Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 185 in total

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  1. Yani MT, Mahfud C, Rangga Sa'adillah SAP, Bustami MR, Maskuri, Taufiq A
    Heliyon, 2022 Dec;8(12):e12218.
    PMID: 36544840 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12218
    The present study was designed to investigate the political interactions of Kiai of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in the national political arena and its current impact on the Indonesian Muslim community. The data were garnered through interviews and focus group discussions with Kiai and related parties. The results of the study suggest that the political orientation of the Kiai of NU in Indonesia is oriented to pragmatism and oriented to piety idealism in politics based on Islamic ethics. The Kiai, as a symbol of religious leaders, is expected to lead the Muslim community on a political path that is valuable and morally based. The phenomenon of Kiai interaction in practical politics is a significant leap and break that should be translated into a more comprehensive political perspective on social and historical aspects. The study findings implicate that Kiai as a religious figure, should be put on the front row for Indonesian political discourses among Nahdlatul Ulama followers.
  2. Lee LC, Ishak AA, Nai Eyan AA, Zakaria AF, Kharudin NS, Noor NAM
    Forensic Sci Res, 2022;7(4):761-773.
    PMID: 36817254 DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2021.1899407
    Soil is of particular interest to the forensic community because it can be used as valuable associative evidence to link a suspect to a victim or a crime scene. Liquid chromatography is a powerful analytical tool for organic compound analysis. Recently, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has proven to be an efficient method for forensic soil analysis, especially in discriminating soils from proximity locations. However, ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), which is much more sensitive than HPLC, has never been explored in this context. This study proposed a UPLC method for profiling non-volatile organic compounds in three Malaysian soils (red, brown and yellowish-brown soils). The three soils were analysed separately to assess the effects of individual chromatographic parameters: (a) elution programme (isocratic vs. two gradient programmes); (b) flow rate (0.1 vs. 0.2 mL/min); (c) extraction solvent (acetonitrile vs. methanol) and (d) detection wavelength (230 vs. 254 nm). The injection volume and total run time were set to 5 µL and 35 min, respectively. Consequently, each soil sample gave 24 different chromatograms. Results showed that the most desirable chromatographic parameters were (a) isocratic elution; (b) flow rate at 0.2 mL/min and (c) acetonitrile extraction solvent. The proposed UPLC system is expected to be a feasible method for profiling non-volatile organic compounds in soil, and is more chemical-efficient than a comparable HPLC system.
  3. Ong HC, Puraviappan AP, Sinnathuray TA, Chong CH, Sen DK
    Singapore Med J, 1978 Jun;19(2):93-7.
    PMID: 751193
    Pregnancy was associated with cardiac disease in 0.94% of pregnancies. 0.66% with rheumatic lesions and 0.25'\'0 with congenital lesions. The Malays had a higher incidence than the Chinese and Indians. Most of the cardiac pregnancies were in patients between 20-30 years of age and gravida 1 to 4. Nevertheless. still about 30% of cardiac pregnancies were in patients 30 years and over in age and 20% in patient gravida 5 and above. Rheumatic lesions predominated. involving mainly the mitral valve. of which the major lesion was mitral stenosis. PDA. ASD and VSD were the major congenital lesions. Major antepartum matemal complications included arrhythmias. heart failure, anemia and pre-eclampsia. Of the arrhythmias. atrial fibrillation and sinus tachycardia occurred most commonly. A high incidence of prophylactic forceps and vacuum deliveries
    was evident. There was one matemal death. The majority of infants were bom alive and well.
  4. Almeida HF, Carvalho PJ, Kurnia KA, Lopes-da-Silva JA, Coutinho JA, Freire MG
    Fluid Phase Equilib, 2016 Feb 15;409:458-465.
    PMID: 27642224
    Ionic liquids (ILs) with cyano-functionalized anions are a set of fluids that are still poorly characterized despite their remarkably low viscosities and potential applications. Aiming at providing a comprehensive study on the influence of the number of -CN groups through the surface tension and surface organization of ILs, the surface tensions of imidazolium-based ILs with cyano-functionalized anions were determined at atmospheric pressure and in the (298.15 to 343.15) K temperature range. The ILs investigated are based on 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations (alkyl = ethyl, butyl and hexyl) combined with the [SCN]-, [N(CN)2]-, [C(CN)3]- and [B(CN)4]-anions. Although the well-known trend regarding the surface tension decrease with the increase of the size of the aliphatic moiety at the cation was observed, the order obtained for the anions is more intricate. For a common cation and at a given temperature, the surface tension decreases according to: [N(CN)2]- > [SCN]- > [C(CN)3]- > [B(CN)4]-. Therefore, the surface tension of this homologous series does not decrease with the increase of the number of -CN groups at the anion as has been previously shown by studies performed with a more limited matrix of ILs. A maximum in the surface tension and critical temperature was observed for [N(CN)2]-based ILs. Furthermore, a minimum in the surface entropy, indicative of a highly structured surface, was found for the same class of ILs. All these evidences seem to be a result of stronger hydrogen-bonding interactions occurring in [N(CN)2]-based ILs, when compared with the remaining CN-based counterparts, and as sustained by cation-anion interaction energies derived from the Conductor Like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS).
  5. Yusof MR, Fahmey O, Lee C, Azli MS, Arunasalam AP, Khairul-Asri MG
    Ann R Coll Surg Engl, 2022 Mar;104(3):e64-e66.
    PMID: 34812656 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0110
    Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been shown to cause venous migration in the inferior vena cava (IVC). It is very important for preoperative imaging to be carried out, which will decide the surgical approach for the patient. Duplication of IVC is an uncommon anomaly. We report a case of RCC with duplication of IVC.
  6. Chan KK, Pereira AF, Valente AI, Tavares APM, Coutinho JAP, Ooi CW
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Oct;277(Pt 4):134443.
    PMID: 39217672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134443
    Laccases hold great potential for biotechnological applications, particularly in environmental pollutant remediation. Laccase activity is governed by the solvent environment, and ionic liquids (ILs) emerge as a versatile solvent for activation or stabilization of enzymes. Herein, effects of cholinium-based ILs formulated with carboxylic acids, inorganic acid, and amino acids as anionic species, on the catalytic activity of laccase from Trametes versicolor were investigated by experimental and computational approaches. Experimental results showed that laccase activity was enhanced by 21.39 % in 0.5 M cholinium dihydrogen citrate ([Cho][DHC]), in relation to the laccase activity in phosphate buffer medium. However, cholinium aminoate ILs negatively affected laccase activity, as evidenced by the partial deactivation of laccase in both cholinium glycinate and cholinium phenylalaninate, at concentrations of 0.1 M and 0.5 M, respectively. Molecular dynamics studies revealed that the enhancement of laccase activity in [Cho][DHC] might be attributed to the highly stabilized and compact structure of laccase, facilitating a better internal electron transfer during the laccase-substrate interactions. Enhanced catalytic performance of laccase in [Cho][DHC] was postulated to be driven by the high accumulation level of dihydrogen citrate anions around laccase's surface. [Cho][DHC] holds great promise as a cosolvent in laccase-catalyzed biochemical reactions.
  7. Tiong KI, Mohd Zahidin AZ, Sumugam SKA, Uchang J, Mohd Isa HD
    Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila), 2017;6(5):403-406.
    PMID: 28868833 DOI: 10.22608/APO.2017134
    PURPOSE: To compare the interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-23 (IL-23) positive cell counts between pterygium and normal conjunctiva.

    DESIGN: A case-control study.

    METHODS: This study received ethical approval (NMRR Research ID 23957) and informed consent was obtained from all participants. It involved 20 participants with 20 samples of pterygium and 20 samples of normal conjunctiva that were obtained from the same eye of each participant. All the participants underwent history taking, slit lamp examination, and pterygium excision surgery. Both samples underwent immunohistochemistry procedure. Pretreatment procedure was conducted using heat-induced epitope retrieval with PT link, subsequently followed by EnVision FLEX staining procedure and incubation with anti‒IL-17 antibody and anti‒IL-23 antibody. Slides were examined in high-power fields (400x) for both samples in 3 different fields. Total positive stained cell counts in all 3 fields with IL-17 and IL-23 between pterygium and normal conjunctiva were analyzed by using Wilcoxon signed rank test.

    RESULTS: IL-17 positive cell counts for normal conjunctiva showed mean 196.10 ± 80.487 but for pterygium was 331.10 ± 108.416. As for IL-23, the mean for positive cell counts for normal conjunctiva was 62.10 ± 33.462 and IL-23 positive cell counts for pterygium showed mean 102.95 ± 41.378. Both IL-17 and IL-23 were significantly increased in pterygium compared with normal conjunctiva (P < 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: Both IL-17 and IL-23 were found to be significantly higher in the pterygium group than in the normal conjunctiva group with P < 0.001 by Wilcoxon signed rank test.

  8. Hastuti AP, Sukartini T, Arief YS, Nursalam N, Roesardhyati R, Kurniawan AW, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Jan;79(1):28-33.
    PMID: 38287754
    INTRODUCTION: The role of providing nutrition to children aged 6-24 months who are stunted is related to the mother's ability to provide proper nutrition. Empowerment of mothers based on self-regulated learning is a nursing intervention that can be carried out by using the abilities, belief and individual capacities of mothers in completing tasks, managing and providing nutrition to children aged 6-24 months. Mother's characteristic are motivation, self-esteem, self-efficacy, knowledge, belief and ability to decisionmaking about providing nutrition to children, so it can be a learning process for the mother in using resources which improve the nutrition ability of the mother. This study aims to apply a women's empowerment model based on selfregulated learning in increasing the mother's ability to fulfill nutrition in stunted children aged 6-24 months.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research design used a quasiexperiment. The sampling technique used cluster sampling with 76 respondents in intervention group and 76 respondents in control group. The research was conducted in the working area in Public Health Center, Malang Regency. Data analysis in this study used the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and Mann-Whitney.

    RESULTS: The results of the study found that there were differences in the ability of mothers to fulfill nutrition in stunted children between the intervention group and the control group (p = 0.000). There were mean differences in the ability of mothers to fulfill nutrition for stunted children before and after the intervention in the intervention group with indicators of breastfeeding, food preparation and processing, complementary- feeding and responsive feeding were increased (p = 0.000). However, in the control group, there were no differences in the ability of mothers to fulfill nutrition with indicator breastfeeding (p = 0.462), food preparation and processing (p = 0.721), complementary feeding (p = 0.721), complementary feeding (p = 0.462). (p = 0.054), responsive feeding (p = 0.465) and adherence to stunting therapy (p = 0.722).

    CONCLUSION: The women's empowerment model based on self-regulated learning is formed by individual mother factors, family factors, health service system factors, and child factors so that it can increase the mother's ability to fulfill nutrition in children aged 6-24 months who are stunted. The women's empowerment is a learning process about breastfeeding, food hygiene, infant and young children feeding, and responsive feeding by mothers to fulfill nutrition in children with stunting, with a goal and plan to achieve an improvement in mother's ability and nutritional status in children.

  9. Hariyanto AP, Mugni FF, Khumaira L, Sensusiati AD, Nursela AL, Suprijanto, et al.
    Radiography (Lond), 2024 Dec 11;31(1):254-263.
    PMID: 39667263 DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2024.11.023
    INTRODUCTION: Phantom materials with tissue-equivalent physical properties that require regular evaluation using patented phantoms are essential for medical device quality assurance programs. This study evaluated phantom materials for tissue equivalence and their use in image quality assessment for breast ultrasound scanner performance testing using two custom-made phantoms.

    METHODS: Two types of phantoms were developed: phantoms A and B. Phantom A was made from a base material consisting of polyvinyl chloride-plastisol with the addition of glycerol, whereas phantom B consisted of polyvinyl chloride-plastisol with the addition of graphite. Each phantom had a stiff and soft lesion shaped like a sphere, with a diameter of 1.4 cm. The phantoms were cuboids with dimensions of 10 × 10 cm2 and a thickness of 5 cm. A series of phantom evaluations was performed, consisting of density, elasticity, acoustic properties, B-mode ultrasound images, and strain ratio.

    RESULTS: The characterisation results show that background A closely resembles fibroglandular tissue in terms of density and acoustic properties (<5% variation); background B only resembles fibroglandular tissue in terms of density (-1.8% variation). In terms of elasticity, both backgrounds were close to the minimum value of fibroglandular tissue elasticity. The soft lesion on the phantom had a slightly lower density and elasticity than the carcinoma, whereas its acoustic properties (speed of sound and attenuation coefficient) were slightly higher than those of the reference carcinoma. Both phantoms were consistent with the literature in terms of strain ratio, geometric accuracy, lesion detection, and mean pixel value and showed good potential stability over one year.

    CONCLUSION: This study successfully described the fabrication and evaluation sequence of a phantom equivalent to breast fibroglandular tissue and its evaluation via ultrasound imaging.

    IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This study offers proprietary information essential for the fabrication of phantoms that can be used for quality assurance and control in ultrasound imaging.

  10. Chong Seong NT, Yaakub A, Jalil RA, Tirmandas Vn K, A/P Sandragasu T, Noor JBM, et al.
    Ther Adv Ophthalmol, 2019 07 29;11:2515841419864855.
    PMID: 31384724 DOI: 10.1177/2515841419864855
    Objective: To determine the association between physical activity and severity of primary angle closure glaucoma in Malay patients.

    Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 primary angle closure glaucoma patients between April 2014 and August 2016. Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the physical activity status was assessed and divided into three categories: mild, moderate and heavy physical activity. The duration of physical activity and corresponding minimum energy requirements were calculated. Ocular examination was performed including Humphrey visual field 24-2 analysis assessment. Based on two consecutive reliable Humphrey visual fields, the severity of glaucoma was scored according to modified Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study and classified as mild (0-5), moderate (6-11) and severe (12-20). Association between physical activity and Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study score was determined with multiple linear regression analysis.

    Results: A total of 150 Malay patients with primary angle closure glaucoma were included (50 patients with mild, 50 with moderate and 50 with severe glaucoma). Physical activity showed inverse association with the severity of primary angle closure glaucoma. After calculating adjustments for age, sex, duration of glaucoma, body mass index, systemic co-morbidities, family history of glaucoma, myopia and educational status [adjusted b -3.41, 95% confidence interval (-5.23, -1.59), p

  11. Haron N, Zain RB, Ramanathan A, Abraham MT, Liew CS, Ng KG, et al.
    Telemed J E Health, 2020 03;26(3):278-285.
    PMID: 31081720 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2018.0285
    Background:
    Up to 86% of oral cancer (OC) patients present at the late stage where survival is dismal. Limited access to specialist diagnosis is a significant factor for late presentation. The increasing use of smartphones presents an opportunity to use digital technology to facilitate early detection of OC.
    Aim:
    To evaluate the feasibility of using Mobile Mouth Screening Anywhere (MeMoSA®) to facilitate early detection of OC.
    Methods:
    A mobile phone app named MeMoSA was developed and the feasibility of integrating this for documentation of oral lesions, and communication between dentists and specialists for management decisions were evaluated. The experience of dentists and specialists in using MeMoSA was determined using qualitative questionnaires.
    Results:
    Communication between specialist and dentists using MeMoSA stratified cases and streamlined referral of patients. Twelve of 48 patients were found to have oral lesions or signs suspicious of cancer and 3 required referrals. The patient's compliance for referral was tracked with MeMoSA. All dentists agreed that MeMoSA could facilitate early detection of OC and believed that MeMoSA could assist in the identification of oral mucosal lesions through direct communication with specialists and continuous learning in the recognition of high-risk lesions.
    Conclusions:
    MeMoSA has the potential to be used to promote equitable health care and streamline patient management that could result in early detection of OC.
  12. Kasi RA, Moi CS, Kien YW, Yian KR, Chin NW, Yen NK, et al.
    Mol Med Rep, 2015 Mar;11(3):2262-8.
    PMID: 25411820 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2979
    para‑Phenylenediamine (p‑PD) is a potential carcinogen, and widely used in marketed hair dye formulations. In the present study, the role of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)/Ras/Raf/c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3k)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathways on the growth of NRK‑52E cells was investigated. The results demonstrated that p‑PD reduced cell viability in a dose‑dependent manner. The cell death due to apoptosis was confirmed by cell cycle analysis and an Annexin‑V‑fluorescein isothiocyanate binding assay. Subsequent to staining with 2',7'‑dichlorofluorescin diacetate, the treated cells demonstrated a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation compared with the controls. The effects of p‑PD on the signalling pathways were analysed by western blotting. p‑PD‑treated cells exhibited an upregulated phospho‑stress‑activated protein kinase/JNK protein expression level and downregulated Ras and Raf protein expression levels; however, Akt, Bcl‑2, Bcl‑XL and Bad protein expression levels were not significantly altered compared with the control. In conclusion, p‑PD induced apoptosis by a PTK/Ras/Raf/JNK‑dependent pathway and was independent of the PI3K/Akt pathway in NRK‑52E cells.
  13. Naing C, Kai YC, Yi CH, Yee NS, Yi LM, Jun LX, et al.
    Int Health, 2013 Sep;5(3):217-22.
    PMID: 24159624 DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/iht019
    BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine knowledge of medication use, to investigate the treatment-seeking pattern and to identify factors affecting the use of public health clinics among the study population.

    METHODS: A survey was conducted in Mantin Town of Malaysia using a structured questionnaire based on a literature review. Households were recruited through a three-stage sampling technique.

    RESULTS: Of 183 respondents (mean age 44.6 [±16.9] years; 115 [62.8%] women), 157 (85.8%) did not know about the term 'generic name' and 159 (86.9%) were not sure about the difference in price between a generic medicine and a branded medicine. The majority sought healthcare from the public health clinics (102/183; 55.7%). In the multivariate analysis, higher education level of respondents (p = 0.028), good quality of services in public health clinics (p = 0.001) and short distances between their residences and the public health clinics (p<0.001) were the significant variables for predicting the use of a public health clinic.

    CONCLUSION: This study highlights that health education on the use of generic drugs needs to be scaled up. These findings are important to the health policy makers who may need to consider addressing factors such as quality of care and physical distance to the clinic in the design and implementation of health facilities and the selection of the catchment areas.
  14. Azman A, Mohd Shahrul S, Chan SX, Noorhazliza AP, Khairunnisak M, Nur Azlina MF, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):91-101.
    PMID: 22582556 MyJurnal
    Consumption of repeatedly heated oil can be detrimental to health. The objective of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of night market food outlet operators in Kuala Lumpur regarding the usage of repeatedly heated cooking oil. The quality of cooking oil was also investigated. A cross-sectional study involving pretested questionnaire was undertaken in April 2009. The questionnaire was designed as a tool to collect data from the respondents (n=100) by face-to-face interview. The results showed that majority of respondents had only moderate (53.0%) or low (18.0%) level of knowledge regarding this issue. Most respondents (67.0%) agreed that it is not a good practice. The majority (69.0%) agreed that the usage of repeatedly heated cooking oil is detrimental to health. Despite that, most respondents (63.0%) admitted that they had used cooking oil repeatedly. Most (62.0%) of the cooking oil samples taken from the night market food outlets were considered fit for human consumption. In conclusion, the level of knowledge of night market food outlet operators in Kuala Lumpur regarding this issue needs to be improved in order to ensure the safety of fried food purchased from such establishments.
  15. Liu A, Byrne NM, Ma G, Nasreddine L, Trinidad TP, Kijboonchoo K, et al.
    Eur J Clin Nutr, 2011 Dec;65(12):1321-7.
    PMID: 21731041 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2011.122
    To develop and cross-validate bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) prediction equations of total body water (TBW) and fat-free mass (FFM) for Asian pre-pubertal children from China, Lebanon, Malaysia, Philippines and Thailand.
  16. Pereira MM, Kurnia KA, Sousa FL, Silva NJO, Lopes-da-Silva JA, Coutinho JAP, et al.
    Phys Chem Chem Phys, 2015 Dec 21;17(47):31653-31661.
    PMID: 26554705 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp05873b
    Many applications involving ionic liquids (ILs) require the knowledge of their interfacial behaviour, such as wettability and adhesion. In this context, herein, two approaches were combined aiming at understanding the impact of the IL chemical structures on their wettability on both polar and non-polar surfaces, namely: (i) the experimental determination of the contact angles of a broad range of ILs (covering a wide number of anions of variable polarity, cations, and cation alkyl side chain lengths) on polar and non-polar solid substrates (glass, Al-plate, and poly-(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)); and (ii) the correlation of the experimental contact angles with the cation-anion pair interaction energies generated by the Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS). The combined results reveal that the hydrogen-bond basicity of ILs, and thus the IL anion, plays a major role through their wettability on both polar and non-polar surfaces. The increase of the IL hydrogen-bond accepting ability leads to an improved wettability of more polar surfaces (lower contact angles) while the opposite trend is observed on non-polar surfaces. The cation nature and alkyl side chain lengths have however a smaller impact on the wetting ability of ILs. Linear correlations were found between the experimental contact angles and the cation-anion hydrogen-bonding and cation ring energies, estimated using COSMO-RS, suggesting that these features primarily control the wetting ability of ILs. Furthermore, two-descriptor correlations are proposed here to predict the contact angles of a wide variety of ILs on glass, Al-plate, and PTFE surfaces. A new extended list is provided for the contact angles of ILs on three surfaces, which can be used as a priori information to choose appropriate ILs before a given application.
  17. Yee A, Chin SC, Hashim AH, Harbajan Singh MK, Loh HS, Sulaiman AH, et al.
    Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract, 2015;19(3):182-7.
    PMID: 25874350 DOI: 10.3109/13651501.2015.1031139
    Anhedonia is the reduced ability to experience pleasure. It is a core symptom of depression and is particularly difficult to treat. This study aims to compare the level of anhedonia between depressed patients on anti-depressants and healthy subjects.
  18. Goh LC, Azman A, Siti HBK, Khoo WV, Muthukumarasamy PA, Thong MK, et al.
    Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2018 Jun;109:50-53.
    PMID: 29728184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.03.010
    OBJECTIVE: To study the audiological outcome and early screening of pre-school going children with craniosynostosis under follow-up at the University of Malaya Medical Center(UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia over a 10 year period.

    METHODS: A retrospective descriptive cohort study on the audiological findings detected during the first hearing assessment done on a child with craniosynostosis using otoacoustic emissions, pure tone audiometry or auditory brainstem response examination. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the type and severity of hearing loss when compared between syndromic and non-sydromic craniosynostosis, and other associated contributory factors.

    RESULTS: A total of 31 patients with 62 ears consisting of 14 male patients and 17 female patients were evaluated. Twenty two patients (71%) were syndromic and 9 (29%) were non-syndromic craniosynostosis. Amongst the syndromic craniosynostosis, 9 (41%) had Apert syndrome, 7 (32%) had Crouzon syndrome, 5 (23%) had Pfieffer syndrome and 1 (4%) had Shaethre Chotzen syndrome. Patients with syndromic craniosynostosis were more likely to present with all types and severity of hearing loss, including severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss while children with non-syndromic craniosynostosis were likely to present with normal hearing (p p 

  19. Nagendrababu V, Kishen A, Murray PE, Nekoofar MH, de Figueiredo JAP, Priya E, et al.
    Int Endod J, 2019 Sep;52(9):1290-1296.
    PMID: 30985938 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13125
    The regulated use of animals in endodontic research is often necessary to investigate the biological mechanisms of endodontic diseases and to measure the preclinical efficacy, biocompatibility, toxicology and safety of new treatments, biomaterials, sealers, drugs, disinfectants, irrigants, devices and instruments. Animal testing is most crucial in situations when research on humans is not ethical, practical or has unknown health risks. Currently, there is a wide variability in the quality of manuscripts that report the results of animal studies. Towards the goal of improving the quality of publications, guidelines for preventing disability, pain, and suffering to animals, and enhanced reporting requirements for animal research have been developed. These guidelines are referred to as Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE). Henceforth, causing any form of animal suffering for research purposes is not acceptable and cannot be justified under any circumstances. The present report describes a protocol for the development of welfare and reporting guidelines for animal studies conducted in the specialty of Endodontology: the Preferred Reporting Items for Animal Studies in Endodontology (PRIASE) guidelines. The PRIASE guidelines will be developed by adapting and modifying the ARRIVE guidelines and the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publication (CLIP) principles. The development of the new PRIASE guidelines will include a five-step consensus process. An initial draft of the PRIASE guidelines will be developed by a steering committee. Each item in the draft guidelines will then be evaluated by members of a PRIASE Delphi Group (PDG) for its clarity using a dichotomous scale (yes or no) and suitability for its inclusion using a 9-point Likert scale. The online surveys will continue until each item achieves this standard, and a set of items are agreed for further analysis by a PRIASE Face-to-face Consensus Meeting Group (PFCMG). Following the consensus meeting, the steering committee will finalize and confirm the PRIASE guidelines taking into account the responses and comments of the PFCMG. The PRIASE guidelines will be published and disseminated internationally and updated periodically based on feedback from stakeholders.
  20. Nagendrababu V, Kishen A, Murray PE, Nekoofar MH, de Figueiredo JAP, Priya E, et al.
    Int Endod J, 2021 Jun;54(6):848-857.
    PMID: 33450080 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13477
    Animal testing is crucial in situations when research on humans is not allowed because of unknown health risks and ethical concerns. The current project aims to develop reporting guidelines exclusively for animal studies in Endodontology, using an established consensus-based methodology. The guidelines have been named: Preferred Reporting Items for Animal Studies in Endodontology (PRIASE) 2021. Nine individuals (PD, VN, AK, PM, MN, JF, EP, JJ and SJ), including the project leaders (PD, VN) formed a steering committee. The steering committee developed a novel checklist by adapting and integrating their animal testing and peer review experience with the Animals in Research: Reporting In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines and also the Clinical and Laboratory Images in Publications (CLIP) principles. A PRIASE Delphi Group (PDG) and PRIASE Online Meeting Group (POMG) were also formed. Thirty-one PDG members participated in the online Delphi process and achieved consensus on the checklist items and flowchart that were used to formulate the PRIASE guidelines. The novel PRIASE 2021 guidelines were discussed with the POMG on 9 September 2020 via a Zoom online video call attended by 21 individuals from across the globe and seven steering committee members. Following the discussions, the guidelines were modified and then piloted by several authors whilst writing a manuscript involving research on animals. The PRIASE 2021 guidelines are a checklist consisting of 11 domains and 43 individual items together with a flowchart. The PRIASE 2021 guidelines are focused on improving the methodological principles, reproducibility and quality of animal studies in order to enhance their reliability as well as repeatability to estimate the effects of endodontic treatments and usefulness for guiding future clinical studies on humans.
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