Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 1065 in total

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  1. Merican I
    Med J Malaysia, 1996 Mar;51(1):12-7.
    PMID: 10967973
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the commonest cancers in Asian males. In Malaysia, it is one of the ten most common cancers amongst the male population. Most of our patients with HCC present to us rather late and almost all die within 4 months of diagnosis. HCC occurs more commonly in patients with cirrhosis associated with hepatitis B and C infections. Screening for HCC can lead to early detection of small tumours (< 5 cm) that are more amenable to surgical resection, resulting in improved survival rates. The average 5-year survival rate for those who have undergone surgical resection is 68% (range, 22-73%). Better results are obtained with the smaller tumours (< 2 cm in diameter). Patients with chronic hepatitis B and C infection especially those who are > 45 years of age, who have concomitant cirrhosis or have a family history of HCC should be examined every 3-6 months with periodic serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) measurements and abdominal ultrasound examinations. Abdominal ultrasound is useful in the detection of small tumours. While mass screening for HCC is not cost-effective in countries of low incidence of HCC, screening of high risk groups may be justified in countries with a high endemicity of HBV infection. Screening for HCC in Japan, Taiwan and China appears to yield better results than those in the West. Nonetheless, primary prevention with mass hepatitis B vaccination and blood donor screening for anti-HCV is expected to make a much greater impact in the control of HCC in the years to come.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis*
  2. Pathmanathan R, Kan SP
    Med J Malaysia, 1987 Sep;42(3):212-4.
    PMID: 3147362
    The first two cases of human muscular sarcocystosis are reported from East Malaysia, in Sabalt and Sarawak respectively. Sarcocysts were seen iin biopsied specimen from the nasopharynx of both patients who had carcinoma of the nasopharynx. The measurements and appearances of the cysts and the zoites within the cysts were compared with the human cases of sarcocystosis previously reported in West Malaysia. Zoonotic and other aspects of these cases of East Malaysian sarcocystosis are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/pathology*
  3. Gopalan KN, Primuharsa Putra SHA, Kenali MS
    Med J Malaysia, 2003 Oct;58(4):617-20.
    PMID: 15190642
    Carcinoma of the tongue remain one of the greatest management challenges for the head and neck surgeon because of the adverse effects of treatment on oral and pharyngeal function. In early carcinoma of the base of tongue however, the prognosis is encouraging and function of swallowing and speech is preserved despite surgery. Suprahyoid pharyngotomy is one of the surgical approaches advocated for resection of base of tongue tumours with primary anastomosis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/surgery*
  4. Yip CH, Taib NA, Tan GH, Ng KL, Yoong BK, Choo WY
    World J Surg, 2009 Jan;33(1):54-7.
    PMID: 18958521 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-008-9782-7
    Axillary nodal status is one of the most important prognostic factors in breast cancer. In the present study we used it to determine the predictors of axillary lymph node metastases in breast cancer and to determine if there is a group of patients in whom minimal axillary surgery is indicated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/ethnology; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/secondary*; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery; Carcinoma, Lobular/ethnology; Carcinoma, Lobular/secondary*; Carcinoma, Lobular/surgery
  5. Ghaibeh AA, Kasem A, Ng XJ, Nair HLK, Hirose J, Thiruchelvam V
    Stud Health Technol Inform, 2018;247:386-390.
    PMID: 29677988
    The analysis of Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is attracting a lot of research attention in the medical informatics domain. Hospitals and medical institutes started to use data mining techniques to gain new insights from the massive amounts of data that can be made available through EHRs. Researchers in the medical field have often used descriptive statistics and classical statistical methods to prove assumed medical hypotheses. However, discovering new insights from large amounts of data solely based on experts' observations is difficult. Using data mining techniques and visualizations, practitioners can find hidden knowledge, identify interesting patterns, or formulate new hypotheses to be further investigated. This paper describes a work in progress on using data mining methods to analyze clinical data of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) cancer patients. NPC is the fifth most common cancer among Malaysians, and the data analyzed in this study was collected from three states in Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Sabah and Sarawak), and is considered to be the largest up-to-date dataset of its kind. This research is addressing the issue of cancer recurrence after the completion of radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment. We describe the procedure, problems, and insights gained during the process.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/therapy*
  6. Sallapan S, Abu Bakar NZ, Jarmin R, Masir N, Mohammed F
    Malays J Pathol, 2018 Dec;40(3):359-371.
    PMID: 30580370
    INTRODUCTION: Primary pancreatic lymphomas are extremely rare. Clinically, primary pancreatic lymphoma mimics symptoms of carcinoma of the pancreatic head. Clinical and radiological features may overlap with other pancreatic conditions such as carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumours and autoimmune pancreatitis.

    CASE REPORT: We report a case of a 75-year-old man who presented with symptoms of obstructive jaundice. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) showed an ill-defined lobulated soft tissue lesion at the head/uncinate process of the pancreas measuring 4.5 x 4.9 x 5.8 cm. The patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for suspected pancreatic head/uncinate process carcinoma. Histopathology and immunohistochemical assessment of the pancreatic lesion established the diagnosis of a low-grade follicular lymphoma.

    DISCUSSION: Clinical and imaging features of primary pancreatic lymphoma may often overlap with pancreatic carcinoma. There is a value of obtaining preoperative tissue diagnosis such as tissue biopsy and fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology with or without flow cytometry to make an accurate diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and alleviate the need of more radical surgery in pancreatic lymphoma.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma/pathology*
  7. Kanneppady, Sham Kishor, Sakri, Santosh B., Chatra, Laxmikanth, Prashanth, Shenoy K.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2010;31(2):79-83.
    MyJurnal
    Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignant tumor that arises within secretary glands, most commonly the major and minor salivary glands. It has a tendency for a prolonged clinical course, perineural invasion, with local recurrences and distant metastases. The three recognized histopathologic pattern of ACC are cribriform, tubular, and solid with the cribriform being most common. Standard treatment for salivary gland ACC is surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. We report a case of ACC of palate in a 30-year-old female and review the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic
  8. TOCK PC
    Med J Malaya, 1962 Mar;16:219-24.
    PMID: 13921481
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Giant Cell*
  9. YEOH GS
    Med J Malaya, 1954 Jun;8(4):351-7.
    PMID: 13193273
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Papillary*
  10. Al-Yahya, S.N., Marina, M.B., Lye, M.H., Loo, C.P.
    MyJurnal
    Thyroglossal duct cyst is the most common upper neck midline lesion in children. Approximately 1% of
    thyroglossal duct cyst undergoes malignant transformation. Calcification which is a marker of malignancy
    almost always points out to papillary thyroid carcinoma. Benign case of calcified thyroglossal cyst maybe
    undiagnosed or under reported. We report a case of a 5 year old girl with a benign calcified thyroglossal
    duct cyst, a fourth case in world literature. Here the differences between a benign and malignant
    thyroglossal duct cyst are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma; Carcinoma, Papillary
  11. Kavitha Nagandla, Sharifah Sulaiha, Sivalingam Nalliah, Norfadzilah Mohd Yusof
    MyJurnal
    Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the female
    reproductive tract are a heterogeneous group of rare
    neoplasms posing both diagnostic and therapeutic
    challenges. The recent classification by WHO
    includes neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) and
    neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). NECs are the poorly
    differentiated small cell carcinoma (SCNEC) and
    large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC), while
    well-differentiated NETs include typical carcinoids
    (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC). Majority of
    these tumours have an aggressive clinical course and
    published data is supportive of multi-modal therapeutic
    strategies. Etoposide/platinum based chemotherapy is
    commonly advocated. Histopathological categorisation
    and diagnosis are paramount to guide therapy.
    Well-differentiated carcinoid and atypical
    carcinoid tumours should be managed similar to
    gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours.
    This review discusses the current classification, clinicpathologic
    characteristics and advances in the diagnostic
    evaluation and the treatment options of neuroendocrine
    carcinoma of the cervix.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Carcinoma, Small Cell
  12. Abdul Hakim MS, Azmi AN, Jayalakshmi P, Mahadeva S
    J Gastrointest Cancer, 2018 Sep;49(3):346-348.
    PMID: 28066868 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-016-9913-6
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/secondary*
  13. Jamaris S, Akpolat-Basci L, Stephanou M, Wetzig S, Cubuk Y, Gerharz J, et al.
    Breast care (Basel, Switzerland), 2019 Oct;14(5):302-307.
    PMID: 31798390 DOI: 10.1159/000493017
    Background: Significant re-excision rates in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy may result from difficulties in defining the surgical target particularly in cases with excellent treatment response. Devices allowing an exact topographic localisation of the lesion in the resected tissue could reduce re-excision rates by optimising the intraoperative detection of involved margins.

    Methods: 80 patients with invasive breast cancer receiving BCS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were included in this non-randomized case-control study. 40 patients with specimen radiography performed in a standard approach (control group) were compared to 40 patients with use of a radiopaque tissue transfer system (study group).

    Results: 19/80 (23.75%) patients required re-excision because of involved margins; among those, 14/40 (35%) were in the control group and 5/40 (12.5%) in the study group. The association between the use of the radiopaque tissue transfer system and the lower re-excision rate was statistically significant (p = 0.023).

    Conclusion: Our analysis provides a rationale for the routine use of a radiopaque tissue transfer system for specimen radiography in BCS after neoadjuvant chemotherapy for invasive breast cancer in order to reduce re-excision rates.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast
  14. Engku Nasrullah Satiman EAF, Ahmad H, Ramzi AB, Abdul Wahab R, Kaderi MA, Wan Harun WHA, et al.
    J Oral Pathol Med, 2020 Oct;49(9):835-841.
    PMID: 32170981 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13014
    Oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with many known risk factors including tobacco smoking, chronic alcoholism, poor oral hygiene, unhealthy dietary habits and microbial infection. Previous studies have highlighted Candida albicans host tissue infection as a risk factor in the initiation and progression of oral cancer. C albicans invasion induces several cancerous hallmarks, such as activation of proto-oncogenes, induction of DNA damage and overexpression of inflammatory signalling pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these responses remain unclear. A recently discovered fungal toxin peptide, candidalysin, has been reported as an essential molecule in epithelial damage and host recognition of C albicans infection. Candidalysin has a clear role in inflammasome activation and induction of cell damage. Several inflammatory molecules such as IL-6, IL-17, NLRP3 and GM-CSF have been linked to carcinogenesis. Candidalysin is encoded by the ECE1 gene, which has been linked to virulence factors of C albicans such as adhesion, biofilm formation and filamentation properties. This review discusses the recent epidemiological burden of oral cancer and highlights the significance of the ECE1 gene and the ECE1 protein breakdown product, candidalysin in oral malignancy. The immunological and molecular mechanisms behind oral malignancy induced by inflammation and the role of the toxic fungal peptide candidalysin in oral carcinogenesis are explored. With increasing evidence associating C albicans with oral carcinoma, identifying the possible fungal pathogenicity factors including the role of candidalysin can assist in efforts to understand the link between C albicans infection and carcinogenesis, and pave the way for research into therapeutic potentials.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*
  15. Wan Sohaimi WF, Lee YF, Mat Nawi N, Mohd Rohani MF, Sapiai NA
    Indian J Surg Oncol, 2019 Dec;10(4):676-678.
    PMID: 31857764 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-019-00977-8
    We report a unique case of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) with squamous metaplasia complicated with chronic discharging ulcer. A 76-year-old gentleman was referred to us after defaulted treatment 1 year post-total thyroidectomy. He presented to us with long-standing chronic, non-healing, ulcerative and discharging wound at the anterior neck at previous total thyroidectomy scar. The primary tumour was histologically diagnosed as papillary malignant cells with extensive squamous metaplasia. Squamous metaplasia is a rare finding in thyroid carcinoma that carried a poorer prognostic factor.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Papillary; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
  16. Tegginamani AS, Shivakumar VH, Ismail SMB, Abraham MT, Fernandes BA, Zamzuri ATB
    J Coll Physicians Surg Pak, 2022 Feb;32(2):256-258.
    PMID: 35108805 DOI: 10.29271/jcpsp.2022.02.256
    Oral leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant oral disorder. Oral leukoplakia's malignant potential is independent of the histopathological grade, and the malignant transformation rate varies greatly from 3% to 50% even in the case of severe epithelial dysplasia. Ethnic & environmental variables may contribute to this variation. C-kit immunohistochemistry was performed on 15 oral leukoplakia (OL), two oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and two dentigerous cysts (DC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the c-kit expression in oral leukoplakia. The use of various immunohistochemical markers to differentiate between OLs with a high and low risk of malignant transformation has been investigated. Only four OL exhibited a faint cytoplasmic expression in basal cells. Whereas, OSCC and DC were devoid of c-kit expression. Thus, this may not be a unique marker for identifying OL at high-risk. Further research with larger sample size is required. Key Words: CD 117, Disease progression, Oral dysplasia, Oral leukoplakia, Risk prediction.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell*
  17. Lim D, Tan CC, Tilakaratne WM, Goh YC
    Braz J Otorhinolaryngol, 2021 02 27;88(1):118-129.
    PMID: 33715971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.01.007
    INTRODUCTION: Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was a new addition to the list of head and neck tumors by World Health Organization in 2017. This lesion has scarcely been reported and a lack of pathognomonic markers for diagnosis exists.

    OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to summarize findings from the available literature to provide up-to-date information on sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma and to analyse clinical, radiological, and histopathological features to obtain information for and against as an odontogenic malignancy.

    METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive review of literature by searching Pubmed, EBSCO and Web of Science databases, according to PRISMA guidelines. All the cases reported as sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma in English were included. Data retrieved from the articles were gender, age, clinical features, site, relevant medical history, radiographical findings, histopathological findings, immunohistochemical findings, treatments provided and prognosis.

    RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis of sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was 54.4 years with a very slight female predilection. Sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was commonly reported in the mandible as an expansile swelling which can be asymptomatic or associated with pain or paraesthesia. They appeared radiolucent with cortical resorption in radiograph evaluation. Histologically, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma was composed of epithelioid cells in dense, fibrous, or sclerotic stroma with equivocal perineural invasion. Mild cellular atypia and inconspicuous mitotic activity were observed. There is no specific immunohistochemical marker for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. AE1/AE3, CK 5/6, CK 14, CK19, p63 and E-cadherin were the widely expressed markers for sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma. Surgical resection was the main treatment provided with no recurrence in most cases. No cases of metastasis were reported.

    CONCLUSION: From the literature available, sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma is justifiable as a malignant tumor with no or unknown metastatic potential which can be adequately treated with surgical resection. However, there is insufficient evidence for histological grading or degree of malignancy of this tumor.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma*
  18. Cheng JY, Samudram H, Lee Lai Ling C, Nadarajan VS
    Transfus Med, 2022 Dec;32(6):484-491.
    PMID: 36239101 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12924
    OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance and utility of a time-temperature indicator (TTI) to determine the cumulative exposure time (CET) of red cell components (RCC) to temperatures above 10°C occurring within and outside the transfusion laboratory.

    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Blood centres often use the '30 or 60-min rule' for accepting RCC exposed to room temperature (RT) back into inventory. Effective monitoring of these temperature deviations is however lacking.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Timestrip PLUS® TP153 10°C (TS + 10) TTI was attached to RCC units after preparation of the unit in the blood bank or on issue to the ward, to track the CET > 10°C during laboratory processing and outside the transfusion laboratory.

    RESULTS: The mean CET of 153 RCC tracked within the laboratory was 56 min. Sixty-four (41.8%) and 34 (22.2%) of RCC had core temperature (CT) >10°C for more than 30 and 60 min, respectively. Among the 69 RCC that were returned unused, 27 (39.1%), 17 (24.6%) and 5 (7.2%) RCC units had CT >10°C for more than 30, 60 and 120 min respectively.

    CONCLUSION: A large proportion of RCC have CT >10°C exceeding 30 min during handling within the transfusion laboratory, as well as when RCC are returned unused from transfusion locations. Corrective measures should be implemented to better manage the cold chain to avoid undesirable consequences to blood transfusion. A temperature sensitive device that can also indicate CET can be employed to objectively monitor the period that RCC remained at a CT that exceeds 10°C.

    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Renal Cell*
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