Displaying publications 121 - 140 of 1046 in total

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  1. Revising and exploring the variations in methodologies for establishing the diagnostic reference levels for paediatric PET/CT imaging
    Alhorani Q, Alkhybari E, Rawashdeh M, Sabarudin A, Latiff RA, Al-Ibraheem A, et al.
    Nucl Med Commun, 2023 Nov 01;44(11):937-943.
    PMID: 37615527 DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001748
    PET-computed tomography (PET/CT) is a hybrid imaging technique that combines anatomical and functional information; to investigate primary cancers, stage tumours, and track treatment response in paediatric oncology patients. However, there is debate in the literature about whether PET/CT could increase the risk of cancer in children, as the machine is utilizing two types of radiation, and paediatric patients have faster cell division and longer life expectancy. Therefore, it is essential to minimize radiation exposure by justifying and optimizing PET/CT examinations and ensure an acceptable image quality. Establishing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) is a crucial quantitative indicator and effective tool to optimize paediatric imaging procedures. This review aimed to distinguish and acknowledge variations among published DRLs for paediatric patients in PET/CT procedures. A search of relevant articles was conducted using databases, that is, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Medline, using the keywords: PET-computed tomography, computed tomography, PET, radiopharmaceutical, DRL, and their synonyms. Only English and full-text articles were included, with no limitations on the publication year. After the screening, four articles were selected, and the review reveals different DRL approaches for paediatric patients undergoing PET/CT, with primary variations observed in patient selection criteria, reporting of radiation dose values, and PET/CT equipment. The study suggests that future DRL methods for paediatric patients should prioritize data collection in accordance with international guidelines to better understand PET/CT dose discrepancies while also striving to optimize radiation doses without compromising the quality of PET/CT images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  2. Fulltext Accuracy of a time-of-flight (ToF) imaging system for monitoring deep-inspiration breath-hold radiotherapy (DIBH-RT) for left breast cancer patients
    Abubakar A, Shaukat SI, Karim NKA, Kassim MZ, Lim SY, Appalanaido GK, et al.
    Phys Eng Sci Med, 2023 Mar;46(1):339-352.
    PMID: 36847965 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01227-6
    Deep inspiration breath-hold radiotherapy (DIBH-RT) reduces cardiac dose by over 50%. However, poor breath-hold reproducibility could result in target miss which compromises the treatment success. This study aimed to benchmark the accuracy of a Time-of-Flight (ToF) imaging system for monitoring breath-hold during DIBH-RT. The accuracy of an Argos P330 3D ToF camera (Bluetechnix, Austria) was evaluated for patient setup verification and intra-fraction monitoring among 13 DIBH-RT left breast cancer patients. The ToF imaging was performed simultaneously with in-room cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and electronic portal imaging device (EPID) imaging systems during patient setup and treatment delivery, respectively. Patient surface depths (PSD) during setup were extracted from the ToF and the CBCT images during free breathing and DIBH using MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA) and the chest surface displacement were compared. The mean difference ± standard deviation, correlation coefficient, and limit of agreement between the CBCT and ToF were 2.88 ± 5.89 mm, 0.92, and - 7.36, 1.60 mm, respectively. The breath-hold stability and reproducibility were estimated using the central lung depth extracted from the EPID images during treatment and compared with the PSD from the ToF. The average correlation between ToF and EPID was - 0.84. The average intra-field reproducibility for all the fields was within 2.70 mm. The average intra-fraction reproducibility and stability were 3.74 mm, and 0.80 mm, respectively. The study demonstrated the feasibility of using ToF camera for monitoring breath-hold during DIBH-RT and shows good breath-hold reproducibility and stability during the treatment delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  3. A Novel Classification Model Using Optimal Long Short-Term Memory for Classification of COVID-19 from CT Images
    Vinothini R, Niranjana G, Yakub F
    J Digit Imaging, 2023 Dec;36(6):2480-2493.
    PMID: 37491543 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-023-00852-7
    The human respiratory system is affected when an individual is infected with COVID-19, which became a global pandemic in 2020 and affected millions of people worldwide. However, accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 can be challenging due to small variations in typical and COVID-19 pneumonia, as well as the complexities involved in classifying infection regions. Currently, various deep learning (DL)-based methods are being introduced for the automatic detection of COVID-19 using computerized tomography (CT) scan images. In this paper, we propose the pelican optimization algorithm-based long short-term memory (POA-LSTM) method for classifying coronavirus using CT scan images. The data preprocessing technique is used to convert raw image data into a suitable format for subsequent steps. Here, we develop a general framework called no new U-Net (nnU-Net) for region of interest (ROI) segmentation in medical images. We apply a set of heuristic guidelines derived from the domain to systematically optimize the ROI segmentation task, which represents the dataset's key properties. Furthermore, high-resolution net (HRNet) is a standard neural network design developed for feature extraction. HRNet chooses the top-down strategy over the bottom-up method after considering the two options. It first detects the subject, generates a bounding box around the object and then estimates the relevant feature. The POA is used to minimize the subjective influence of manually selected parameters and enhance the LSTM's parameters. Thus, the POA-LSTM is used for the classification process, achieving higher performance for each performance metric such as accuracy, sensitivity, F1-score, precision, and specificity of 99%, 98.67%, 98.88%, 98.72%, and 98.43%, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  4. Three-dimensional analysis of reconstructed skulls using three different open-source software versus commercial software
    Yap Abdullah J, Manaf Abdullah A, Zaim S, Hadi H, Husein A, Ahmad Rajion Z, et al.
    Proc Inst Mech Eng H, 2024 Jan;238(1):55-62.
    PMID: 37990963 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231212034
    This study aimed to compare the 3D skull models reconstructed from computed tomography (CT) images using three different open-source software with a commercial software as a reference. The commercial Mimics v17.0 software was used to reconstruct the 3D skull models from 58 subjects. Next, two open-source software, MITK Workbench 2016.11, 3D Slicer 4.8.1 and InVesalius 3.1 were used to reconstruct the 3D skull models from the same subjects. All four software went through similar steps in 3D reconstruction process. The 3D skull models from the commercial and open-source software were exported in standard tessellation language (STL) format into CloudCompare v2.8 software and superimposed for geometric analyses. Hausdorff distance (HD) analysis demonstrated the average points distance of Mimics versus MITK was 0.25 mm. Meanwhile, for Mimics versus 3D Slicer and Mimics versus InVesalius, there was almost no differences between the two superimposed 3D skull models with average points distance of 0.01 mm. Based on Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) analysis, the similarity between Mimics versus MITK, Mimics versus 3D Slicer and Mimics versus InVesalius were 94.1, 98.8 and 98.3%, respectively. In conclusion, this study confirmed that the alternative open-source software, MITK, 3D Slicer and InVesalius gave comparable results in 3D reconstruction of skull models compared to the commercial gold standard Mimics software. This open-source software could possibly be used for pre-operative planning in cranio-maxillofacial cases and for patient management in the hospitals or institutions with limited budget.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  5. Fulltext Rare Case of Large Catecholamine Secreting Ganglioneuroma in an Asymptomatic Elderly Male
    Soundarajan T, Bidin MBL, Rajoo S, Yunus R
    J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc, 2022;37(1):87-90.
    PMID: 35800596 DOI: 10.15605/jafes.037.01.10
    Ganglioneuromas (GNs) are benign tumors that originate from neural crest cells, composed mainly of mature ganglion cells. These tumors, which are usually hormonally silent, tend to be discovered incidentally on imaging tests and occur along the paravertebral sympathetic chain, from the neck to the pelvis and occasionally in the adrenal medulla. Rarely, GNs secrete catecholamines.1 Adrenal GNs occur most frequently in the fourth and fifth decades of life, whereas GNs of the retroperitoneum and posterior mediastinum are usually encountered in younger adults.2 Adrenal GNs are commonly hormonally silent and asymptomatic; even when the lesion is of substantial size.3 We report an incidentally detected asymptomatic case of an adrenal ganglioneuroma with mildly elevated urinary catecholamine levels in an elderly male. After preoperative alpha blockade, the patient underwent open right adrenalectomy. Upon microscopic examination, the right adrenal mass proved to be a ganglioneuroma, maturing type and the immunohistochemistry examination showed immunoreactivity to synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD 56, while S100 was strongly positive at the Schwannian stroma. Following resection, catecholamine levels normalized, confirming the resected right adrenal ganglioneuroma as the source of the catecholamine excess. This case represents a rare presentation of catecholamine-secreting adrenal ganglioneuroma in the elderly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  6. Midface hypoplasia in syndromic craniosynostosis: predicting craniofacial growth via a novel regression model from anatomical morphometric analysis
    Hariri F, Malek RA, Abdullah NA, Hassan SF
    Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2024 Apr;53(4):293-300.
    PMID: 37739816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2023.08.009
    Midface hypoplasia in syndromic craniosynostosis (SC) may lead to serious respiratory issues. The aim of this study was to analyse the morphometric correlation between midface and cranial base parameters in paediatric SC patients in order to formulate predictive regression models. The computed tomography scans of 18 SC patients and 20 control were imported into Materialise Mimics Medical version 21.0 software for the measurement of multiple craniofacial landmarks and correlation analysis. The results showed a strong correlation of anterior cranial base (SN), posterior cranial base (SBa), and total cranial base (NBa) (r = 0.935) to maxilla length and width (ZMR-ZML) (r = 0.864). The model of NBa = - 1.554 + 1.021(SN) + 0.753(SBa) with R2 = 0.875 is proposed to demonstrate the development of the cranial base that causes a certain degree of midface hypoplasia in SC patients. The formula is supported using a prediction model of ZMR-ZML = 5.762 + 0.920(NBa), with R2 = 0.746. The mean absolute difference and standard deviation between the predicted and true NBa and ZMR-ZML were 2.08 ± 1.50 mm and 3.11 ± 2.32 mm, respectively. The skeletal growth estimation models provide valuable foundation for further analysis and potential clinical application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  7. Fulltext Biliary cystadenoma - computed tomography findings
    Ariff A, Hassan H, John G
    Malays J Med Sci, 2002 Jan;9(1):49-51.
    PMID: 22969318
    Biliary cystadenoma is a rare neoplasm of the biliary ductal system. Surgical management yields an excellent result. We present a case of recurrent biliary cystadenoma in the left lobe of the liver. The cyst was successfully treated with hepatic segmentectomy. The lobulated smoothly marginated septated cystic lesion noted on computed tomography (CT) were highlighted and the other imaging studies, differential diagnosis and management were reviewed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  8. Fulltext Using 21st-Century Technologies to Determine the Cognitive Capabilities of a 11,000-Year-Old Perak Man Who Had Brachymesophalangia Type A2
    Abdullah JY, Saidin M, Rajion ZA, Hadi H, Mohamad N, Moraes C, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2021 Feb;28(1):1-8.
    PMID: 33679214 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2021.28.1.1
    Perak Man, named after the state where the skeleton was found, was the most complete skeleton found in Southeast Asia. The funerary artefacts indicate that Perak Man was highly respected, as he was buried at the centre of the highest cave in Lenggong, and he was the only person buried there. A copy of the original skull was made using computed tomography (CT) and 3D printing. Based on the internal structure of the reconstructed skull, the estimated intracranial volume (ICV) is 1,204.91 mL. The hypothetical face of Perak Man was reconstructed according to established forensic methods. Based on his presumed status, Perak Man was likely a respected person in the group and, perhaps, a shaman and the most knowledgeable person in the group regarding survival, hunting, gathering and other aspects of Palaeolithic daily life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  9. Internal morphometry of thoracic pedicles in the immature spine
    Hassan E, Liau KM, Ariffin I, Halim Yusof A
    Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2010 Jun 1;35(13):1253-6.
    PMID: 20461037 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c1172b
    A cross sectional study of thoracic pedicle morphometry in the immature spine of Malaysian population using reformatted computed tomographic (CT) images.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods*
  10. Fulltext Development of an organ-specific insert phantom generated using a 3D printer for investigations of cardiac computed tomography protocols
    Abdullah KA, McEntee MF, Reed W, Kench PL
    J Med Radiat Sci, 2018 Sep;65(3):175-183.
    PMID: 29707915 DOI: 10.1002/jmrs.279
    INTRODUCTION: An ideal organ-specific insert phantom should be able to simulate the anatomical features with appropriate appearances in the resultant computed tomography (CT) images. This study investigated a 3D printing technology to develop a novel and cost-effective cardiac insert phantom derived from volumetric CT image datasets of anthropomorphic chest phantom.

    METHODS: Cardiac insert volumes were segmented from CT image datasets, derived from an anthropomorphic chest phantom of Lungman N-01 (Kyoto Kagaku, Japan). These segmented datasets were converted to a virtual 3D-isosurface of heart-shaped shell, while two other removable inserts were included using computer-aided design (CAD) software program. This newly designed cardiac insert phantom was later printed by using a fused deposition modelling (FDM) process via a Creatbot DM Plus 3D printer. Then, several selected filling materials, such as contrast media, oil, water and jelly, were loaded into designated spaces in the 3D-printed phantom. The 3D-printed cardiac insert phantom was positioned within the anthropomorphic chest phantom and 30 repeated CT acquisitions performed using a multi-detector scanner at 120-kVp tube potential. Attenuation (Hounsfield Unit, HU) values were measured and compared to the image datasets of real-patient and Catphan® 500 phantom.

    RESULTS: The output of the 3D-printed cardiac insert phantom was a solid acrylic plastic material, which was strong, light in weight and cost-effective. HU values of the filling materials were comparable to the image datasets of real-patient and Catphan® 500 phantom.

    CONCLUSIONS: A novel and cost-effective cardiac insert phantom for anthropomorphic chest phantom was developed using volumetric CT image datasets with a 3D printer. Hence, this suggested the printing methodology could be applied to generate other phantoms for CT imaging studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed/instrumentation; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods*
  11. Fulltext Oesophageal intubation and ventilation as initial airway support of newborn infant with tracheal agenesis
    Wong AC, Khoo CS, Ee YS, Sidhu JK, Chan LG
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Aug;69(4):189-90.
    PMID: 25500849 MyJurnal
    Tracheal agenesis is a rare congenital airway anomaly which presents as an airway emergency at birth. We report a case of late premature Chinese infant with tracheal agenesis type II (by Floyd's classification) who presented with severe respiratory distress at birth. He had multiple failed attempts at intubations with accidental oesophageal intubation and ventilation. Tracheal agenesis with tracheo-oesophageal fistula was suspected from an emergency optical laryngoesophagoscopy done. The infant was subsequently stabilized on oesophageal ventilation. The diagnosis was confirmed on CT scan and parents were counseled regarding the poor outcome and decided for withdrawal at day 7 of life.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  12. Fulltext Case Report: A Patient with Acute Cardiac Tamponade Secondary to Complicated Stanford Type A Intramural Haematoma - the role of CT
    Poh F, Chow MB
    Med J Malaysia, 2014 Feb;69(1):37-9.
    PMID: 24814629
    Chest pain is a common presenting complaint in the emergency room of which acute aortic syndrome is a sinister cause associated with high morbidity. A contrastenhanced CT aortogram is often performed for initial evaluation at the first instance of suspicion. We present a patient with Stanford Type A intramural haematoma complicated by haemopericardium and acute cardiac tamponade and highlight the relevant CT signs that would alert the managing physician to urgent echocardiogram correlation and emergent cardiothoracic intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  13. Fulltext Penetrating injury to the head: case reviews
    Regunath K, Awang S, Siti SB, Premananda MR, Tan WM, Haron RH
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Dec;67(6):622-4.
    PMID: 23770960 MyJurnal
    Penetrating injury to the head is considered a form of severe traumatic brain injury. Although uncommon, most neurosurgical centres would have experienced treating patients with such an injury. Despite the presence of well written guidelines for managing these cases, surgical treatment requires an individualized approach tailored to the situation at hand. We describe a collection of three cases of non-missile penetrating head injury which were managed in two main Neurosurgical centres within Malaysia and the unique management approaches for each of these cases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  14. Fulltext Intramuscular sternohyoid hemangioma: an unusual neck mass
    Mohamad I, Soleh MN, Abdul Rahman KS, Tuan Sharif SE
    Med J Malaysia, 2013 Apr;68(2):166-7.
    PMID: 23629567 MyJurnal
    A neck mass with soft consistency suggests the diagnosis of a cyst which is usually congenital in origin. Needle aspiration yielding blood should alert the physician the possibility of hemangioma although it is very rare. Ultrasonography and computed tomography will delineate the extent and nature of the lesion and provide the roadmap for surgical excision. We report a case of a girl who presented with a painless neck mass which was later found to be a hemangioma originating from the sternohyoid muscle. The morphology and immunohistochemical stain were consistent with hemangioma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  15. Fulltext Primary hepatic angiosarcoma: difficulty in clinical, radiological, and pathological diagnosis
    Yang KF, Leow VM, Hasnan MN, Subramaniam MK
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):127-8.
    PMID: 22582567 MyJurnal
    Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare primary mesenchymal malignancy. Prognosis is poor and mortality occurs early. The diagnosis is challenging. Our case was an asymptomatic 70 year-old man referred, with incidental ultrasonography finding of multiple liver nodules. Diagnostic laparoscopic liver biopsy and the histopathological examination reported a haemangioma. Six months later, he became symptomatic and his health condition deteriorated rapidly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  16. Fulltext Cotton-ball granuloma mimicking axillary lymphadenopathy in a breast cancer patient
    Hashim H, Alli K, Faridah Y, Rahmat K
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2011 07 01;7(3):e19.
    PMID: 22279496 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.7.3.e19
    Foreign body granuloma is a reaction to either a biodegradable substance or inert material. In a breast cancer patient who had undergone an excision or mastectomy with axillary clearance, a foreign body granuloma in the axilla may be misinterpreted as an axillary lymph node. We report our experience with a case of cotton-ball granuloma of the axilla in a breast cancer patient, which mimics a lymph node radiologically from the CT scan, mammogram and ultrasonography. Following biopsy and excision, the mass was diagnosed histologically as a foreign body granuloma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  17. Fulltext Overuse, overdose, overdiagnosis… overreaction?
    Ho E
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2010 Jul-Sep;6(3):e8.
    PMID: 21611049 DOI: 10.2349/biij.6.3.e8
    When x-rays were first discovered, the harmful effects of radiation had to be manifest in the early users before they were known. Today, radiation protection and safety have been established and the effects of radiation, as well as its risks, are known. Even so, medical radiation, in particular the growth in the use of computed tomography (CT), has resulted in soaring radiation doses received by the population in general. Inappropriate use has resulted in overuse, overdose and, perhaps, overdiagnosis, especially when used in screening. In the quest to control and curb the use of procedures involving radiation, however, we must be careful not to provoke a pandemic of irrational fear of radiation. Overreaction to the overuse and overdose of radiation might deter patients from life-saving procedures.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  18. Fulltext Chest imaging features of patients afflicted with Influenza A (H1N1) in a Malaysian tertiary referral centre
    Bux S, Mohd Ramli N, Ahmad Sarji S, Kamarulzaman A
    Biomed Imaging Interv J, 2010 Oct-Dec;6(4):e35.
    PMID: 21611071 MyJurnal DOI: 10.2349/biij.6.4.e35
    This is a retrospective descriptive study of the chest imaging findings of 118 patients with confirmed A(H1N1) in a tertiary referral centre. About 42% of the patients had positive initial chest radiographic (CXR) findings. The common findings were bi-basal air-space opacities and perihilar reticular and alveolar infiltrates. In select cases, high-resolution computed tomography (CT) imaging showed ground-glass change with some widespread reticular changes and atelectasis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  19. Fulltext Prevalence of onodi cells in Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh, Malaysia
    Tan KL, Harvinder S
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Jun;65(2):101-2.
    PMID: 23756790 MyJurnal
    Onodi cell is a posterior ethmoid air cell that pneumatizes into the sphenoid sinus, It is an important entity for clinicians when performing endoscopic sinus surgery (EES) because it encroaches into the optic nerve and internal carotid artery. CT-scans are the road map for ESS to prevent damage to structures mentioned above. Its prevalence in Malaysia is unknown.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
  20. Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele with colpocephaly: case report and clinical review
    Bhattacharjee A, Chakraborty A, Purkaystha P
    J Laryngol Otol, 2008 Mar;122(3):321-3.
    PMID: 17666141
    Frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele is a rare congenital disease in which an intracranial mass protrudes through a midline defect from the anterior cranial fossa into the facial skeleton. The condition affects patients in South East Asian countries, such as Thailand, Burma, Malaysia and Indonesia, with frequency of 1 in 5000. The pathogenesis of encephalocoeles may be regarded as a 'late' neurulation defect during the fourth gestational week. We present a case of frontoethmoidal encephalomeningocoele with corpus callosal agenesis and colpocephaly; this may well be the first report of this combination. The patient had a bulging mass in the middle frontonasal area, with broadening of the nasal bridge and hypertelorism. Computed tomography scans delineated the skull defect and associated brain anomalies. A one-stage, combined transfacial-transcranial approach, correctional procedure was performed. We present here a discussion of the findings, with special reference to the condition's pathogenesis, morphological classification and evolving surgical treatments. Early diagnosis and referral, involving multidisciplinary teamwork, are of paramount importance because of the distorting influence of the extruding mass on facial growth.
    Matched MeSH terms: Tomography, X-Ray Computed
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