Displaying publications 1441 - 1460 of 5118 in total

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  1. Analysis of airway epithelial regeneration and repair following endobronchial brush biopsy in sheep
    Yahaya B, Baker A, Tennant P, Smith SH, Shaw DJ, McLachlan G, et al.
    Exp. Lung Res., 2011 Nov;37(9):519-35.
    PMID: 21895444 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2011.605513
    Understanding the fundamental processes involved in repairing the airway wall following injury is fundamental to understanding the way in which these processes are perturbed during disease pathology. Indeed complex diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have at their core evidence of airway wall remodeling processes that play a crucial functional role in these diseases. The authors sought to understand the dynamic cellular events that occur during bronchial airway epithelial repair in sheep. The injury was induced by endobronchial brush biopsy (BBr), a process that causes epithelial débridement and induces a consequential repair process. In addition, the current experimental protocol allowed for the time-dependent changes in airway wall morphology to be studied both within and between animals. The initial débridement was followed by evidence of dedifferentiation in the intact epithelium at the wound margins, followed by proliferation of cells both within the epithelium and in the deeper wall structures, notably in association with the submucosal glands and smooth muscle bundles. Seven days after injury, although the airway wall was thickened at the site of damage, the epithelial layer was intact, with evidence of redifferentiation. These studies, in demonstrating broad agreement with previous studies in small animals, indicate the wider relevance of this system as a comparative model and should provide a solid basis upon which to further characterize the critical cellular and molecular interactions that underlie both effective restitution and pathological repair.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bronchi/pathology; Respiratory Mucosa/pathology; Lung Injury/pathology
  2. A parapharyngeal meningioma presenting as a neck mass and multiple cranial nerve palsies
    Mohamad I, Abdullah B, Idris Z, Naik VR, Bhavaraju VM
    Ceylon Med J, 2011 Jun;56(2):73-4.
    PMID: 21789871
    Matched MeSH terms: Carotid Artery, Internal/pathology; Meningeal Neoplasms/pathology; Meningioma/pathology
  3. Enterovirus 71 encephalomyelitis and Japanese encephalitis can be distinguished by topographic distribution of inflammation and specific intraneuronal detection of viral antigen and RNA
    Wong KT, Ng KY, Ong KC, Ng WF, Shankar SK, Mahadevan A, et al.
    Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol., 2012 Aug;38(5):443-53.
    PMID: 22236252 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2990.2011.01247.x
    To investigate if two important epidemic viral encephalitis in children, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) encephalomyelitis and Japanese encephalitis (JE) whose clinical and pathological features may be nonspecific and overlapping, could be distinguished.
    Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System/pathology*; Encephalitis, Japanese/pathology*; Enterovirus Infections/pathology*
  4. Atypical (symplastic) leiomyoma of the uterus--a case report
    Siti-Aishah MA, Noriah O, Malini MN, Zainul-Rashid MR, Das S
    Clin Ter, 2011;162(5):447-50.
    PMID: 22041803
    A 30-year-old, nulliparous woman presented with a history of subfertility. On examination she was found to have uterine fibroid of 28 weeks size of gravid uterus and subsequently laporatomy myomectomy was performed. Multilobulated masses, with diameters ranging from 22 mm to 160 mm were found. Cut sections of the lobulated masses showed whitish whorled cut surface. One of the multilobulated masses had a cystic cavity, measuring 60x50x35 mm(3). Light microscopic findings of the mass with the cystic cavity showed a well-circumscribed cellular tumour composed of cells exhibiting moderate nuclear atypia which were enlarged, nuclei with prominent chromatin clumping and were distributed in areas. Some tumour cells showed large nuclear pseudoinclusions, multinucleated or multilobated tumour giant cells, smudging and few enlarged nucleoli. Mitotic activity was 4 MFs per 10 HPFs. Occasional cells with intracytoplasmic inclusions resembling rhabdoid - like features were seen. There were no atypical mitoses or tumour necroses were noted. Diagnosis of atypical leiomyoma or symplastic leiomyoma was made. Atypical or symplastic leiomyomas are rare in the region of Malaysia and the present case discusses its incidence in younger age, its morphological features along with diagnosis and clinical outcome.
    Matched MeSH terms: Leiomyoma/pathology*; Uterine Neoplasms/pathology*; Giant Cells/pathology
  5. Spraguea (Microsporida: Spraguidae) infections in the nervous system of the Japanese anglerfish, Lophius litulon (Jordan), with comments on transmission routes and host pathology
    Freeman MA, Yokoyama H, Osada A, Yoshida T, Yamanobe A, Ogawa K
    J Fish Dis, 2011 Jun;34(6):445-52.
    PMID: 21545438 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01255.x
    Anglerfish from the genus Lophius are a globally important commercial fishery. The microsporidian Spraguea infects the nervous system of these fish resulting in the formation of large, visible parasitic xenomas. Lophius litulon from Japan were investigated to evaluate the intensity and distribution of Spraguea xenomas throughout the nervous system and to assess pathogenicity to the host and possible transmission routes of the parasite. Spraguea infections in L. litulon had a high prevalence; all fish over 403 mm in standard length being infected, with larger fish usually more heavily infected than smaller fish. Seventy percent of all fish examined had some gross visible sign of infection. The initial site of development is the supramedullary cells on the dorsal surface of the medulla oblongata, where all infected fish have parasitic xenomas. As the disease progresses, a number of secondary sites typically become infected such as the spinal, trigeminal and vagus nerves. Fish with infection in the vagus nerve bundles often have simultaneous sites of infection, in particular the spinal nerves and along the ventral nerve towards the urinary bladder. Advanced vagus nerve infections sometimes form xenomas adjacent to kidney tissue. Spraguea DNA was amplified from the contents of the urinary bladders of two fish, suggesting that microsporidian spores may be excreted in the urine. We conclude that supramedullary cells on the hindbrain are the primary site of infection, which is probably initiated at the cutaneous mucous glands where supramedullary cells are known to extend their peripheral axons. The prevalence of Spraguea infections in L. litulon was very high, and infections often extremely heavy; however, no associated pathogenicity was observed, and heavily infected fish were otherwise normal.
    Matched MeSH terms: Fish Diseases/pathology; Microsporidiosis/pathology; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections/pathology
  6. Ameloblastoma of the jaws: a retrospective analysis of 340 cases in a Malaysian population
    Siar CH, Lau SH, Ng KH
    J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2012 Mar;70(3):608-15.
    PMID: 21723654 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2011.02.039
    Ameloblastoma of the human jaw is an uncommon but clinically significant odontogenic epithelial neoplasm. The aim was to analyze the clinicopathologic characteristics of ameloblastoma in a Malaysian population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Ameloblastoma/pathology; Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology; Maxillary Neoplasms/pathology
  7. Fulltext Histopathological study of the hepatic and renal toxicity associated with the co-administration of imatinib and acetaminophen in a preclinical mouse model
    Nassar I, Pasupati T, Judson JP, Segarra I
    Malays J Pathol, 2010 Jun;32(1):1-11.
    PMID: 20614720 MyJurnal
    Imatinib, a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the first line treatment against chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Several fatal cases have been associated with imatinib hepatotoxicity. Acetaminophen, an over-the-counter analgesic, anti-pyretic drug, which can cause hepatotoxicity, is commonly used in cancer pain management. We assessed renal and hepatic toxicity after imatinib and acetaminophen co-administration in a preclinical model. Four groups of male ICR mice (30-35 g) were fasted overnight and administered either saline solution orally (baseline control), imatinib 100 mg/kg orally (control), acetaminophen 700 mg/kg intraperitoneally (positive control) or co-administered imatinib 100 mg/kg orally and acetaminophen 700 mg/kg intraperitoneally (study group), and sacrificed at 15 min, 30 min, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h and 6 h post-administration (n = 4 per time point). The liver and kidneys were harvested for histopathology assessment. The liver showed reversible cell damage like feathery degeneration, microvesicular fatty change, sinusoidal congestion and pyknosis, when imatinib or acetaminophen were administered separately. The damage increased gradually with time, peaked at 2 h but resolved by 4 h. When both drugs were administered concurrently, the liver showed irreversible damage (cytolysis, karyolysis and karyorrhexis) which did not resolve by 6 h. Very minor renal changes were observed. Acetaminophen and imatinib co-administration increased hepatoxicity which become irreversible, probably due to shared P450 biotransformation pathways and transporters in the liver.
    Matched MeSH terms: Kidney/pathology; Liver/pathology; Drug-Induced Liver Injury/pathology
  8. Long-term cytological and histological outcomes in women managed with loop excision treatment under local anaesthetic for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
    Woo YL, Badley C, Jackson E, Crawford R
    Cytopathology, 2011 Oct;22(5):334-9.
    PMID: 21073579 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2010.00824.x
    This study examines the impact of excision margin status after large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) under local anaesthetic for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-CIN) on the cytological and histological outcomes up to 5 years after treatment.
    Matched MeSH terms: Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology*; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia/pathology*
  9. Fulltext Head and neck follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: disease associations and treatment review
    Amin Z, Suhaimi Y, Ahmad R
    Med J Malaysia, 2010 Mar;65(1):77-9.
    PMID: 21265258 MyJurnal
    Currently, of less than 50 cases of head and neck follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma reported in the literature, 5 have been found to occur in the background of Castleman disease. We report another case of head and neck FDC sarcoma with emphasise on its associated lesions and review the outcome of treatment from the existing cases in the literature.
    Matched MeSH terms: Giant Lymph Node Hyperplasia/pathology*; Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology*; Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular/pathology*
  10. Subacute osteomyelitis masquerading as primary bone sarcoma: report of six cases
    Dhanoa A, Singh VA
    Surg Infect (Larchmt), 2010 Oct;11(5):475-8.
    PMID: 20858161 DOI: 10.1089/sur.2009.011
    We report a series of six immunocompetent patients who were believed initially to have primary bone sarcomas, but turned out to have subacute osteomyelitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bone and Bones/pathology; Osteomyelitis/pathology*; Osteosarcoma/pathology*
  11. Dried irradiated human amniotic membrane as a biological dressing for facial burns--a 7-year case series
    Bujang-Safawi E, Halim AS, Khoo TL, Dorai AA
    Burns, 2010 Sep;36(6):876-82.
    PMID: 20236771 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2009.07.001
    Facial burns are common and have a significant impact on patient function and psychosocial well being. Human amnion has been used for many years as a temporary biological wound dressing in the management of partial thickness burns. The observed advantages of human amnion treatment include pain relief, ease of use, prevention of infection and acceleration of wound healing.
    Matched MeSH terms: Burns/pathology; Cicatrix/pathology; Epithelium/pathology
  12. Fulltext An unusual cause of haemoptysis and headache: cryptococcosis
    How SH, Kuan YC, Ng TH, Ramachandram K, Fauzi AR
    Malays J Pathol, 2008 Dec;30(2):129-32.
    PMID: 19291924 MyJurnal
    Pulmonary cryptococcosis can be clinically silent in non-HIV infected patients but can also present as nodules and masses on the chest radiograph, which can be mistaken for tuberculosis or lung cancer. Common symptoms include fever and cough, and uncommonly haemoptysis. This report illustrates a non-HIV infected patient whose main complaint was haemoptysis and headache. He was diagnosed with pulmonary cryptococcosis from biopsy of an endobronchial mass found on flexible bronchoscopy. Disseminated cryptoccoccal infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis in non-HIV infected patients presenting with haemoptysis and headache. Early recognition and administration of appropriate therapy will improve clinical outcome in these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cryptococcosis/pathology*; Lung Diseases, Fungal/pathology*; Lung Neoplasms/pathology
  13. Cytologic features and differential diagnosis in chondroma of the breast: a case report
    Sivakumar S, Kaur G
    Acta Cytol., 2009 May-Jun;53(3):303-5.
    PMID: 19534271 DOI: 10.1159/000325312
    BACKGROUND: Extraskeletal (soft tissue) chondromas are rare neoplasms. They are seen most frequently in the soft tissues of hands and feet. A chondroma occurring in the breast is exceedingly uncommon. We present a case of pure chondroma of the breast in a young woman in whom fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytologic features suggested a cartilaginous neoplasm.

    CASE: A 28-year-old woman presented with a mobile lump in the left breast. Mammography showed a high-density nodule without microcalcifications. A clinical diagnosis of fibroadenoma was made. A differential diagnosis was obtained on FNA. Excisional biopsy of the lump showed the histopathologic features of chondroma. There was no recurrence or appearance of new lesion during 13 months of follow-up.

    CONCLUSION: Chondroma of the breast shows FNA cytologic features of cartilaginous tumor, but specific tumor typing may not be possible. This case highlights the difficulties that may arise in FNA diagnosis of cartilaginous tumor especially when it occurs at an unusual site. Awareness of the cytologic features combined with clinical and radiologic findings should guide the cytopathologist to make correct diagnosis of this neoplasm.
    Matched MeSH terms: Breast Neoplasms/pathology*; Chondroma/pathology*; Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology*
  14. Large anomalous systemic arterial supply to the left lung without pulmonary sequestration: a rare cause of heart failure in a child
    Wong MN, Joshi P, Sim KH
    Pediatr Cardiol, 2009 Jan;30(1):85-6.
    PMID: 18663510 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-008-9287-z
    A 10-month-old boy was referred for tachypnea and heart murmur. An echocardiogram showed unexplained left heart dilation without evidence of an intracardiac shunt. A 64-slice computed tomographic contrast-enhanced angiography showed a large tortuous anomalous artery arising from the descending thoracic aorta and supplying the lower lobe of the left lung. The venous return into the left atrium was normal. The affected lobe had normal lung parenchyma, and its bronchial tree was connected normally with the left main bronchus. Hence, it was not a sequestrated lobe. The boy underwent surgical lobectomy of the left lower lobe and improved. Anomalous arterial supply of a lobe without sequestration of its bronchial tree is a rare pathologic entity. It also is a very rare cause of congestive heart failure in children. Computed tomographic angiography was a useful tool for evaluation of the intrathoracic anomalous vessel in this case.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bronchopulmonary Sequestration/pathology; Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology; Heart Failure/physiopathology; Lung/pathology
  15. Bacterial infections in pigs experimentally infected with Nipah virus
    Berhane Y, Weingartl HM, Lopez J, Neufeld J, Czub S, Embury-Hyatt C, et al.
    Transbound Emerg Dis, 2008 May;55(3-4):165-74.
    PMID: 18405339 DOI: 10.1111/j.1865-1682.2008.01021.x
    Nipah virus (NiV; Paramyxoviridae) caused fatal encephalitis in humans during an outbreak in Malaysia in 1998/1999 after transmission from infected pigs. Our previous study demonstrated that the respiratory, lymphatic and central nervous systems are targets for virus replication in experimentally infected pigs. To continue the studies on pathogenesis of NiV in swine, six piglets were inoculated oronasally with 2.5 x 10(5) PFU per animal. Four pigs developed mild clinical signs, one exudative epidermitis, and one neurologic signs due to suppurative meningoencephalitis, and was euthanized at 11 days post-inoculation (dpi). Neutralizing antibodies reached in surviving animals titers around 1280 at 16 dpi. Nasal and oro-pharyngeal shedding of the NiV was detected between 2 and 17 dpi. Virus appeared to be cleared from the tissues of the infected animals by 23 dpi, with low amount of RNA detected in submandibular and bronchial lymph nodes of three pigs, and olfactory bulb of one animal. Despite the presence of neutralizing antibodies, virus was isolated from serum at 24 dpi, and the viral RNA was still detected in serum at 29 dpi. Our results indicate slower clearance of NiV from some of the infected pigs. Bacteria were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of five NiV inoculated animals, with isolation of Streptococcus suis and Enterococcus faecalis. Staphylococcus hyicus was isolated from the skin lesions of the animal with exudative epidermitis. Along with the observed lymphoid depletion in the lymph nodes of all NiV-infected animals, and the demonstrated ability of NiV to infect porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, this finding warrants further investigation into a possible NiV-induced immunosuppression of the swine host.
    Matched MeSH terms: Bacterial Infections/pathology; Swine Diseases/pathology; Henipavirus Infections/pathology
  16. Neoplasia/dysplasia surveillance of oral lichen planus in Malaysia: a preliminary study using topography maps
    Lim JS, Tang SP, Siar CH
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2009;10(6):1071-4.
    PMID: 20192586
    BACKGROUND: Conventional methods for writing case notes detailing the progress of oral lichen planus (OLP), a precancerous condition that requires long-term surveillance, is both time-consuming and tedious for the busy clinician.

    OBJECTIVES: To design and perform a simple surveillance on OLP patients based on colour-coded topography mouth maps (TMM).

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three colour-coded TMM were employed: red for OLP in high risk oral mucosal sites, yellow for cases showing improvement and green for asymptomatic lesions at each recall visit. In this preliminary study, these were applied on 30 histologically confirmed OLP individuals attending the Oral Medicine Clinic at the Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Medicine and Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya. The sites and extent of OLP lesions were charted on either red, yellow or green TMM based on defined criteria. This surveillance evaluated OLP in relation to patientandapos;s age, race, gender, underlying systemic conditions, oral habits, initial onset of OLP, oral manifestations and presence/absence of clinically suspicious areas.

    RESULTS: Study sample comprised 4 (13.3%) Malays, 9 (30.0%) Chinese and 17 (56.7%) Indians. Most OLP patients belong to the green TMM (n= 14, 46.6%) group followed by red (n= 11, 36.7%) and yellow (n= 5, 16.7%) groups. Of the 11 cases with red TMM, rebiopsy was performed on 4 cases but no dysplasia was detected. Any local confounding factors namely periodontal disease or faulty dental restorations were managed accordingly.

    CONCLUSIONS: TMM is simple to use and aided the clinicians in terms of time saving and patient management. Hence, follow-up of OLP patients can be carried out more efficiently and appropriately. TMM can be used for surveillance of other oral precancerous lesions and conditions.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology*; Precancerous Conditions/pathology*; Lichen Planus, Oral/pathology*
  17. Fulltext Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) activity in hepatocellular carcinoma, benign peri-neoplastic and normal liver
    Mun KS, Cheah PL, Baharudin NB, Looi LM
    Malays J Pathol, 2006 Dec;28(2):73-7.
    PMID: 18376794 MyJurnal
    Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the ten most common cancers in Malaysian males. As cellular proliferation is an important feature of malignant transformation, we studied the proliferation pattern of normal and benign perineoplastic liver versus hepatocellular carcinoma in an attempt to further understand the tumour transformation process. 39 HCC (21 with accompanying and 18 without cirrhosis) histologically diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, University of Malaya Medical Centre between January 1992 and December 2003 were immunohistochemically studied using a monoclonal antibody to PCNA (Clone PC10: Dako). 20 livers from cases who had succumbed to traumatic injuries served as normal liver controls (NL). PCNA labeling index (PCNA-LI) was determined by counting the number of immunopositive cells in 1000 contiguous HCC, benign cirrhotic perineoplastic liver (BLC), benign perineoplastic non-cirrhotic (BLNC) and NL cells and conversion to a percentage. The PCNA-LI was also expressed as Ojanguren et al's grades. PCNA was expressed in 10% NL, 38.9% BLNC, 76.2% BLC and 71.8% HCC with BLNC, BLC and HCC showing significantly increased (p < 0.05) number of cases which expressed PCNA compared with NL. The number of BLC which expressed PCNA was also significantly increased compared with BLNC. PCNA-LI ranged from 0-2.0% (mean = 0.2%) in NL, 0-2.0% (mean = 0.3%) in BLNC, 0-3.6% (mean = 0.7%) in BLC and 0-53.8% (mean = 7.6%) in HCC with PCNA-LI significantly increased (p < 0.05) only in HCC compared with BLC, BLNC and NL. Accordingly, all NL, BLC and BLNC showed minimal (<5% cells being immunopositive) immunoreactivity on Ojanguren et al's grading system and only HCC demonstrated immunoreactivity which ranged up to grade 3 (75% of cells). From this study, there appears to be a generally increasing trend of proliferative activity from NL to BLNC to BLC and HCC. Nonetheless, BLNC and BLC, like NL, retained low PCNA-LI and only HCC had a significantly increased PCNA-LI compared with the benign categories. This is probably related to the malignant nature of HCC and may reflect the uncontrolled proliferation of the neoplastic hepatocytes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology; Liver Cirrhosis/pathology; Liver Neoplasms/pathology
  18. Amelanotic spitzoid melanoma in a prepubescent boy
    Goh EH, Zarina AL, Thambidorai CR, Maizaton AA, Siti AM, Somasundram S
    Pediatr Surg Int, 2008 Apr;24(4):447-9.
    PMID: 17437116
    The diagnosis of malignant melanoma (MM) in children is difficult due to its uncommon occurrence as well histological similarities to Spitz nevus. A case of MM of the foot in an 11-year-old boy is reported illustrating the histological overlap between Spitz nevus and MM. In our patient, both the primary foot lesion and the regional inguinal metastases were amelanotic, further increasing the diagnostic difficulty. The literature on MM in children is limited and the documentation of such unusual cases is necessary to improve the knowledge on this disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Skin Neoplasms/pathology*; Melanoma, Amelanotic/pathology*; Nevus, Epithelioid and Spindle Cell/pathology*
  19. Fulltext Images in clinical medicine. Virchow's node (Troisier's sign)
    Loh KY, Yushak AW
    N Engl J Med, 2007 Jul 19;357(3):282.
    PMID: 17634463 DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm063871
    Matched MeSH terms: Common Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology*; Lymph Nodes/pathology*; Ampulla of Vater/pathology
  20. Endometrial and endocervical secretion: the search for histochemical differentiation
    Nieuwenhuizen L, Khalil MK, Venkatesh N, Othman NH
    Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol., 2006 Apr;28(2):87-96.
    PMID: 16637511
    To determine the ideal histochemical stain to differentiate between non-neoplastic and neoplastic endocervix and endometrium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Adenocarcinoma/pathology; Cervix Uteri/pathology; Endometrium/pathology
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