Displaying publications 101 - 120 of 149 in total

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  1. Fulltext Does the pre-operative value of serum CA15-3 correlate with survival in breast cancer?
    Velaiutham S, Taib NA, Ng KL, Yoong BK, Yip CH
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2008 Jul-Sep;9(3):445-8.
    PMID: 18990019
    INTRODUCTION: CA15-3 is a well-known tumour marker for breast cancer. Currently it is not recommended for screening or diagnosis of breast cancer and its main application is in monitoring response to treatment in women with metastatic breast cancer. The aim of this study was to correlate serum CA15-3 at presentation with the stage of disease and overall survival in women with breast cancer in the University Malaya Medical Centre.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 437 women who had CA15-3 levels determined at initial presentation of breast cancer to UMMC between Jan 1999 and Oct 2003.

    RESULTS: Of those patients who were adequately staged, CA15-3 was found to be elevated (defined as >51 U/ml) in 0% of Stage 1, 7.9% of Stage 2, 36.7% of Stage 3 and 68.6% of Stage 4 cases. In a subset of 331 patients with survival data, patients with normal CA15-3 had a 85% five year overall survival rate compared to 38% in their counterparts with elevation of the tumor marker. The level of elevation was also significantly related to survival; patients with values more than 200 U/ml exhibited only a 28% five year survival. The association of elevated CA15-3 at initial presentation with poor outcome was maintained over univariate and multivariate analyses.

    CONCLUSION: Estimation of CA15-3 at presentation of breast cancer is important as it is an independent prognostic indicator and may prompt the physician to investigate for metastases if elevated.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/blood
  2. Fulltext Epstein-Barr virus latent membrane protein-1 (LMP-1) 30-bp deletion and Xho I-loss is associated with type III nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Malaysia
    See HS, Yap YY, Yip WK, Seow HF
    World J Surg Oncol, 2008;6:18.
    PMID: 18275617 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-6-18
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a human epithelial tumour with high prevalence amongst Chinese in Southern China and South East Asia and is associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The viral genome harbours an oncogene, namely, the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) gene and known variants such as the 30-bp deletion and loss of XhoI restriction site have been found. Less is known about the relationship between these variants and the population characteristics and histological type.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood
  3. Fulltext A combined case of macroprolactinoma, growth hormone excess and Graves' disease
    Hussein Z, Tress B, Colman PG
    Med J Malaysia, 2005 Jun;60(2):232-6.
    PMID: 16114168
    Thyrotoxicosis due to Graves disease is a relatively common endocrine disorder. The occurrence of a prolactinoma with co-secretion of growth hormone (GH) is on the other hand, rare. We report the rare co-existence of Graves' disease in a patient with macroprolactinoma and GH hypersecretion and describe the successful response to medical therapy with dopamine agonist and antithyroid therapy. We hypothesize that hyperprolactinaemia played a role in promoting autoimmune thyroid disease in our patient and that treatment of hyperprolactinaemia may have been important in suppressing autoimmune disease activity in Graves' disease. This case also reflects on the close and complex interactions between thyroid hormones, prolactin (PRL), GH and testosterone (T).
    Matched MeSH terms: Pituitary Neoplasms/blood
  4. Fulltext Unmasking Heavily O-Glycosylated Serum Proteins Using Perchloric Acid: Identification of Serum Proteoglycan 4 and Protease C1 Inhibitor as Molecular Indicators for Screening of Breast Cancer
    Lee CS, Taib NA, Ashrafzadeh A, Fadzli F, Harun F, Rahmat K, et al.
    PLoS One, 2016;11(2):e0149551.
    PMID: 26890881 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149551
    Heavily glycosylated mucin glycopeptides such as CA 27.29 and CA 15-3 are currently being used as biomarkers for detection and monitoring of breast cancer. However, they are not well detected at the early stages of the cancer. In the present study, perchloric acid (PCA) was used to enhance detection of mucin-type O-glycosylated proteins in the serum in an attempt to identify new biomarkers for early stage breast cancer. Sensitivity and specificity of an earlier developed sandwich enzyme-linked lectin assay were significantly improved with the use of serum PCA isolates. When a pilot case-control study was performed using the serum PCA isolates of normal participants (n = 105) and patients with stage 0 (n = 31) and stage I (n = 48) breast cancer, higher levels of total O-glycosylated proteins in sera of both groups of early stage breast cancer patients compared to the normal control women were demonstrated. Further analysis by gel-based proteomics detected significant inverse altered abundance of proteoglycan 4 and plasma protease C1 inhibitor in both the early stages of breast cancer patients compared to the controls. Our data suggests that the ratio of serum proteoglycan 4 to protease C1 inhibitor may be used for screening of early breast cancer although this requires further validation in clinically representative populations.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/blood*
  5. Correlation of Arsenic Levels in Smokeless Tobacco Products and Biological Samples of Oral Cancer Patients and Control Consumers
    Arain SS, Kazi TG, Afridi HI, Talpur FN, Kazi AG, Brahman KD, et al.
    Biol Trace Elem Res, 2015 Dec;168(2):287-95.
    PMID: 25975948 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0355-y
    It has been extensively reported that chewing of smokeless tobacco (SLT) can lead to cancers of oral cavity. In present study, the relationship between arsenic (As) exposure via chewing/inhaling different SLT products in oral cancer patients have or/not consumed SLT products was studied. The As in different types of SLT products (gutkha, mainpuri, and snuff) and biological (scalp hair and blood) samples of different types of oral cancer patients and controls were analyzed. Both controls and oral cancer patients have same age group (ranged 30-60 years), socio-economic status, localities, and dietary habits. The concentrations of As in SLT products and biological samples were measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometer after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked by certified reference materials. The resulted data of present study indicates that the concentration of As was significantly higher in scalp hair and blood samples of oral cancer patients than those of controls (p<0.001). It was also observed that the values of As were two- to threefolds higher in biological samples of controls subjects, consuming SLT products as compared to those have none of these habits (p>0.01). The intake of As via consuming different SLT may have synergistic effects, in addition to other risk factors associated with oral cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/blood*
  6. The effects of HAART on the expression of MUC1 and P65 in a cervical cancer cell line, HCS-2
    Thabethe KR, Adefolaju GA, Hosie MJ
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2015 Apr;71:227-32.
    PMID: 25960241 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.03.001
    Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer globally and it is one of three AIDS defining malignancies. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is a combination of three or more antiretroviral drugs and has been shown to play a significant role in reducing the incidence of some AIDS defining malignancies, although its effect on cervical cancer is still unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cervical cancer and HAART. This was achieved by studying the expression of two signalling molecules expressed in cervical cancer; MUC1 and P65. Following the 24-hour treatment of a cervical cancer cell line, HCS-2, with drugs, which are commonly used as part of HAART at their clinical plasma concentrations, real-time qPCR and immunofluorescence were used in order to study gene and protein expression. A one-way ANOVA followed by a Tukey-Kramer post-hoc test was conducted using JMP 11 software on both sets of data. The drug classified as a protease inhibitor (PI) (i.e. LPV/r) reduced MUC1 and P65 gene and protein expression more than the other drug tested. PIs are known to play a significant role in cell death; therefore, the cells were thought to be more susceptible to cell death following treatment with PIs. In conclusion, the drugs used, especially the PI showed some anticancer effects by facilitating cell death through decreased gene and protein expression of MUC1 and P65 and present promising agents for cancer treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/blood
  7. Serum IgA cross-reactivity between glycine-alanine repeat sequence of EBNA-1 and keratin or collagen in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Mathew A, Cheng HM, Sam CK, Prasad U
    Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1994 May;71(2):164-8.
    PMID: 7514112
    Inhibition studies were carried out to study possible cross-reactivity between a peptide fragment of the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen, EBNA-1, and keratin/collagen. The 20-amino acid peptide (pAG), derived from a glycine-alanine repeat region of EBNA-1, uniquely makes up about one-third of the viral protein and is a dominant IgA antigenic epitope in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A small percentage of normal human sera (NHS) also binds pAG and this reactivity is examined in this study. Ten percent (2/20) and 13.4% (2/15) of IgA-pAG-positive NPC sera and NHS, respectively, were significantly inhibited by keratin in a competitive ELISA system. Conversely, 31.6% (6/19) and 30.8% (4/13) of IgA-keratin-positive NPC sera and NHS, respectively, were significantly inhibited by pAG. This indicated minimum cross-reactivity between IgA serum antibodies to EBNA-1 and keratin. Using collagen as inhibitor, none of 18 and only 2/13 IgA-pAG-positive NPC sera and NHS, respectively, were inhibited. In the collagen ELISA system, only 2/19 (10.5%) and 4/25 (16%) of IgA-collagen-positive NPC sera and NHS, respectively, were inhibited with pAG. Therefore, cross-reactivity with collagen was also low. IgA-pAG-positive NHS may therefore not be a false positive phenomenon, but whether it may represent an early serological profile related to NPC carcinogenesis remains to be determined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood
  8. Retinopathy in acute leukaemia at initial diagnosis: correlation of fundus lesions and haematological parameters
    Reddy SC, Jackson N
    Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 2004 Feb;82(1):81-5.
    PMID: 14738490
    PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of retinal changes in newly diagnosed acute leukaemia patients, and to establish the relationship between retinal lesions and haematological parameters in these patients.

    METHODS: A total of 127 patients with acute leukaemia (myeloid and lymphoid), of both genders, aged between 13 and 77 years, were examined by an ophthalmologist for retinal changes using direct/indirect ophthalmoscopy within 2 days of diagnosis before starting chemotherapy.

    RESULTS: Retinal lesions were seen in 62 cases (49%), with intraretinal haemorrhages being the most common lesion (42%). A high white blood cell count was significantly associated with intraretinal haemorrhages (p = 0.04) and white-centred haemorrhages (p = 0.001), while a low platelet count was significantly associated with intraretinal haemorrhages (p = 0.03) in acute myeloid leukaemia patients.

    CONCLUSIONS: A high white blood cell count may be considered as important as a low platelet count in the pathogenesis of leukaemic retinopathy.

    Matched MeSH terms: Retinal Neoplasms/blood
  9. Fulltext Systematic comparison of plasma EBV DNA, anti-EBV antibodies and miRNA levels for early detection and prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Tan LP, Tan GW, Sivanesan VM, Goh SL, Ng XJ, Lim CS, et al.
    Int J Cancer, 2020 04 15;146(8):2336-2347.
    PMID: 31469434 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32656
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is originated from the epithelial cells of nasopharynx, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated and has the highest incidence and mortality rates in Southeast Asia. Late presentation is a common issue and early detection could be the key to reduce the disease burden. Sensitivity of plasma EBV DNA, an established NPC biomarker, for Stage I NPC is controversial. Most newly reported NPC biomarkers have neither been externally validated nor compared to the established ones. This causes difficulty in planning for cost-effective early detection strategies. Our study systematically evaluated six established and four new biomarkers in NPC cases, population controls and hospital controls. We showed that BamHI-W 76 bp remains the most sensitive plasma biomarker, with 96.7% (29/30), 96.7% (58/60) and 97.4% (226/232) sensitivity to detect Stage I, early stage and all NPC, respectively. Its specificity was 94.2% (113/120) against population controls and 90.4% (113/125) against hospital controls. Diagnostic accuracy of BamHI-W 121 bp and ebv-miR-BART7-3p were validated. Hsa-miR-29a-3p and hsa-miR-103a-3p were not, possibly due to lower number of advanced stage NPC cases included in this subset. Decision tree modeling suggested that combination of BamHI-W 76 bp and VCA IgA or EA IgG may increase the specificity or sensitivity to detect NPC. EBNA1 99 bp could identify NPC patients with poor prognosis in early and advanced stage NPC. Our findings provided evidence for improvement in NPC screening strategies, covering considerations of opportunistic screening, combining biomarkers to increase sensitivity or specificity and testing biomarkers from single sampled specimen to avoid logistic problems of resampling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood*
  10. An Electrochemical Sandwich Immunosensor for the Detection of HER2 using Antibody-Conjugated PbS Quantum Dot as a label
    Lah ZMANH, Ahmad SAA, Zaini MS, Kamarudin MA
    J Pharm Biomed Anal, 2019 Sep 10;174:608-617.
    PMID: 31265987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.024
    A facile electrochemical sandwich immunosensor for the detection of a breast cancer biomarker, the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), was designed, using lead sulfide quantum dots-conjugated secondary HER2 antibody (Ab2-PbS QDs) as a label. Using Ab2-PbS QDs in the development of electrochemical immunoassays leads to many advantages such as straightforward synthesis and well-defined stripping signal of Pb(II) through acid dissolution, which in turn yields better sensing performance for the sandwiched immunosensor. In the bioconjugation of PbS QDs, the available amine and hydroxyl groups from secondary anti-HER2 and capped PbS QDs were bound covalently together via carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) acting as a linker. In order to quantify the biomarker, SWV signal was obtained, where the Pb2+ ions after acid dissolution in HCl was detected. The plated mercury film SPCE was also detected in situ. Under optimal conditions, HER2 was detected in a linear range from 1-100 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 0.28 ng/mL. The measures of satisfactory recoveries were 91.3% to 104.3% for the spiked samples, displaying high selectivity. Therefore, this method can be applied to determine HER2 in human serum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/blood
  11. Fulltext Clinical Use of Programmed Cell Death-1 and Its Ligand Expression as Discriminatory and Predictive Markers in Ovarian Cancer
    Chatterjee J, Dai W, Aziz NHA, Teo PY, Wahba J, Phelps DL, et al.
    Clin Cancer Res, 2017 07 01;23(13):3453-3460.
    PMID: 27986748 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-16-2366
    Purpose: We aimed to establish whether programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, in ovarian cancer tumor tissue and blood, could be used as biomarkers for discrimination of tumor histology and prognosis of ovarian cancer.Experimental Design: Immune cells were separated from blood, ascites, and tumor tissue obtained from women with suspected ovarian cancer and studied for the differential expression of possible immune biomarkers using flow cytometry. PD-L1 expression on tumor-associated inflammatory cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry and tissue microarray. Plasma soluble PD-L1 was measured using sandwich ELISA. The relationships among immune markers were explored using hierarchical cluster analyses.Results: Biomarkers from the discovery cohort that associated with PD-L1+ cells were found. PD-L1+ CD14+ cells and PD-L1+ CD11c+ cells in the monocyte gate showed a distinct expression pattern when comparing benign tumors and epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs)-confirmed in the validation cohort. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed PD-L1+ and PD-L1+ CD14+ cells in the monocyte gate performed better than the well-established tumor marker CA-125 alone. Plasma soluble PD-L1 was elevated in patients with EOC compared with healthy women and patients with benign ovarian tumors. Low total PD-1+ expression on lymphocytes was associated with improved survival.Conclusions: Differential expression of immunological markers relating to the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in blood can be used as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers in EOC. These data have implications for the development and trial of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in ovarian cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3453-60. ©2016 AACR.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ovarian Neoplasms/blood*
  12. Plasma proteome analysis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical squamous cell carcinoma
    Looi ML, Karsani SA, Rahman MA, Dali AZ, Ali SA, Ngah WZ, et al.
    J Biosci, 2009 Dec;34(6):917-25.
    PMID: 20093745
    Although cervical cancer is preventable with early detection, it remains the second most common malignancy among women. An understanding of how proteins change in their expression during a particular diseased state such as cervical cancer will contribute to an understanding of how the disease develops and progresses. Potentially, it may also lead to the ability to predict the occurrence of the disease. With this in mind, we aimed to identify differentially expressed proteins in the plasma of cervical cancer patients. Plasma from control, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 3 and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) stage IV subjects was resolved by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the resulting proteome profiles compared. Differentially expressed protein spots were then identified by mass spectrometry. Eighteen proteins were found to be differentially expressed in the plasma of CIN 3 and SCC stage IV samples when compared with that of controls. Competitive ELISA further validated the expression of cytokeratin 19 and tetranectin. Functional analyses of these differentially expressed proteins will provide further insight into their potential role(s) in cervical cancer-specific monitoring and therapeutics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/blood*
  13. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP1) gene expression is similarly increased in polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer
    Shafiee MN, Mongan N, Seedhouse C, Chapman C, Deen S, Abu J, et al.
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 2017 May;96(5):556-562.
    PMID: 28176325 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.13106
    INTRODUCTION: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome have a three-fold higher risk of endometrial cancer. Insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia may be pertinent factors in the pathogenesis of both conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate endometrial sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 gene expression in polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer endometrium, and to correlate endometrial sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 gene expression with serum lipid profiles.

    MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed at Nottingham University Hospital, UK. A total of 102 women (polycystic ovary syndrome, endometrial cancer and controls; 34 participants in each group) were recruited. Clinical and biochemical assessments were performed before endometrial biopsies were obtained from all participants. Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction for endometrial sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 gene and its systemic protein expression were analyzed.

    RESULTS: The body mass indices of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (29.28 ± 2.91 kg/m(2) ) and controls (28.58 ± 2.62 kg/m(2) ) were not significantly different. Women with endometrial cancer had a higher mean body mass index (32.22 ± 5.70 kg/m(2) ). Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 gene expression was significantly increased in polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial cancer endometrium compared with controls (p 

    Matched MeSH terms: Endometrial Neoplasms/blood
  14. Cerebral metastases from choriocarcinoma. Results of chemotherapy
    Sen DK, Sivanesaratnam V, Chuah CY, Ch'ng SL, Singh J, Paramsothy M
    Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand, 1987;66(5):425-8.
    PMID: 3425244
    Of 36 cases of choriocarcinoma treated at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur during 1980-84 inclusive, 6 patients were found to have cerebral metastases. Intrathecal methotrexate and combination chemotherapy were started in all cases, with monitoring of tumor growth by serial beta-HCG assays and CT scanning of brain and lung. Chemotherapy was reduced because of severe toxicity in 2 patients, one of whom received radiotherapy to the brain. Four patients (66%) have now been in remission for 2.5-6 years. Two did not respond to therapy and died. The factors involved in therapy and response are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Neoplasms/blood
  15. Alpha-Fetoprotein levels in normal males from seven ethnic groups with different hepatocellular carcinoma risks
    Sizaret P, Tuyns A, Martel N, Jouvenceaux A, Levin A, Ong YW, et al.
    Ann N Y Acad Sci, 1975 Aug 22;259:136-55.
    PMID: 54017
    Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) levels of 1,335 males (15 years and older) of seven ethnic groups (Chinese, Indians, and Malays from Singapore, Caucasians from Lyon, and Blacks from Nairobi, forest, and the savanna region of the Ivory Coast) were determined by radioimmunoassay. A few elevated levels (up to 30 nanounits/ml) were detected in some normal individuals, especially in the older age-groups. In addition, there was a systematic age-dependency of AFP levels particularly evident in the groups from Singapore-Lyon, in which there was a 50% AFP increase between the ages of 20 and 40. Comparison between Africans on the one hand and people from Singapore-Lyon on the other hand revealed highly significant differences (p less than 0.001), especially in the younger groups, whereas Chinese, Malays, and Indians from Singapore had very similar AFP pattern; this suggests an important role for environmental factors in the regulation of AFP levels. The age dependency of the presumed effect of environmental factors is in keeping with experimental data showing that young animals respond more vigorously to AFP-stimulating factors. Although the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) differs in the three Singapore groups (the highest in Chinese and the lowest in Indians), no relationship was observed in this study between mean AFP level and HCC incidence in Singapore.
    Matched MeSH terms: Liver Neoplasms/blood*
  16. Identification of potential glycoprotein biomarkers in oral squamous cell carcinoma using sweet strategies
    Wong YL, Anand R, Yuen KM, Mustafa WMW, Abraham MT, Tay KK, et al.
    Glycoconj J, 2021 02;38(1):1-11.
    PMID: 33547992 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-021-09973-z
    The prevalence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is high in South and Southeast Asia regions. Most OSCC patients are detected at advanced stages low 5-year survival rates. Aberrant expression of glycosylated proteins was found to be associated with malignant transformation and cancer progression. Hence, identification of cancer-associated glycoproteins could be used as potential biomarkers that are beneficial for diagnosis or clinical management of patients. This study aims to identify the differentially expressed glycoproteins using lectin-based glycoproteomics approaches. Serum samples of 40 patients with OSCC, 10 patients with oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD), and 10 healthy individuals as control group were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with lectin Concanavalin A and Jacalin that specifically bind to N- and O-glycosylated proteins, respectively. Five differentially expressed N- and O-glycoproteins with various potential glycosylation sites were identified, namely N-glycosylated α1-antitrypsin (AAT), α2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG), apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1), and haptoglobin (HP); as well as O-glycosylated AHSG and clusterin (CLU). Among them, AAT and APOA1 were further validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (n = 120). It was found that AAT and APOA1 are significantly upregulated in OSCC and these glycoproteins are independent risk factors of OSCC. The clinical utility of AAT and APOA1 as potential biomarkers of OSCC is needed for further evaluation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Mouth Neoplasms/blood*
  17. Fulltext Exacerbation of colon carcinogenesis by Blastocystis sp
    Kumarasamy V, Kuppusamy UR, Jayalakshmi P, Samudi C, Ragavan ND, Kumar S
    PLoS One, 2017;12(8):e0183097.
    PMID: 28859095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183097
    Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and the number is increasing every year. Despite advances in screening programs, CRC remains as the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Oxidative stress plays an important role in the molecular mechanisms of colorectal cancer (CRC) and has been shown to be associated with Blastocystis sp., a common intestinal microorganism. In the present study, we aimed to identify a role for Blastocystis sp. in exacerbating carcinogenesis using in vivo rat model. Methylene blue staining was used to identify colonic aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and adenomas formation in infected rats whilst elevation of oxidative stress biomarker levels in the urine and serum samples were evaluated using biochemical assays. Histological changes of the intestinal mucosa were observed and a significant number of ACF was found in Blastocystis sp. infected AOM-rats compared to the AOM-controls. High levels of urinary oxidative indices including advanced oxidative protein products (AOPP) and hydrogen peroxide were observed in Blastocystis sp. infected AOM-rats compared to the uninfected AOM-rats. Our study provides evidence that Blastocystis sp. has a significant role in enhancing AOM-induced carcinogenesis by resulting damage to the intestinal epithelium and promoting oxidative damage in Blastocystis sp. infected rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Colorectal Neoplasms/blood
  18. A Review on the Effects of Androgen Deprivation Therapy (ADT) on Bone Health Status in Men with Prostate Cancer
    Mohamad NV, Soelaiman IN, Chin KY
    Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 2017 Nov 16;17(4):276-284.
    PMID: 28925899 DOI: 10.2174/1871530317666170919112757
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancer in men, which causes significant mortality among the patients. Since prostate cancer cells are stimulated by androgen, effective androgen ablation in men is one of the essential strategies in the management of prostate cancer.

    DISCUSSION: Several treatment options are available for different stages of prostate cancer. Hormone therapy known as androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first line treatment used to treat advanced prostate cancer. Chemical castration by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists suppresses lutenizing hormone production, which in turn inhibits the production of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. This will prevent the growth of prostate cancer cells. However, ADT causes deleterious effects on bone health because the androgens are essential in preserving optimal bone health in men.

    CONCLUSION: Various observational studies showed that long-term ADT for advanced or metastatic prostate cancer was associated with decreased bone mineral density, as well as altered body composition that might affect bone health. Considering the potential impact of osteoporotic fracture, interventions to mitigate these skeletal adverse effects should be considered by physicians when initiating ADT on their patients.

    Matched MeSH terms: Prostatic Neoplasms/blood
  19. Fulltext Evaluation of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA load as a prognostic marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    Tan EL, Looi LM, Sam CK
    Singapore Med J, 2006 Sep;47(9):803-7.
    PMID: 16924363
    Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an important cancer in Malaysia and is one of the major causes of cancer mortality in this country. This study evaluates the diagnostic and prognostic values in the quantitative relationship between the cell-free Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) load and the tumour burden.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms/blood
  20. Fulltext An Overview of In Vitro, In Vivo, and Computational Techniques for Cancer-Associated Angiogenesis Studies
    Rahman HS, Tan BL, Othman HH, Chartrand MS, Pathak Y, Mohan S, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2020;2020:8857428.
    PMID: 33381591 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8857428
    Angiogenesis is a crucial area in scientific research because it involves many important physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, angiogenesis is critical for normal physiological processes, including wound healing and embryonic development, as well as being a component of many disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and diabetic retinopathies. Investigations of angiogenic mechanisms require assays that can activate the critical steps of angiogenesis as well as provide a tool for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Thus, angiogenesis assays are key tools for studying the mechanisms of angiogenesis and identifying the potential therapeutic strategies to modulate neovascularization. However, the regulation of angiogenesis is highly complex and not fully understood. Difficulties in assessing the regulators of angiogenic response have necessitated the development of an alternative approach. In this paper, we review the standard models for the study of tumor angiogenesis on the macroscopic scale that include in vitro, in vivo, and computational models. We also highlight the differences in several modeling approaches and describe key advances in understanding the computational models that contributed to the knowledge base of the field.
    Matched MeSH terms: Neoplasms/blood supply*
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