Affiliations 

  • 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, 46001 Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 3 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sulaimani, 46001 Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  • 4 DigiCare Behavioral Research, Casa Grande, Arizona, USA
  • 5 College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA and Adjunct Professor at Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
  • 6 Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  • 7 Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
  • 8 Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Bio-Molecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
Biomed Res Int, 2020;2020:8857428.
PMID: 33381591 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8857428

Abstract

Angiogenesis is a crucial area in scientific research because it involves many important physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, angiogenesis is critical for normal physiological processes, including wound healing and embryonic development, as well as being a component of many disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, obesity, and diabetic retinopathies. Investigations of angiogenic mechanisms require assays that can activate the critical steps of angiogenesis as well as provide a tool for assessing the efficacy of therapeutic agents. Thus, angiogenesis assays are key tools for studying the mechanisms of angiogenesis and identifying the potential therapeutic strategies to modulate neovascularization. However, the regulation of angiogenesis is highly complex and not fully understood. Difficulties in assessing the regulators of angiogenic response have necessitated the development of an alternative approach. In this paper, we review the standard models for the study of tumor angiogenesis on the macroscopic scale that include in vitro, in vivo, and computational models. We also highlight the differences in several modeling approaches and describe key advances in understanding the computational models that contributed to the knowledge base of the field.

* Title and MeSH Headings from MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.