PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: In the present study, the lytic bacteriophage, k3w7, isolated by the host Klebsiella pneumoniae kP2 was characterised using transmission electron microscope (TEM), plaque assay, and restriction digestive enzyme to investigate mor¬phology, host spectrum, bacteriophage life cycle and stability accordingly.
RESULTS: Results and conclusions: As shown by TEM, k3w7 was observed to have the characteristic of icosahedral heads 100 nm and contractile sheaths 120 nm suggesting it belongs to the family of myoviridae.The Investigation has done on the phage growth cycle showed a short latent period of 20 min and a burst size of approximately 220 plaque forming units per infected cell. Stability test showed the phage was stable over a wide range of pH and temperatures. According to restriction analysis, k3w7 had 50 -kb double-stranded DNA genome as well as the heterogeneous nature of genetic material. These findings suggest that K3W7 has a potential use in therapy against infections caused by K. pneumonia produces carbapenemase.
METHODS: This study followed the PRISMA 2020 Checklist. Relevant studies were searched in health-related databases. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale criteria were used to evaluate the studies quality. Pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the strength of association between each polymorphism and hepatocellular carcinoma using five genetic models. Stratification was done by ethnic groups. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed to determine the required information size.
RESULTS: Fifteen case-control studies (n = 8182) were identified. Overall, the heterozygous model showed a marginal significant association only between IL-10 (-1082 A/G) and hepatocellular carcinoma risk (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.67-1.00, 9 studies). On stratification, IL-10 (-1082 A/G) was significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk in the non-Asian population under dominant (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.45-0.86, 4 studies), heterozygous (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.43-0.85) and allelic models (OR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99). IL-10 (-819 T/C) was significantly associated with hepatocellular carcinoma risk only among non-Asians under the dominant (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02-2.13, 8 studies), recessive (OR: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.03-3.86, and homozygous models (OR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.13-4.23). For IL-10 (-592 A/C) with 11 studies, there was no significant association with hepatocellular carcinoma in all five genetic models (P values > 0.5). TSA plots indicated that the information size for firm evidence of effect was sufficient only for the analysis of IL-10 (-592 A/C), but not for the - 1082 A/G or -819 T/C.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that IL-10 (-1082 A/G and - 819 T/C) polymorphisms are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma in ethnic-specific manner. However, this evidence is not conclusive because the sample size was insufficient. IL-10 (-592 A/C) polymorphism was not associated with hepatocellular carcinoma albeit with sufficient information size. Future well-designed large case-control studies on IL-10 (-1082 A/G and - 819 T/C) with different ethnicities are recommended.
RESULTS: Stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E) and intracellular CO2 (Ci) were significantly reduced (p
METHODS AND RESULTS: Total nucleic acids were extracted from leaf samples harvested from frond 20 of seven Dura × Pisifera (D × P) African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) aged between 13 and 21 years old collected from local plantations. The nucleic acids were fractionated using 5% non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) before being subjected to detection by reverse transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The PCR products were cloned into a plasmid vector and the sequence of the clones was analyzed. CCCVd variants were quantified using real-time qPCR assay with CCCVd specific primers. Sixteen randomly selected clones of (OP246) had an arbitrary 100% identity with CCCVdOP246 (GeneBank Accession No: HQ608513). Meanwhile, four clones had >93% similarity with several minor sequence variations forming variants of OP234, OP235, OP251 and OP279.
CONCLUSION: The OS symptoms observed in the field were characterized into three categories based on the size and morphology of the orange spots on the affected fronds. In addition, there was no direct correlation between disease severity and the accumulation of CCCVd variants in oil palm. This finding is the first report describing the sequence variation of the CCCVd RNA and symptom variation in OS oil palm field samples.