MyMedR

Displaying publications 1441 - 1460 of 3038 in total

Abstract:

Sort:

Absenteeism in the workforce, Klang Valley, Malaysia--preliminary report

Indran SK, Gopal RK, Omar A

Asia Pac J Public Health, 1995;8(2):109-13.
PMID: 9037807 DOI: 10.1177/101053959500800209

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sickness absenteeism among the three types of agencies, government, semi-government (boards) and private (public) companies. The methodology involved eliciting retrospective data on medical leave over the year 1990 by requesting the agencies to fill up a questionnaire (Appendix I), and calculating the indices of absenteeism from this data. The results show that the private agencies scored higher for all the indices but only the "lost time" percentage was significantly increased. Females also had significantly higher severity of sickness absenteeism rates in all the agencies. Overtime work was associated with higher absenteeism indices, markedly noted in the private agencies. In conclusion, agencies showed work out their own indices of absenteeism so that it could be compared with national rates.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Hydatidiform molar pregnancy in Malaysian women: a histopathological study from the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Cheah PL, Looi LM, Sivanesaratnam V

Malays J Pathol, 1993 Jun;15(1):59-63.
PMID: 8277792

A review of gestational trophoblastic disease diagnosed at the Department of Pathology, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur from January 1989 to December 1990 using established histological criteria showed 25 complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), 11 partial hydatidiform moles (PHM), 1 invasive mole and 2 choriocarcinoma. The ages of the patients with CHM ranged from 21 to 43 years (mean = 28.5 years) and PHM 20 to 33 years (mean = 27.5 years). The invasive mole occurred in a 42-year-old Malay woman. The two patients with choriocarcinoma were both Chinese and 41 and 46-years old respectively. During the same period, 1,062 non-molar abortions and 13,115 births, inclusive of livebirths and stillbirths were recorded at the University Hospital. The incidence rate of hydatidiform moles was thus estimated to be 1:384 pregnancies. PHM constituted 30% of all molar pregnancies. Hydatidiform moles occurred among the Malays, Chinese and Indians at the rate of 2.43, 2.66 and 3.29 per 1,000 pregnancies respectively. It appears that hydatidiform molar pregnancy has the highest prevalence among the Indians, a finding similar to an earlier Singapore study.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in northeastern Malaysia

Kamaliah MD, Zainal D, Mokhtar N, Nazmi N

Int J Dermatol, 1998 Jul;37(7):520-3.
PMID: 9679693

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have reported that drugs and infections are common causes of erythema multiforme (EM) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS). Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is mainly related to drugs. No study has been conducted in Kelantan, the northeastern state of Malaysia, to assess these cutaneous reactions.
METHODS: A retrospective study of all hospitalized cases of EM, SJS, and TEN was conducted covering an 8-year period from 1987 to 1994.
RESULTS: There were four cases (13.8%) of EM, 22 cases (75.9%) of SJS, and three cases (10.3%) of TEN. Drugs as a definitive cause was observed in one case (25%) of EM, 12 cases (54.5%) of SJS, and two cases (66.7%) of TEN. Drugs as a probable cause was observed in seven cases (31.8%) of SJS and one case (33.3%) of TEN. The male to female ratio was equal in EM and SJS. Antiepileptics were the commonest culprits, followed by antibiotics. One patient died of SJS and one patient died of TEN, giving mortality rates of 4.5% and 33.5% respectively. Fever was noted in 18 patients (62.1%). Leukocytosis was noted in 10 patients (34.5%), and nine patients (31.0%) had elevated liver transaminase enzymes. No significant correlation was noted between these biochemical changes and cutaneous eruption. Secondary infections were observed in 11 patients (37.9%): Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest isolated organism.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that drugs remain the commonest culprit in SJS and TEN. Despite adequate treatment, the mortality rate remains high, especially in TEN. These findings are similar to those of other reported studies.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
The pattern of chronic renal failure in Kelantan, northeastern state of Malaysia

Zainal D, Monniaty M, Nazmi N

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1995 Dec;26(4):781-4.
PMID: 9139394

The pattern and outcome of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) in Kelantan, the northeastern state of Malaysia was determined. A total of 60 patients with CRF managed at the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia between January 1991 and June 1993 were reviewed retrospectively. The prevalence of CRF was 24.8 patients per year. The ratio of male to female patients was 1.5 : 1.0. Their mean age at presentation was 51.4 +/- 13.7 years. The cause of CRF in majority of our patients was unknown. Their mean blood urea and serum creatinine were 38.9 +/- 9.8 mmol/l and 1,154.9 +/- 458.7 mumol/l respectively. Sixty-five percent of our patients were already in end-stage renal failure (ESRF) at the time of presentation and only 53.8% of them could afford a definitive renal replacement therapy. Their mortality rate was 21.7% and majority of the death occurred in patients who were not receiving definitive renal replacement therapy. This debilitating course will continue unless the cost of renal replacement therapy is subsidised or a renal transplantation program is activated. Hence public education to encourage organ donation in this part of Malysia is necessary.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Late-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical and immunological characteristics

Shaikh SK, Wang F

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):25-31.
PMID: 7752972

Between January 1976 and December 1992, 17 patients on follow-up at Systemic Erythematosus (SLE) Clinic in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur had onset of the disease after the age of 50 years. This constituted about 4% of our total SLE patients. They formed a distinct subgroup of the lupus population with an insidious onset and have a benign course compared to the younger SLE patients. Arthritis and skin rashes were the commonest initial manifestations. Renal and central nervous system manifestations were uncommon but pulmonary involvement was frequent compared to young SLE patients. The prevalence of positive autoantibodies and hypocomplementaemia were lower. Disease activity showed no correlation with erythrocyte sendimentation rate, autoantibodies or complement levels. Overall prognosis in these late-onset patients was favourable with a good response to steroids and less frequent relapses.
Study site: SLE clinic, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Performance of elderly primigravidae in Kelantan

Achanna S, Monga D

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Mar;50(1):37-41.
PMID: 7752974

The obstetric performance of 59 elderly primigravidae delivering at the University Hospital, Kelantan, between January 1, 1987 and December 12, 1988 is compared with that of 60 young primigravidae delivering during the same time period. The total number of deliveries during this period was 16,284, and the predominant ethnic group was Malays. Apart from an increased incidence of preeclampsia (23.7% vs. 13.3%), breech presentation (6.78% vs. 3.33%) and Caesarean sections (74.6% vs. 10%) among the study group, there were no other statistically significant obstetric complications. Majority of Caesarean sections were done as emergency procedures, the principal indications being poor progress of labour and foetal distress. The neonatal outcome (in terms of birthweight, gestational age and breastfeeding at discharge) was similar in the two groups. For most women in both groups this was the first marriage, though a higher proportion in the study group had an interval of more than two years between marriage and childbirth.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Cytopathologic changes associated with intrauterine contraceptive devices. A review of cervico-vaginal smears in 350 women

Pillay B, Gregory AR, Subbiah M

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Mar;49(1):74-7.
PMID: 8057995

Cervico-vaginal smears from 350 IUCD users were analysed to ascertain the range of abnormalities induced in the genital tract of these women. Alteration of the microbial environment, inflammatory, degenerative, reparative and proplastic epithelial changes were the salient cytological findings. The clinical implications of these are briefly discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Auricular sinus

Esa R, Solahuddin M

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Sep;48(3):286-92.
PMID: 8183140

A total of 56 subjects with auricular sinuses were investigated at the ENT clinic of University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) from April 1986 to April 1987. Infection was the main complaint, accounting for 60% of the cases. Chinese formed the majority of the patients (51%) and the commonest age group was between 1 to 10 years. Multiple anomalies were seen more amongst the Indians and none were noted among the Chinese subjects. Hearing loss was noted in 6% of the cases. Only infected cases were operated and none showed recurrence.
Study site: ENT clinic, Pusat Perubatan University Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM), Kualal Lumpur, Malaysia

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Liam CK, Wang F

Lupus, 1992 Dec;1(6):379-85.
PMID: 1304406 DOI: 10.1177/096120339200100607

At the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, nine patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were treated for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) between January 1987 and December 1988. When they developed PCP all the patients' SLE disease course was active and eight of them were on prednisolone. Four of these eight patients were also receiving cyclophosphamide. Patients who were on more intensive immunosuppressive therapy were found to develop more severe PCP. All the patients except one were treated with high-dose cotrimoxazole. Four patients responded to antipneumocystis treatment and survived, while PCP was responsible for the death of the five non-survivors.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Treatment of bleeding gastroesophageal varices: a report of forty-four cases

Tay SK, Leong YP, Meah FA, Abdullah T, Zain AR

Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):267-72.
PMID: 1303478

Bleeding gastroesophageal varices is associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Forty-four cases of bleeding gastroesophageal varices were treated at the Department of Surgery, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur over four and a half years. Thirty-two of them had liver cirrhosis. Hepatitis B infection was noted in 13 and alcoholic abuse was present in 14 patients. Five patients had associated hepatoma. Thirty-four percent had gastric fundal varices and a third of these bled from them. A total of 179 endoscopic injection sclerotherapy sessions were performed averaging 4 per person. Rebleeding rate was 4% and mortality was high (50%) in these cases. It was concluded that injection sclerotherapy is a safe and effective means of controlling bleeding oesophageal varices. Operative surgery was employed in those who rebled after injection and would be considered in those in Child's A.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
The pregnancy outcome of acyanotic heart disease

Chia P, Raman S, Tham SW

J Obstet Gynaecol Res, 1998 Aug;24(4):267-73.
PMID: 9798356

To study the pregnancy outcome of women with acyanotic heart disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Adult dengue haemorrhagic fever at Kuala Lumpur Hospital: retrospective study of 102 cases

Ibrahim NM, Cheong I

Br J Clin Pract, 1995 Jul-Aug;49(4):189-91.
PMID: 7547159

A retrospective study involving 102 adults with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) was conducted to investigate the demographic aspect, clinical presenting features, laboratory investigations, complications, and mortality associated with the disease. The clinical diagnosis of DHF was in accordance with WHO recommendations. Epistaxis, gingivitis, haematemesis and gastritis were among the common complications. Platelet levels tended to decline from a higher value on admission (mean 67,000/mm3) to lower levels on subsequent days, with the lowest (mean 61,000/mm3) being on day 6 of the fever. Hyponatraemia (46.8%) was commonly observed. Morbidity of DHF was significant (29.4%) but the case fatality rate remained low (2.0%) in our adults, suggesting that adults are less likely than children to suffer from shock syndrome.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Glomerulonephritis in Kelantan, Malaysia: a review of the histological pattern

Zainal D, Riduan A, Ismail AM, Norhayati O

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 1995 Mar;26(1):149-53.
PMID: 8525403

Renal biopsy is essential in the management of renal parenchymal diseases. Thus far there is no publish report on the pattern of glomerulonephritis in Kelantan. We decided to establish the pattern of glomerulonephritis in Kelantan and use this information as our reference in future studies. Records of patients who had proven glomerulonephritis histologically were analysed. Their biological data, clinical presentation, etiology and clinicopathological pattern were studied. Where appropriate mean and standard deviation were calculated. A total of 74 biopsies were performed during the study period (between January 1991 and December 1993), out of which 72 biopsies (97.3%) were considered suitable for analysis. The male to female ratio was 1:1.1. Mean age at presentation was 27.6 +/- 12.2 years. Nephrotic syndrome was the commonest clinical presentation (65.3%). The main underlying cause was systemic lupus erythematosus (50%) followed by primary glomerulonephritis. Histologically, IgA nephropathy and minimal change disease were the main patterns among patients with primary glomerulonephritis while diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis was the commonest pattern among patients with lupus nephritis. Hence the pattern of glomerulonephritis is similar to other reported series. The procedure is considered safe and has a high success rate.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Tuberous sclerosis complex: a review with a study of eight cases

Malik AS, Hussin ZA, Shriwas SR, Kasim ZM

Med J Malaysia, 1994 Dec;49(4):375-84.
PMID: 7674974

This paper reviews the subject of tuberous sclerosis complex and presents data in eight cases of this condition, admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a period of 8.5 years. The average age at presentation was 53 months. Seizures were the most common presenting feature. Male to female ratio was 3:1. Family history was present in four patients. All of the patients had one or more skin lesions. Six of them had retinal in six patients. Two patients had renal angiomyolipomas. A high index of hamartomas. Cardiac tumours were found in two patients. Multiple subependymal hamartomas were detected in six patients. Two patients had renal angiomyolipomas. A high index of suspicion and a detailed physical examination is required to diagnose this rare disorder.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext A comparative study of branch retinal vein occlusion and central vein occlusion amongst Malaysian patients

Teoh SL, Amarjeet K

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Dec;48(4):410-5.
PMID: 8183164

A retrospective study of 95 patients with retinal vein occlusion was carried out to determine the clinical presentation and pattern of distribution in the local Malaysian population. There was no significant difference found in its distribution with regards to sex. In comparing branch retinal vein occlusion with central retinal vein occlusion, no significant differences were found in its racial distribution. Branch retinal vein occlusion occurred more commonly among the older patients whereas the converse is true for central retinal vein occlusion. Reduced vision represents the commonest mode of presentation. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and haematological disorders are important associated systemic conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext Anaesthetic contribution to deaths in the operating theatre at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur--a retrospective survey

Tan I, Delilkan AE

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Dec;48(4):397-402.
PMID: 8183162

From January 1980 to August 1992, there were 125 deaths occurring in the operating theatre at the University Hospital Kuala Lumpur. Out of these 125, six were judged to have been mainly 'due to anaesthesia.' In the same time period, there were a total of 155,000 anaesthetics given in the hospital. This gives an anaesthetic death rate (in the operating theatre) of six out of 155,000 or 0.39:10,000.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Blunt abdominal trauma--injury assessment in relation to early surgery

Visvanathan R, Low HC

J R Coll Surg Edinb, 1993 Feb;38(1):19-22.
PMID: 8437147

One hundred and thirteen patients sustaining blunt abdominal trauma over a 24-month period were retrospectively divided into three groups to assess parameters of three diagnostic methods and the time-lapse before implementing surgical treatment. Diagnosis was based in group A patients (n = 20) on physical findings, plain radiology, and blood and urine examinations. Diagnostic methods in group B patients (n = 35) and in group C patients (n = 58) were as in group A but with the addition of diagnostic peritoneal lavage (DPL) in group B or with the addition of diagnostic abdominal ultrasonography (DAU) in group C. Sixty-five patients underwent abdominal exploration. The time-lag from commencement of examination to surgery was 332.33 +/- 48.90 min, 251.82 +/- 29.08 min and 570.89 +/- 133.80 min respectively in groups A, B and C. It was significantly shorter in group B compared with group C (P = 0.03). DPL had a sensitivity of 95%, a specificity of 81% and an accuracy of 89% whilst DAU had a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 85% and an accuracy of 83% in detecting significant injury. The conclusion is that DPL in combination with DAU would facilitate early assessment and treatment of intra-abdominal injuries.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Breast cancer in Singapore: trends in incidence 1968-1992

Seow A, Duffy SW, McGee MA, Lee J, Lee HP

Int J Epidemiol, 1996 Feb;25(1):40-5.
PMID: 8666502

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer among women in Singapore, a country which has experienced significant changes in lifestyle over the past three decades. The increase in incidence of the disease is a matter of some concern.
METHODS: Data from the population-based Singapore Cancer Registry for 1968-1992 were used to determine time trends, inter-ethnic differences and the contributions of age, period and cohort effects to the incidence of the disease.
RESULTS: Our results revealed an average annual increase of 3.6% over the 25-year period for all women, form 20.2 per 100,000 women in the period 1968-1972 to 38.8 per 100,000 in 1988-1992. There was a statistically significant difference between the three major ethnic groups, the rate of increase being highest in Malays (4.4%) and lowest in Indians (1.4%). The overall increase was attributable to a strong cohort effect that remained significant when adjusted for time period for Chinese women and for all ethnic groups combined. The risk was observed to increase in successive birth cohorts from the 1890s to 1960s.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that breast cancer incidence rates are likely to continue to increase more sharply in the future as women born after the mid-20th century reach the high-risk age groups. They also suggest the pattern by which important aetiological factors for the disease in our population have exerted their effects, and provide support for the role of demographic and lifestyle changes as possible risk factors.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Fulltext The incidence of post-operative wound infection in orthopaedic surgery

Dhillon KS, Kok CS

Med J Malaysia, 1995 Sep;50(3):237-40.
PMID: 8926901

With the increase in the number of orthopaedic surgeons and the aggressive marketing by manufacturing companies, high technology orthopaedic surgery is being more frequently carried out in Malaysia. Post-operative sepsis complicating this type of surgery can have disastrous consequences. No data is available in this country on the incidence of post-operative infection in Orthopaedic Surgery. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of post-operative infection. A retrospective survey of 703 patients undergoing elective Orthopaedic Surgery in the year 1991 was carried out. We found an overall post-operative infection rate of 6.8% and a deep infection rate of 3.3%. This figure of 3.3% is higher than the internationally accepted figure of less than 2%. A need for ongoing surveillance and concerned effort to reduce the infection rate is stressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies
Intracranial haemorrhage and child abuse

Cheah IG, Kasim MS, Shafie HM, Khoo TH

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1994;14(4):325-8.
PMID: 7880096

Intracranial haemorrhage is a major cause of severe morbidity and mortality in child abuse cases in developed countries. However, similar data are not available in most developing countries. This study therefore aimed to determine the incidence of intracranial haemorrhage amongst all cases of child physical abuse, the nature of the injuries incurred, and the morbidity and mortality resulting therefrom. Among 369 cases of physical abuse seen over a 4-year period, 41 (11.4%) had intracranial haemorrhage, of whom 37 (90%) were 2 years old or less. A history of trauma was present in only eight (20%), of which only two were compatible with the injuries incurred. Subdural haemorrhages accounted for 80% of the cases, with skull fractures present in only nine cases. Fifty-four per cent of the 37 children aged 2 years of age or less had no external signs of trauma, but 11 of them had retinal haemorrhages. This is in contrast to the children older than 2 years of age who all had external signs of trauma. The overall prognosis was dismal with an early mortality of almost 30% (13 cases) and at least seven cases with severe neurological sequelae. These findings are comparable with studies from developed countries which have established that non-accidental injury must be considered as a cause of intracranial haemorrhage in any young child, despite the absence of external signs of trauma.

Matched MeSH terms: Retrospective Studies

Filters

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links