (TB) in the absence of microbial confirmation if the clinical suspicion of active TB is high. In a country of relatively high TB and low HIV burden, we retrospectively studied 107 patients (69.2% male; mean age (SD): 45 (17) years) who received empirical anti-TB treatment for intrapulmonary opacities or pleural effusions suspected of active TB in our hospitals between 1998 and 2002. The diagnosis of definite or probable 'smear-negative' pulmonary TB was made based on treatment outcome at two months with rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol (or streptomycin). At this end-point, 81 patients (84.4%) had both clinical and radiological improvement (definite cases), 12 (12.5%) had clinical improvement alone and 3 (3.1%) had radiological improvement alone (probable cases). Confirmation of acid-fast bacilli was subsequently obtained in 12 patients (all definite cases) from culture of initial pulmonary specimens. Eleven patients (10.5%) were diagnosed as 'non-TB' based on absence of both clinical and radiological improvement or discovery of another cause for the pulmonary condition at or before this two-month study end-point. In the 'non-TB' group, 2 had carcinoma, 2 had HIV-related pulmonary diseases, 1 had bronchiectasis, while in 6 causes were indeterminate. Six (6.3%) and 3 (27.3%) patients reported adverse effects from anti-TB drugs from the 'TB' and 'non-TB' groups respectively. Our findings suggest that empirical anti-TB treatment is an acceptable practice if clinical suspicion is high in patients coming in our region.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use*

Fulltext Psychosis secondary to tuberculosis meningitis

Rahim MJ, Ghazali WS

BMJ Case Rep, 2016 Mar 11;2016.

PMID: 26969352 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-213171

We report a case of a 19-year-old immunocompetent Malay woman who presented with a worsening psychotic disorder of 1-year duration. She initially presented with social isolation with subsequent mutism and stupor. Physical examination revealed a stuporous, emaciated, dehydrated woman with Glasgow Coma Scale of 11/15 (E4V2M5). She had a blank stare, mutism and akinesia. Motor examination revealed upper motor neuron findings. Neck stiffness was present, however, Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs were negative. There were no other findings on other systems. Brain imaging and EEG were normal. Cerebrospinal fluid investigations revealed positive cerebrospinal fluid Mycobacterium tuberculosis PCR (MTB PCR). The patient was treated with empirical antituberculosis drugs and steroids. On follow-up visit 1 month later, her psychotic symptoms had fully resolved. She was able to ambulate and care for herself; she was unable to recall the symptoms she had experienced before and during admission.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Fulltext Factors contributing to poor compliance with anti-TB treatment among tuberculosis patients

Naing NN, D'Este C, Isa AR, Salleh R, Bakar N, Mahmod MR

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2001 Jun;32(2):369-82.

PMID: 11556591

Tuberculosis (TB) has made a comeback. It has become a resurgent public health problem in developing countries in the tropics and is the leading cause of death from any single infectious agent. Non-compliance to anti-tuberculosis treatment is the most serious problem in TB control. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the determinants of poor compliance with anti-tuberculosis treatment among tuberculosis patients in Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia in 1999. A total of 390 patients were included in the study of which 130 were tuberculosis patients who defaulted treatment and 260 were those compliant to treatment. Data collection was done by interviewing the patients and collecting clinical and laboratory data from their medical records. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, patients who were not on direct observed therapy (DOT) lived distant to the health facility, were non-intravenous drug users (IVDU) and were HIV positive had statistically significant higher odds of being non-compliant. Patients should be given treatment under direct supervision with special attention to IVDU and HIV positive groups. Anti-TB treatment should be accessible to patients at the nearest health center from their residence. Interventions with health education programs emphasizing the benefits of treatment compliance should be implemented by further large-scale multicentered studies.
Study site: Chest clinic, Hospital Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use*

Fulltext Tuberculous retinal vasculitis

Hoh HB, Kong VY, Jaais F

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Sep;53(3):288-9.

PMID: 10968169

A patient who was referred to the eye department for routine ocular assessment prior to commencement of antituberculous therapy was found to have periphlebitis in both eyes despite being visually asymptomatic. Fluorescein angiography confirms the presence of vasculitis without any retinal oedema or areas of non-perfusion, which may sometimes accompany the condition. Within 2 months of systemic treatment, the ocular signs regressed without any permanent effect on vision. This case highlights a rare ocular complication associated with systemic tuberculosis which fortunately did not result in loss of vision due to prompt treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Fulltext Hypercalcaemic crisis as the presenting manifestation of abdominal tuberculosis: a case report

Ramanathan M, Abdullah ADG, Sivadas T

Med J Malaysia, 1998 Dec;53(4):432-4.

PMID: 10971990

This report deals with a young man having prolonged fever presenting with hypercalcaemic crisis. Subsequent investigations confirmed tuberculosis (TB) peritonitis in the absence of pulmonary involvement as the cause of his symptoms. His hypercalcaemia and fever resolved with anti-TB therapy. Abdominal TB needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of otherwise unexplained hypercalcaemia especially in our region where TB is an endemic problem and is treatable.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Fulltext A case of primary drug resistant tuberculosis

Jeyakumar D

Med J Malaysia, 2000 Mar;55(1):129-31.

PMID: 11072497

A young man presented with primary multi-drug resistant tuberculosis. The institution of second-line regimes with insufficient efficacy due to clinical inexperience, unreliable sensitivity reports and the inavailability of second-line drugs led to the development of an organism that was resistant to ten anti-tuberculous drugs. Accurate sensitivity testing done in an overseas laboratory enabled the institution of a six-drug regimen that has resulted in clinical cure.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Fulltext Drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Lim VK

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):97-8.

PMID: 8350810

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology*

Fulltext Spinal tuberculosis: a five-year review of cases at the National Tuberculosis Centre

Jalleh RD, Kuppusamy I, Mahayiddin AA, Yaacob MF, Yusuf NA, Mokhtar A

Med J Malaysia, 1991 Sep;46(3):269-73.

PMID: 1839924

We reviewed 31 cases (19 males and 12 females) of spinal tuberculosis seen at the National Tuberculosis Centre from 1985 to 1989. The mean age was 35.4 years. The predominant clinical feature was backache (90.3%), while neurological features were found in 30.9%. An elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (in 80.0%) and a positive Mantoux test (in 70.9%) served as useful investigations. Spinal x-ray was abnormal in all cases, the lumbar spine being most commonly involved. Bacteriological or histopathological confirmation was obtained in only 29.0% of cases. The mainstay of treatment was anti-tuberculous chemotherapy with surgery being performed in 41.9% of patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Factors associated with poor patient compliance with antituberculosis therapy in Northwest Perak, Malaysia

Chuah SY

Tubercle, 1991 Dec;72(4):261-4.

PMID: 1811356

A retrospective study of factors associated with poor patient compliance with antituberculosis therapy was conducted in Taiping, Perak. 219 patients were studied. Male patients and hospital referrals were significantly more likely to default. Patients with tuberculous lymphadenitis alone had a greater rate of default, but this just failed to reach significance (0.05 less than p less than 0.10). Six of 7 male hospital referrals with tuberculous lymphadenitis alone defaulted. Patients treated as outpatients from the start were more compliant. Housewives were also highly compliant. It was noticed that patients who defaulted tended to do so during early stages of treatment.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use*

Pharyngeal tuberculosis

Goh KL, Chang CM

Trop Geogr Med, 1990 Jan;42(1):75-7.

PMID: 2260201

A case of pharyngeal tuberculosis is reported in a 54-year-old Chinese man. This is an uncommon condition and is often associated with pulmonary tuberculosis as in our patient.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Pelvic tuberculosis: an uncommon gynaecological problem in Malaysia

Sivanesaratnam V, Lim BH, Sivanesan S, Menon A

J Trop Med Hyg, 1986 Aug;89(4):167-9.

PMID: 3783810

Tuberculosis of the genital tract was diagnosed in only 12 patients during the 17 year period from March 1968 to February 1985 at the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, which serves as a major referral centre in Malaysia. The incidence was 0.31 per 1000 gynaecological admissions and the peak age incidence was in the age group 26 to 35 years. The surgical management was mainly conservative as infertility was the most frequent mode of presentation (50%). Evidence of previous pulmonary tuberculosis was present in only five cases. Adnexal adhesions were the commonest pelvic finding; the fallopian tubes and endometrium were affected with equal frequency. Positive cultures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were obtained in only five of the 12 patients. All patients received combination anti-tuberculosis drugs with satisfactory response.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid and its derivative, 1-isonicotinyl-2-nonanoyl hydrazine: investigation at cellular level

Mohamad S, Ibrahim P, Sadikun A

Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2004;84(1-2):56-62.

PMID: 14670346

In this study, the susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to isoniazid (INH) was compared with its derivative, 1-isonicotinyl-2-nonanoyl hydrazine (INH-C9), prepared synthetically. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drugs was determined using the 1% proportion method. INH-C9 was found to lower the MIC of INH from 0.05 to 0.025 microg/ml. Further studies on the effects of INH and INH-C9 on M. tuberculosis were assessed by exposing the cells to the above at the MIC level. M. tuberculosis cells grown on Middlebrook 7H10 agar were harvested at different stages of their growth cycle (initial stage, 24 and 72 h), exposed to the MICs of INH and INH-C9, and stained with acid-fast staining. The observations were made for a week. The cellular morphologies and staining characteristics were examined using a Brightfield microscope. The result indicated cells only at the initial stage of growth were most susceptible to the drugs resulting in the loss of acid-fastness and intact cellular morphology in the majority of cells.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/pharmacology*

Tuberculosis in Malaysia: problems and prospect of treatment and control

Iyawoo K

Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2004;84(1-2):4-7.

PMID: 14670340

In the early 1940s and 1950s, tuberculosis (TB) was the number one cause of death in Malaysia. Patients with TB were admitted to the many sanatoria we had in various parts of the country and were often managed by surgical means. TB chemotherapy became available only in the late 1950s. At this time, TB was already a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Realizing its seriousness, the Malaysian government launched its National TB Control Programme (NTP) in 1961. At that time, the recommended treatment for TB was a combination of three drugs, namely, streptomycin, isoniazid and paraaminosalicylic acid (PAS) given for 2 months followed by isoniazid and PAS given for 12 months. Generally the treatment used to last for 1-2 years. The National TB Centre in Kuala Lumpur functioned as the headquarters of the NTP, and the state general hospitals with their chest clinics functioned as the state directorates. From the operational point of view, every state has a state TB directorate which is known as the State TB Managerial Team (Fig. 1). This team is responsible for the implementation of the activities of the NTP at the state and district levels. Ever since 1995, the national TB directorate has been shifted to the Public Health Division of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and is now under the Director of Disease Control (Fig. 2). The National TB Centre has now been renamed as The Institute of Respiratory Medicine. Over the years from being the number one cause of death, TB has dropped to being below number 10 (Fig. 3).

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use

Tuberculosis and leprosy: potential novel drugs and vaccines against Mycobacterium. A Symposium held at Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia, July 3-5, 2002. Proceedings

Tuberculosis (Edinb), 2004;84(1-2):1-130.

PMID: 14670339

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/therapeutic use*

Fulltext A prospective study of socio-demographic, clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of children with tuberculosis in Sindh, Pakistan

Laghari M, Sulaiman SAS, Khan AH, Memon N

BMC Infect Dis, 2019 Jan 24;19(1):82.

PMID: 30678656 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-3702-3

BACKGROUND: Understanding the explanations behind unsuccessful treatment outcomes in tuberculosis (TB) patients is important to improve treatment success. Treatment completion for TB is the mainstay of TB prevention and control. The study was aimed to assess the treatment outcomes and predictors for unsuccessful outcomes among children with TB.

METHODS: This was a prospective multicenter study conducted in Sindh. Children aged ≤14 years enrolled from June to November 2016 were included. A structured data collection tool was used to gather information with respect to patients' socio-demographic, clinical and microbiological data. Additionally, to collect the information related to socio-economic and education level of caregivers, validated questionnaire was administered to the caregivers. Treatment outcomes were assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The relationship of unsuccessful treatment outcome with socio-demographic and clinical attributes of TB patients was analyzed using logistic regression model.

RESULTS: Childhood TB represented 19.3% (508/2634) of all TB cases in selected hospitals. Of these, 268/508 (52.8%) were females and one third of the children were aged ≤2 years (34.3%). In multivariate analysis, pulmonary smear positive TB (PTB+) (AOR = 5.910, 95%CI = 1.64-21.29), those with adverse drug reactions (AOR = 11.601, 95%CI = 4.06-33.12) and those who had known TB contacts (AOR = 3.128, 95%CI = 1.21-8.06) showed statistically significant association with unsuccessful treatment outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS: The high proportion of childhood TB cases (19.3%) demonstrates the continuation of TB transmission in the study setting. Furthermore, an increased focus on PTB+ patients, those with adverse drug reactions and household contact with TB is warranted.

Matched MeSH terms: Antitubercular Agents/administration & dosage

Displaying publications 81 - 100 of 185 in total