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Sleep Deprivation and Its Associated Factors Among Undergraduate Students in Malaysia

Naito R, Yun Low W, Wan Yuen C

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2021 07;33(5):530-538.
PMID: 34137287 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211019930

This cross-sectional study examines the prevalence of sleep deprivation and its associated factors among 1017 undergraduate students in Malaysia. Sociodemographic and lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol, dietary habits, Internet/smartphone use, physical activity, and sedentary behavior were assessed. Sleep deprivation was defined as sleeping less than 7 hours in a day. There were almost equal proportions of females (51.0%) and males (49.0%), and the average age was 20.71 ± 1.47 years. Prevalence of sleep deprivation was 58.1% and its associated factors were students in Year 3 and Year 4, Chinese ethnicity, Indian ethnicity, and consuming fast food more than once a week. Understanding the associated lifestyle factors with sleep deprivation among young generation will be beneficial to develop public health policies and programs to tackle the issue.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
Mapping the Malaysian Smoking Cessation Clinics: A Geographic Information System-Based Study

Md Bohari NF, Sabri NF, Wan Rasdi WND, Mohd Radzi NA, Bakri NN

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2020 12 24;33(2-3):227-233.
PMID: 33356376 DOI: 10.1177/1010539520982718

Although geographic information system-based studies are particularly increasing in other sectors, few have embraced their full potential in health services allocation in Malaysia. This study aimed to produce a visual map on the distribution of smoking cessation clinics (SCCs) in Malaysia and analyze its pattern against the national population of smokers. SCC addresses were obtained from the government website and mapped using geographic information system tools. A total of 199 and 449 private and public SCCs was mapped throughout the country, respectively. The lowest SCC to smoker population ratio was in the state of Negeri Sembilan with 1:3000. The highest SCC to smoker population ratio was in Sabah with 1 SCC for 15 000 smokers. Almost 70% of SCCs were primary health clinics. Smoking cessation clinics were distributed throughout all the states in Malaysia except the state of Sabah.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
Prevalence of Obesity and Its Associated Factors Among Malaysian Adults: Finding From the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019

Chong CT, Lai WK, Zainuddin AA, Pardi M, Mohd Sallehuddin S, Ganapathy SS

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2022 Nov;34(8):786-792.
PMID: 36196901 DOI: 10.1177/10105395221129113

In 2016, World Health Organization (WHO) estimated more than 650 million obese adults, resulting in a country's health burden. This study aims to determine the prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among Malaysian adults. A total of 5820 respondents, aged 18 to 59 years, from the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019, were included for the data analysis. The prevalence of obesity was described and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with obesity. The prevalence of obesity among Malaysian adults was 20.1%, based on the findings from this study. Multivariate analyses showed that women, being Malays, Indians, and other Bumiputeras, were significantly associated with a higher risk of obesity. Besides, those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and hypertension were also significantly associated with greater risk of obesity. This information is crucial for policy makers in formulating effective strategies or targeted programs in preventing obesity among Malaysian adults.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
Commuting Accidents and Its Associated Factors Among Public Hospital Nurses in Selangor, Malaysia

Fadzil SS, Bulgiba A

Asia Pac J Public Health, 2024 Jan;36(1):119-122.
PMID: 37864305 DOI: 10.1177/10105395231207234

Commuting accidents account for 48% of work-related accidents in Malaysia. However, commuting accidents among health care workers are understudied and formally reported commuting accident numbers among nurses are likely to be an underestimate of actual numbers. This is the first study in Malaysia to attempt to establish the true incidence and associated factors for commuting accidents among nurses in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the true incidence of commuting accidents and its associated factors among public hospital nurses in Selangor, Malaysia. A validated and pilot-tested self-reported questionnaires were distributed to all nurses via an online-based platform. This study found a significant difference between the incidence of formally reported and self-reported commuting accidents from 2018 to 2022, with incidence rates ranging between 0.3 and 8.6 per 1000 nurses. Multivariable logistic regression showed that nurses working in district hospitals had lower odds to be involved in commuting accidents, while nurses working in clinical departments and traveling longer distances between home and workplaces had increased odds of commuting accidents.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
Fulltext Effects of Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Internet Sleep Hygiene Education on Sleep Quality and Executive Function Among Medical Students in Malaysia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

Mariappan V, Mukhtar F

JMIR Res Protoc, 2024 Dec 11;13:e59288.
PMID: 39661437 DOI: 10.2196/59288

BACKGROUND: Medical students are frequently affected by poor sleep quality. Since poor sleep quality has negative physiological and psychological consequences such as on executive function, there is an opportunity to improve sleep quality and executive functions using non-pharmacological intervention such as cognitive behavioural therapy.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study therefore is to determine if improving sleep quality could improve executive functions in medical students with poor sleep quality by comparing cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with sleep hygiene education (SHE) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).
METHODS: A parallel group, RCT with a target sample of 120 medical students recruited from government-based medical universities in Malaysia. Eligible participants will be randomized to internet group CBT-I or internet group SHE in a 1:1 ratio. Assessments will be performed at baseline, post-intervention, 1 month, 3-months, and 6-months. The primary outcome is between-group differences in sleep quality and executive function post-baseline. The secondary outcomes include pre-sleep worry, attitude about sleep, sleep hygiene and sleep parameters.
RESULTS: This study received approval from the Research Ethics Committee in Universiti Putra Malaysia (JKEUPM-2023-1446) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (JEP-2024-669). The clinical trial was also registered in Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ACTRN1264000243516). As of June 2024, the recruitment process is ongoing and a total of 48 and 49 students have been enrolled from the universities into the CBT-I and ISHE groups, respectively. All the participants provided signed and informed consent to participate in the study. Data collection has been completed for the baseline (pre-treatment assessment), and follow-up assessments for T1 and T2 for all the participants in both groups, while T3 and T4 assessments will be completed by July 2025. Data analysis will be performed by August 2025 and the research will be completed by December 2025.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first attempt to design a CBT intervention to ameliorate poor sleep quality and its related negative effects among medical students. This research is also the first large-scale exploring the relationship between health status and CBT-mediated sleep improvement among medical students.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12624000243516; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=387030.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): PRR1-10.2196/59288.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
Genetic profile of the whole genome sequence of African swine fever virus from the first outbreak in Malaysian Borneo

Azami MM, Pauzi NAS, Hamdan N, Sidik MR, Tulis AN, Hassan R, et al.

Vet Res Commun, 2025 Jan 15;49(2):77.
PMID: 39809923 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-025-10645-8

African swine fever (ASF), a severe and highly contagious haemorrhagic viral disease of pigs, is becoming a major threat not only in Malaysia but around the world. The first confirmed case of ASF in Malaysia was reported in February 2021. Despite the emergence of ASF in Malaysia, genetic information on this causative pathogen for the local livestock is still limited. This study aimed to genetically characterize the African swine fever virus (ASFV) responsible for the 2021 outbreak in Malaysia. The genome of the ASFV isolated during the first outbreak in Malaysia was analysed as ASFV/Sabah/Malaysia/1160/21 which has 190,594 base pairs, with a nitrogenous bases (GC) content of 40.33% and 195 predicted Open Reading Frames (ORF). The complete genome sequence was compared with other annotated ASFV genomes retrieved from database of National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) to obtain information based on target gene B646L, E183L, intergenic region (IGR) between I73R and I329L (IGRI73R-I329L), EP402R and B602L. The ASFV/Sabah/Malaysia/1160/21 genome had a high similarity percentage to the reference genome, Georgia 2007 and all Southeast Asian strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the ASFV strain belonged to genotype II, serogroup 8, CVR1 and showed high characteristics of IGR variant II based on IGRI73R-I329L. This study expands our understanding of genetic diversity and provides significant insights into the genomic characteristics and variation of ASFV strains that are circulating in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
Assessment of Osteoprotegerin and Receptor Activator of Nf-Κb Ligand in Malaysian Male Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study

Ahmad N B, Majed A AM, Syed A SS, Fadi G S, Irfhan A B HA, Salah A A, et al.

Rev Invest Clin, 2024;76(6):262-273.
PMID: 39809256 DOI: 10.24875/RIC.24000192

Background: Limited information exists regarding the pathophysiological interactions between osteoporosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Objective: To study the association of Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) in male COPD patients. Methods: An observational clinical study was conducted at Penang General Hospital in Malaysia. Participants were divided into three groups: COPD patients with osteoporosis, COPD patients without osteoporosis, and healthy participants of the same age groups. Serum OPG (sOPG) and RANKL (sRANKL) levels were investigated. Results: The mean age of COPD patients was 64.10 ± 10.04 years. COPD patients had lower body mass index (23.22 ± 6.43) than healthy participants (27.32 ± 6.80). The T-score was significantly lower among COPD patients than healthy participants (p = 0.018). The sOPG concentration among healthy participants was significantly higher (361.90 ± 29.10 pg/mL, p < 0.001) than in the other groups, while the sRANKL concentration was not significantly different. The serum OPG/RANKL concentration was markedly higher in the control group than in the COPD patient group (p < 0.05). The COPD patients with osteoporosis had significantly lower pulmonary parameters (forced expiratory volume in the first [FEV]1% and FEV1/[forced vital capacity] (FVC), p < 0.01) and more dyspnea (modified medical research council = 2.60 ± 0.78 versus 1.90 ± 0.70, p < 0.01) than did the patients without osteoporosis. Furthermore, patients with severe COPD had a 3 times greater risk of developing osteoporosis (OR = 2.997 [95% CI = 2.181, 4.118], p < 0.001), while spirometric parameters had a significant inverse relationship with osteoporosis (FEV1% OR = 0.970, [95% CI = 0.954, 0.986], p = 0.001; FEV1/FVC OR = 0.984, (95% CI = 0.970, 0.999], p = 0.035). Conclusion: The study concluded that COPD patients had lower sOPG levels, leading to decreased OPG/RANKL ratio and faster bone resorption. Low bone mineral density was associated with more severe COPD. (Rev Invest Clin. 2024;76(6):262-73).

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia/epidemiology
Sabellaria jeramae, a new species (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) from the shallow waters of Malaysia, with a note on the ecological traits of reefs

Nishi E, Matsuo K, Capa M, Tomioka S, Kajihara H, Kupriyanova EK, et al.

Zootaxa, 2015;4052(5):555-68.
PMID: 26701452 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4052.5.3

A new species of the genus Sabellaria Lamarck, 1818 (Annelida: Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) is described from the intertidal zone of Jeram, Selangor, Malaysia. Sabellaria jeramae n. sp. is a gregarious species that constructs large reefs several hundreds of meters long and 50-200 m wide. The new species is distinguished from other congeners by the character combination of the presence of a single kind of middle paleae with conspicuous morphology, and outer paleae with long frayed teeth. Morphological features of the species are described and compared to those of all congeneric species. We also compare the reef structure and geographical distribution of the new species to those of the members of the family Sabellariidae around the world, demonstrating the ecological traits of the reefs.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Additions to the knowledge of the land snails of Sabah (Malaysia, Borneo), including 48 new species

Vermeulen JJ, Liew TS, Schilthuizen M

Zookeys, 2015.
PMID: 26692803 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.531.6097

We present reviews of the Sabah (Malaysia, on the island of Borneo) species of the following problematical genera of land snails (Mollusca, Gastropoda): Acmella and Anaglyphula (Caenogastropoda: Assimineidae); Ditropopsis (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae); Microcystina (Pulmonata: Ariophantidae); Philalanka and Thysanota (Pulmonata: Endodontidae); Kaliella, Rahula, (Pulmonata: Euconulidae); Trochomorpha and Geotrochus (Pulmonata: Trochomorphidae). Next to this, we describe new species in previously revised genera, such as Diplommatina (Diplommatinidae); Georissa (Hydrocenidae); as well as some new species of genera not revised previously, such as Japonia (Cyclophoridae); Durgella and Dyakia (Ariophantidae); Amphidromus, and Trachia (Camaenidae); Paralaoma (Punctidae); Curvella (Subulinidae). All descriptions are based on the morphology of the shells. We distinguish the following 48 new species: Acmella cyrtoglyphe, Acmella umbilicata, Acmella ovoidea, Acmella nana, Acmella subcancellata, Acmella striata, and Anaglyphula sauroderma (Assimineidae); Ditropopsis davisoni, Ditropopsis trachychilus, Ditropopsis constricta, Ditropopsis tyloacron, Ditropopsis cincta, and Japonia anceps (Cyclophoridae); Diplommatina bidentata and Diplommatina tylocheilos (Diplommatinidae); Georissa leucococca and Georissa nephrostoma (Hydrocenidae); Durgella densestriata, Dyakia chlorosoma, Microcystina microrhynchus, Microcystina callifera, Microcystina striatula, Microcystina planiuscula, and Microcystina physotrochus (Ariophantidae); Amphidromus psephos and Trachia serpentinitica (Camaenidae); Philalanka tambunanensis, Philalanka obscura, Philalanka anomphala, Philalanka rugulosa, and Philalanka malimgunung (Endodontidae); Kaliella eurytrochus, Kaliella sublaxa, Kaliella phacomorpha, Kaliella punctata, Kaliella microsoma, Rahula delopleura, (Euconulidae); Paralaoma angusta (Punctidae); Curvella hadrotes (Subulinidae); Trochomorpha trachus, Trochomorpha haptoderma, Trochomorpha thelecoryphe, Geotrochus oedobasis, Geotrochus spilokeiria, Geotrochus scolops, Geotrochus kitteli, Geotrochus subscalaris, and Geotrochus meristorhachis (Trochomorphidae).

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext A second species of Cheleion from Johor, Malaysia (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Aphodiinae, Stereomerini)

Král D, Hájek J

Zookeys, 2015.
PMID: 26692807 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.532.6116

A new species of the genus Cheleion Vårdal & Forshage, 2010, Cheleion jendeki sp. n., from Johor, Malaysia is described, illustrated and compared with the type species of the genus, Cheleion malayanum Vårdal & Forshage, 2010. Photographs of the two species are presented. The adaptation to inquilinous lifestyle of Cheleion is compared with those in other beetle groups and briefly discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Equivalence and practice effect of alternate forms for Malay version of Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MAVLT)

Munjir N, Othman Z, Zakaria R, Shafin N, Hussain NA, Desa AM, et al.

EXCLI J, 2015;14:801-8.
PMID: 26600750 DOI: 10.17179/excli2015-280

This study aims to develop two alternate forms for Malay version of Auditory Verbal Learning Test (MAVLT) and to determine their equivalency and practice effect. Ninety healthy volunteers were subjected to the following neuropsychological tests at baseline, and at one month interval according to their assigned group; group 1 (MAVLT - MAVLT), group 2 (MAVLT - Alternate Form 1 - Alternate Form 1), and group 3 (MAVLT - Alternate Form 2 - Alternate Form 2). There were no significant difference in the mean score of all the trials at baseline among the three groups, and most of the mean score of trials between MAVLT and Alternate Form 1, and between MAVLT and Alternate Form 2. There was significant improvement in the mean score of each trial when the same form was used repeatedly at the interval of one month. However, there was no significant improvement in the mean score of each trial when the Alternate Form 2 was used during repeated neuropsychological testing. The MAVLT is a reliable instrument for repeated neuropsychological testing as long as alternate forms are used. The Alternate Form 2 showed better equivalency to MAVLT and less practice effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
A new species of Amalothrips Ananthakhrishnan from Malaysia, with first description of male

Ng YF

Zootaxa, 2015;4032(2):246-50.
PMID: 26624359 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4032.2.13

Amalothrips noorazlani sp. n. is described from Malaysia based on both sexes, and a key is provided to the species of this genus. This is the first record of Amalothrips species outside India, and the first description of a male Amalothrips. The male has a pair of drepanae, the tergal posteromargin bears a toothed craspedum, but there are no sternal pore plates.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Five new species in the idiocerine genus Busonia Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from Thailand and Malaysia, with one new record from China

Xue Q, Zhang Y

Zootaxa, 2015;4021(4):541-52.
PMID: 26624152 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4021.4.4

Six species in the genus Busonia Distant are described and illustrated, including five new species from Thailand and Malaysia: Busonia curvata, B. fusca, B. lactata, B. micrata, B. serrata, spp. nov., and one newly recorded species from China: Busonia albilateralis Maldonado-Capriles. A redescription of this genus is provided together with a key to species for separation of males.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Contribution to the knowledge of the mayfly genus Teloganella Ulmer, 1939 (Ephemeroptera: Ephemerelloidea)

Kluge NJ, Selvakumar C, Sivaramakrishnan KG, Jacobus LM

Zootaxa, 2015;4028(2):287-95.
PMID: 26624311 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4028.2.8

We consider the genus Janohyphella Selvakumar, Sivaramakrishnan & Jacobus, 2014 (Ephemeroptera:Teloganodidae) to be a new junior synonym of Teloganella Ulmer, 1939 [=Janohyphella, syn. n.] based on comparative examination of new and previously studied materials from Malaysia and India. Thus, we propose the following new combination, Teloganella indica, comb. n., and provide new or modified diagnoses for this species, T. umbrata Ulmer, 1939 and the genus Teloganella Ulmer, 1939.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Two new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Southern Bukit Barisan Range of Sumatra and an estimation of their phylogeny

Harvey MB, O'connell KA, Barraza G, Riyanto A, Kurniawan N, Smith EN

Zootaxa, 2015;4020(3):495-516.
PMID: 26624112 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4020.3.5

We describe Cyrtodactylus psarops sp. nov. and C. semicinctus sp. nov., two new species of bent-toed geckos from montane forests in the southern Bukit Barisan Range of Sumatra, Indonesia. The new species are closely related to one another and to C. semenanjungensis, a lowland species currently known only from Peninsular Malaysia. Three characters of the new species immediately distinguish them from most congeners in the Sunda Region: they lack transversely enlarged subcaudals, have a precloacal depression, and have a greatly enlarged scale positioned at the apex of a continuous series of femoral and precloacal pore-bearing scales. They differ from one another in cephalic pattern, tuberculation of the brachium, and in numbers of cloacal tubercles, dorsal bands, and ventrals in a transverse row. The greatly enlarged scale at the apex of the precloacal pores appears to be a rare apomorphy of these two species and C. agamensis.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
A new species of Bambusaspis Cockerell (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccomorpha) colonising bamboo in Malaysia

Łagowska B, Martin JH, Hodgson CJ

Zootaxa, 2015;4006(1):128-42.
PMID: 26623761 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4006.1.6

All life stages (adult female and male, first-instar nymph, second-instar male and female nymphs, and prepupa and pupa) of a new species of Asterolecaniidae, Bambusaspis transversa Lagowska & Martin sp. n., from bamboo in Malaysia, are described and illustrated. The adult female and first-instar nymphs are compared with those Bambusaspis species considered to be closest to the new species.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah state in Borneo Island, Malaysia

Sinev AY, Yusoff FM

Zootaxa, 2015;4000(5):581-91.
PMID: 26623748 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4000.5.7

Fauna of Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of Sabah state of Malaysia, Borneo Island, was evaluated for the first time. Samples from 40 locations were studied, and 31 species of Cladocera were revealed, including three species of Sididae, one species of Daphnidae, one species of Moinidae, four species of Macrothricidae, two species of Ilyocryptidae, and 20 species of Chydoridae. One species of Ilyocryptidae, Ilyocryptus yooni Jeong, Kotov and Lee, 2012, is recorded for Malaysia for the first time, and one more, Anthalona sp., is probably new for science. Of 31 species recorded for Sabah, only three are true planktonic species and 28 are substrate-associated species. Absence of large natural lakes, habitats with most rich cladoceran fauna, can be an important factor limiting diversity of Cladocera in Sabah.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Draft Genome Sequence of a Quorum-Sensing Bacterium, Dickeya sp. Strain 2B12, Isolated from a Freshwater Lake

Tan KH, Sheng KY, Chang CY, Yin WF, Chan KG

Genome Announc, 2015;3(1).
PMID: 25657288 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01542-14

Dickeya sp. strain 2B12 was isolated from a freshwater lake in Malaysia. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Dickeya sp. 2B12 sequenced by the Illumina MiSeq platform. With the genome sequence available, this genome sequence will be useful for the study of quorum-sensing activity in this isolate.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext The measurement of utilities in asthma patients: a preliminary study. [Abstract]

Yong YV, Shafie AA

Value Health, 2014 Nov;17(7):A568.
PMID: 27201892 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1892

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of a computer-based Standard Gamble (SG) visual prop whilst measuring utilities of different asthma health states at the same time.
Methods: Twenty adult asthma patients literate in either Malay or English language were conveniently sampled from a public hospital in Penang, Malaysia. They were interviewed by two trained interviewers using a bilingual script. Each patient was requested to value the given health states using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) prior to SG exercise. There were three chronic health states (C1-C3) for 10 years, three temporary states (T1-T3) for 3 months, and two anchor states (healthy and dead). During the SG exercise, the visual prop was fully operated by the interviewers. The probability of being in a worse state was changed in a ‘ping-pong’ fashion until the indifference point was reached.
Results: All patients understood the SG exercise and rated SG easier than VAS. Around 85% (n=17) completed SG within 30 minutes. There was 90% (n=18) who ranked T3 as the worst temporary health state during VAS. Two patients provided logical inconsistency data in SG. The preferences by SG were higher than VAS. Preferences were also higher in temporary states measured by chained SG than other states by conventional SG. The mean utilities for C1=0.56 (SD 0.38), C2=0.47 (SD 0.33), C3=0.53 (SD 0.38), T1=0.65 (SD 0.31), T2=0.53 (SD 0.35), and T3=0.38 (SD 0.38).
Conclusions: The SG methods including the props are feasible for utilities measurement in asthma, based on the agreements achieved with other studies on the pattern of utilities measured in this preliminary study.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia
Fulltext Pharmacoeconomic evaluation of acute exacerbation of asthma in patients in Malaysia. [Abstract]

Iqbal MS, Iqbal MZ, Barua A, Veettil SK, Ling TK, Yong NB, et al.

Value Health, 2014 Nov;17(7):A594.
PMID: 27202038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.2045

Objectives: The cost of acute exacerbations of asthma had not been well studied in literature. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the (average) cost of moderate and severe exacerbations of asthma in patients attending tertiary-care setup in Malaysia. The related burden of exacerbations was also calculated.
Methods: The costs including lab investigation charges, unit costs of treatment per bed, medication charges, food costs, transportation costs and loss of productivity were calculated per asthma episode. Data was analysed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 using various descriptive and inferential statistical tests.
Results: A median medical cost of acute exacerbation of asthma under Ministry of Health’s (MOH) perspective was USD 105.00 (RM338.47) per episode. Medication cost comprised the majority (52.38%) of the total medical costs. A median medical cost of acute exacerbation of asthma under patient’s perspective was USD 1.55 (RM4.99) per episode. ConclusionsAsthma exacerbation and length of stay in the hospital were proportional to the direct medical costs. In Malaysia, a substantial proportion of the direct medical cost of asthma treatment is heavily subsidised for the locals.

Matched MeSH terms: Malaysia

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