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Anammox process for aquaculture wastewater treatment: operational condition, mechanism, and future prospective

Ismail IN, Taufik M, Umor NA, Norulhuda MR, Zulkarnaini Z, Ismail S

Water Sci Technol, 2022 Dec;86(12):3093-3112.
PMID: 36579872 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.403

Treatment of ammonia- and nitrate-rich wastewater, such as that generated in the aquaculture industry, is important to prevent environmental pollution. The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been reported as a great alternative in reducing ammoniacal nitrogen concentration in aquaculture wastewater treatment compared to conventional treatment systems. This paper will highlight the impact of the anammox process on aquaculture wastewater, particularly in the regulation of ammonia and nitrogen compounds. The state of the art for anammox treatment systems is discussed in comparison to other available treatment methods. While the anammox process is viable for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater, the efficiency of nitrogen removal could be further improved through the proper use of anammox bacteria, operating conditions, and microbial diversity. In conclusion, a new model of the anammox process is proposed in this review.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: Occurrence and strategies in Southeast Asia

Suyamud B, Chen Y, Quyen DTT, Dong Z, Zhao C, Hu J

Sci Total Environ, 2024 Jan 10;907:167942.
PMID: 37863226 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167942

Aquaculture is a highly important and expanding industry in Southeast Asia (SEA). An upcoming problem is the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens due to the unchecked use of antibiotics and human clinical practices. This review focused insight into the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and strategies from SEA aquaculture based on the original research publication over the period 2002 to 2023. Amongst the 11 SEA countries, the most AMR report has come from Vietnam, Malaysia, and Thailand, respectively. The AMR found in SEA aquaculture were classified into 17 drug classes. The most reported AMR are aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, (fluoro)quinolones, tetracycline, sulpha group and multi-drug. Beta-lactams, tetracycline, sulpha group are reported in each country with the reported frequencies higher than 40 %. Escherichia coli, Aeromonas and Vibrio are the most widely and frequently reported ARB in SEA aquaculture. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indexes for the sample containing multiple bacterial isolates were generally low, while the medium numbers of MAR indexes for the typical bacteria species were higher than 0.2 and showed higher MAR levels than the global mean. Most of the detected ARGs are related to beta-lactams, tetracycline, sulpha group, and aminoglycosides. Amongst the beta-lactam resistance genes, blaTEM, and blaSHV are the most frequently detected. Almost all the available information of antibiotics, ARB and ARGs in SEA aquaculture was consistent with the global scale analysis. In addition, factors that contribute to the development and spread of AMR in SEA aquaculture were discussed. Moreover, the national action plan to combat AMR in SEA countries and the available technologies that already applied in the SEA aquaculture are also included in this review. Such findings underline the need for synergistic efforts from scientists, engineers, policy makers, government managers, entrepreneurs, and communities to manage and reduce the burden of AMR in aquaculture of SEA countries.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Effect of the number of Cyperus rotundus and medium height on the performance of batch-constructed wetland in treating aquaculture effluent

Imron MF, Hestianingsi WOA, Putranto TWC, Citrasari N, Abdullah SRS, Hasan HA, et al.

Chemosphere, 2024 Apr;353:141595.
PMID: 38438021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141595

Increasing aquaculture cultivation produces large quantities of wastewater. If not handled properly, it can have negative impacts on the environment. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are one of the phytoremediation methods that can be applied to treat aquaculture effluent. This research was aimed at determining the performance of Cyperus rotundus in removing COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate from the batch CW system. Treatment was carried out for 30 days with variations in the number of plants (10, 15, and 20) and variations in media height (10, 12, and 14 cm). The result showed that aquaculture effluent contains high levels of organic compounds and nutrients, and C. rotundus can grow and thrive in 100% of aquaculture effluent. Besides that, the use of C. rotundus in CWs with the effect of numbers of plants and media height showed performance of COD, BOD, TSS, turbidity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate with 70, 79, 90, 96, 64, 82, 92, and 48% of removal efficacy, respectively. There was no negative impact observed on C. rotundus growth after exposure to aquaculture effluent, as indicated by the increase in wet weight, dry weight, and growth rate when compared to the control. Thus, adding aquaculture effluent to CWs planted with C. rotundus supports the growth and development of plants while also performing phytoremediation.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Fulltext Bopyrid isopods parasitizing on the cultured fresh water prawn,Macrobrachiummalcolmsoniiin South India

Gopalakrishnan A, Raja K, Trilles JP, Rajkumar M, Rahman MM, Saravanakumar A

J Parasit Dis, 2017 Mar;41(1):93-96.
PMID: 28316394 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-016-0756-7

The bopyrid isopods are common in wildMacrobrachiumspp. but not common in aquaculture condition. This is the first study that reports the parasitizing of bopyrid isopods on the culturedM. malcolmsonii. Bopyrid isopod (Probopyrus buitendijki) was identified in the branchial cavities of the fresh water prawn,M. malcolmsoniifrom grow-out culture pond at Kuriyamangalam, India.Macrobrachium malcolmsoniiis a new host forP. buitendijki. A total of 1323M. malcolmsoniiwere checked for this study. The overall prevalence of the parasitic infestation was reached 46.2 %. The parasitic infection was higher in female (83 %) than in male (3.4 %). Highest prevalence of infestation was found in the median size group (7-8 cm) (58.7 %). Infected females were not berried unlike uninfected prawns. The parasites cause infertility and does not found any organ deformities due to the infestation. The parasite was inversely attached in the gill chamber with no lesion on the gill but the infected branchial chamber became bulged.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Antibiotic Resistance of Diverse Bacteria from Aquaculture in Borneo

Kathleen MM, Samuel L, Felecia C, Reagan EL, Kasing A, Lesley M, et al.

Int J Microbiol, 2016;2016:2164761.
PMID: 27746817

The administration of antimicrobials in aquaculture provides a selective pressure creating a reservoir of multiple resistant bacteria in the cultured fish and shrimps as well as the aquaculture environment. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of antibiotic resistance in aquaculture products and aquaculture's surrounding environment in Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Ninety-four identified bacterial isolates constituted of 17 genera were isolated from sediment, water, and cultured organisms (fish and shrimp) in selected aquaculture farms. These isolates were tested for their antibiotic resistance against 22 antibiotics from several groups using the disk diffusion method. The results show that the highest resistance was observed towards streptomycin (85%, n = 20), while the lowest resistance was towards gentamicin (1.1%, n = 90). The multiple antibiotic resistant (MAR) index of the isolates tested ranged between 0 and 0.63. It was suggested that isolates with MAR index > 0.2 were recovered from sources with high risk of antibiotic resistant contamination. This study revealed low level of antibiotic resistance in the aquaculture bacterial isolates except for streptomycin and ampicillin (>50% resistance, n = 94) which have been used in the aquaculture industry for several decades. Antibiotic resistant patterns should be continuously monitored to predict the emergence and widespread of MAR. Effective action is needed to keep the new resistance from further developing and spreading.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
The Potential of Fish Protein Hydrolysate Supplementation in Nile Tilapia Diets: Effects on Growth and Health Performance, Disease Resistance, and Farm Economic Analysis

Kabir MA, Nandi SK, Suma AY, Abdul Kari Z, Mohamad Sukri SA, Wei LS, et al.

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2024 Oct;196(10):7145-7167.
PMID: 38489116 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04913-7

Fish protein hydrolysate (FPH) has shown immense potential as a dietary protein supplement and immunostimulant in aquaculture, especially in Nile tilapia production. Four isoproteic diets (30% crude protein) were prepared by including FPH at varying percentages (0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%). Nile tilapia fed with FPH diets for 90 days, and their growth performance, feed utilization, blood biochemistry, liver and gut morphology, and resistance against Streptococcus iniae were investigated. The findings revealed that diets physical attributes such as pellet durability index and water stability were remarkably (p

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Fulltext Management and Mitigation of Vibriosis in Aquaculture: Nanoparticles as Promising Alternatives

Kah Sem NAD, Abd Gani S, Chong CM, Natrah I, Shamsi S

Int J Mol Sci, 2023 Aug 08;24(16).
PMID: 37628723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612542

Vibriosis is one of the most common diseases in marine aquaculture, caused by bacteria belonging to the genus Vibrio, that has been affecting many species of economically significant aquatic organisms around the world. The prevention of vibriosis in aquaculture is difficult, and the various treatments for vibriosis have their limitations. Therefore, there is an imperative need to find new alternatives. This review is based on the studies on vibriosis, specifically on the various treatments and their limitations, as well as the application of nanoparticles in aquaculture. One of the promising nanoparticles is graphene oxide (GO), which has been used in various applications, particularly in biological applications such as biosensors, drug delivery, and potential treatment for infectious diseases. GO has been shown to have anti-bacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, but no research has been published that emphasizes its impact on Vibrio spp. The review aims to explore the potential use of GO for treatment against vibriosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
The end of the line: who is most at risk from the crisis in global fisheries?

Hall SJ, Dugan P, Allison EH, Andrew NL

Ambio, 2010 Feb;39(1):78-80.
PMID: 20496655
Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Are Pyrodinium blooms in the Southeast Asian region recurring and spreading? A view at the end of the millennium

Azanza RV, Taylor FJ

Ambio, 2001 Sep;30(6):356-64.
PMID: 11757284

Pyrodinium bahamense (var. compressum) has been the only dinoflagellate species that has caused major public health and economic problems in the Southeast Asian region for more than 2 decades now. It produces saxitoxin, a suite of toxins that cause Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP). A serious toxicological problem affecting many countries of the world, mild cases of this poisoning can occur within 30 minutes while in extreme cases, death through respiratory paralysis may occur within 2-24 hrs of ingestion of intoxicated shellfish. Blooms of the organism have been reported in Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, the Philippines and Indonesia. The ASEAN-Canada Red Tide Network has recorded 31 blooms of the organism in 26 areas since 1976 when it first occurred in Sabah, Malaysia. As of 1999, the most hard hit country has been the Philippines which has the greatest number of areas affected (18) and highest number of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) cases (about 1995). Malaysia has reported a total of 609 PSP cases and 44 deaths while Brunei has recorded 14 PSP cases and no fatalities. Indonesia, on the other hand has a record of 427 PSP cases and 17 deaths. Studies on ecological/environmental impacts of these blooms have not been done in the region. Estimates of economic impacts have shown that the loss could be up to USD 300,000 day-1. Most of the data and information useful for understanding Pyrodinium bloom dynamics have come from harmful/toxic algal monitoring and research that have developed to different degrees in the various countries in the region affected by the organism's bloom. Regional collaborative research and monitoring efforts can help harmonize local data sets and ensure their quality and availability for comparative analysis and modeling. Temporal patterns of the blooms at local and regional scales and possible signals and trends in the occurrence/recurrence and spread of Pyrodinium blooms could be investigated. Existing descriptive and simple predictive models of Pyrodinium blooms can be improved and refined to help in the management of the wild harvest and aquaculture of shellfish in a region where the people are dependent on these resources for their daily food sustainance and livelihood.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Deposition of tocopherol and tocotrienol in the tissues of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis sp., fed vitamin E-free diets supplemented with different plant oils

Lee KS, Yuen KH, Ng WK

Fish Physiol Biochem, 2013 Dec;39(6):1457-71.
PMID: 23604920 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-013-9799-1

Vitamin E, a potent antioxidant consisting of four isomers each (α, β, γ, δ) of tocopherol (T) and tocotrienol (T3), is found naturally in plant oils at different concentrations. In this study, four semi-purified isonitrogenous and isolipidic (10 %) diets containing canola oil, cold-pressed soybean oil, wheat germ oil, or palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD) as the sole vitamin E source were fed to triplicate groups of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fingerlings (14.82 ± 0.05 g) for 45 days. Vitamin E concentrations and composition were measured in the muscle, liver, skin, and adipose tissue. Deposition of α-T (53.4-93.1 % of total vitamin E) predominated over deposition of other isomers, except in the liver of fish fed the SBO diet, where α-T and γ-T deposition was in the ratio 40:60. T3 deposition (2.6-29.4 %) was only detected in tissues of fish fed the PFAD diet; adipose tissue was the major storage depot. Fish fed the SBO diet contained significantly more (P

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture*
Fulltext Non-farmed fish contribute to greater micronutrient intakes than farmed fish: results from an intra-household survey in rural Bangladesh

Bogard JR, Marks GC, Mamun A, Thilsted SH

Public Health Nutr, 2017 03;20(4):702-711.
PMID: 27702421 DOI: 10.1017/S1368980016002615

OBJECTIVE: Fish is the most important animal-source food (ASF) in Bangladesh, produced from capture fisheries (non-farmed) and aquaculture (farmed) sub-sectors. Large differences in micronutrient content of fish species from these sub-sectors exist. The importance of fish in diets of vulnerable groups compared with other ASF; contribution from non-farmed and farmed species to nutrient intakes; and differences in fish consumption among age, gender, wealth groups and geographic regions were analysed, using quantitative intra-household fish consumption data, focusing on the first 1000 d of life.
DESIGN: Two-stage stratified sample.
SETTING: Nationally representative of rural Bangladesh.
SUBJECTS: Households (n 5503) and individuals (n 24 198).
RESULTS: Fish consumption in poor households was almost half that in wealthiest households; and lower in females than males in all groups, except the wealthiest, and for those aged ≥15 years (P<0·01). In infants of complementary feeding age, 56 % did not consume ASF on the survey day, despite 78 % of mothers knowing this was recommended. Non-farmed fish made a larger contribution to Fe, Zn, Ca, vitamin A and vitamin B12 intakes than farmed fish (P<0·0001).
CONCLUSIONS: Policies and programmes aimed to increase fish consumption as a means to improve nutrition in rural Bangladesh should focus on women and young children, and on the poorest households. Aquaculture plays an important role in increasing availability and affordability of fish; however, non-farmed fish species are better placed to contribute to greater micronutrient intakes. This presents an opportunity for aquaculture to contribute to improved nutrition, utilising diverse production technologies and fish species, including small fish.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture/statistics & numerical data*
Multi-class of endocrine disrupting compounds in aquaculture ecosystems and health impacts in exposed biota

Ismail NAH, Wee SY, Aris AZ

Chemosphere, 2017 Dec;188:375-388.
PMID: 28892772 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.08.150

Fishes are a major protein food source for humans, with a high economic value in the aquaculture industry. Because endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have been introduced into aquatic ecosystems, the exposure of humans and animals that depend on aquatic foods, especially fishes, should be seriously considered. EDCs are emerging pollutants causing global concern because they can disrupt the endocrine system in aquatic organisms, mammals, and humans. These pollutants have been released into the environment through many sources, e.g., wastewater treatment plants, terrestrial run-off (industrial activities, pharmaceuticals, and household waste), and precipitation. The use of pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and fertilizers for maintaining and increasing fish health and growth also contributes to EDC pollution in the water body. Human and animal exposure to EDCs occurs via ingestion of contaminated matrices, especially aquatic foodstuffs. This paper aims to review human EDC exposure via fish consumption. In respect to the trace concentration of EDCs in fish, types of instrument and clean-up method are of great concerns.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture/methods*
Fulltext Blue food demand across geographic and temporal scales

Naylor RL, Kishore A, Sumaila UR, Issifu I, Hunter BP, Belton B, et al.

Nat Commun, 2021 Sep 15;12(1):5413.
PMID: 34526495 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25516-4

Numerous studies have focused on the need to expand production of 'blue foods', defined as aquatic foods captured or cultivated in marine and freshwater systems, to meet rising population- and income-driven demand. Here we analyze the roles of economic, demographic, and geographic factors and preferences in shaping blue food demand, using secondary data from FAO and The World Bank, parameters from published models, and case studies at national to sub-national scales. Our results show a weak cross-sectional relationship between per capita income and consumption globally when using an aggregate fish metric. Disaggregation by fish species group reveals distinct geographic patterns; for example, high consumption of freshwater fish in China and pelagic fish in Ghana and Peru where these fish are widely available, affordable, and traditionally eaten. We project a near doubling of global fish demand by mid-century assuming continued growth in aquaculture production and constant real prices for fish. Our study concludes that nutritional and environmental consequences of rising demand will depend on substitution among fish groups and other animal source foods in national diets.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture/methods
Comparison of unmodified and modified BCR sequential extraction schemes for the fractionation of heavy metals in shrimp aquaculture sludge from Selangor, Malaysia

Nemati K, Abu Bakar NK, Abas MR, Sobhanzadeh E, Low KH

Environ Monit Assess, 2011 May;176(1-4):313-20.
PMID: 20632089 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1584-3

A study was carried out to investigate the fractionation of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in shrimp aquaculture sludge from Selangor, Malaysia, using original (unmodified) and modified four-steps BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference, now known as the Standards Measurements and Testing Program) sequential extraction scheme. Step 2 of the unmodified BCR procedure (subsequently called Method A) involves treatment with 0.1 M hydroxylammonium chloride at pH 2, whereas 0.5 M hydroxylammonium chloride at pH 1.5 was used in the modified BCR procedure (subsequently called Method B). Metal analyses were carried out by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. A pseudo-total aqua-regia digest of BCR CRM 701 has also been undertaken for quality assurance purposes. The recovery of Method A for all metals studied ranges from 96.14% to 105.26%, while the recovery for Method B ranges from 95.94% to 122.40%. Our results reveal that Method A underestimated the proportion of metals bound to the easily reducible fraction except for copper. Therefore, the potential mobility of these elements is higher than others. Thus, to use this sludge as a fertilizer we have to first find a remediation for reduction of heavy metal contamination.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture*
Investigation of highly unsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer

Mohd-Yusof NY, Monroig O, Mohd-Adnan A, Wan KL, Tocher DR

Fish Physiol Biochem, 2010 Dec;36(4):827-43.
PMID: 20532815 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-010-9409-4

Lates calcarifer, commonly known as the Asian sea bass or barramundi, is an interesting species that has great aquaculture potential in Asia including Malaysia and also Australia. We have investigated essential fatty acid metabolism in this species, focusing on the endogenous highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) synthesis pathway using both biochemical and molecular biological approaches. Fatty acyl desaturase (Fad) and elongase (Elovl) cDNAs were cloned and functional characterization identified them as ∆6 Fad and Elovl5 elongase enzymes, respectively. The ∆6 Fad was equally active toward 18:3n-3 and 18:2n-6, and Elovl5 exhibited elongation activity for C18-20 and C20-22 elongation and a trace of C22-24 activity. The tissue profile of gene expression for ∆6 fad and elovl5 genes, showed brain to have the highest expression of both genes compared to all other tissues. The results of tissue fatty acid analysis showed that the brain contained more docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) than flesh, liver and intestine. The HUFA synthesis activity in isolated hepatocytes and enterocytes using [1-(14)C]18:3n-3 as substrate was very low with the only desaturated product detected being 18:4n-3. These findings indicate that L. calcarifer display an essential fatty acid pattern similar to other marine fish in that they appear unable to synthesize HUFA from C18 substrates. High expression of ∆6 fad and elovl5 genes in brain may indicate a role for these enzymes in maintaining high DHA levels in neural tissues through conversion of 20:5n-3.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture/methods
Feeding Artemia franciscana (Kellogg) larvae with bacterial heat shock protein, protects from Vibrio campbellii infection

Sung YY, Ashame MF, Chen S, Macrae TH, Sorgeloos P, Bossier P

J Fish Dis, 2009 Aug;32(8):675-85.
PMID: 19515074 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01046.x

Among their numerous physiological effects, heat shock proteins (Hsps) are potent immunomodulators, a characteristic reflecting their potential as therapeutic agents and which led to their application in combating infection. As an example, the up-regulation of endogenous Hsp70 in the branchiopod crustacean Artemia franciscana (Kellogg) is concurrent with shielding against bacterial infection. To better understand this protective mechanism, gnotobiotic Artemia were fed with Escherichia coli treated to over-produce different prokaryotic Hsps. This was shown to increase larval resistance to experimental Vibrio campbellii exposure. Immunoprobing of Western blots showed that the enhanced resistance to V. campbellii correlated with DnaK production in E coli. A definitive role for DnaK was then demonstrated by feeding Artemia larvae with transformed bacteria over-producing only this protein, although other Hsps such as DnaJ and grpE also provided tolerance against Vibrio infection. Feeding of bacteria synthesizing selected Hsps is therefore suggested as an alternative to antibiotic use as a means of enhancing resistance of Artemia larvae to bacterial infection, which may have potential applications in aquaculture.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture/methods
Bioprospecting of indigenous marine microalgae with ammonium tolerance from aquaculture ponds for microalgae cultivation with ammonium-rich wastewaters

Katayama T, Nagao N, Kasan NA, Khatoon H, Rahman NA, Takahashi K, et al.

J Biotechnol, 2020 Nov 10;323:113-120.
PMID: 32768414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.08.001

We isolated fifty-two strains from the marine aquaculture ponds in Malaysia that were evaluated for their lipid production and ammonium tolerance and four isolates were selected as new ammonium tolerant microalgae with high-lipid production: TRG10-p102 Oocystis heteromucosa (Chlorophyceae); TRG10-p103 and TRG10-p105 Thalassiosira weissflogii (Bacillariophyceae); and TRG10-p201 Amphora coffeiformis (Bacillariophyceae). Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) in three diatom strain was between 2.6 and 18.6 % of total fatty acids, which were higher than in O. heteromucosa. Only A. coffeiformi possessed arachidonic acid. Oocystis heteromucosa naturally grew at high ammonium concentrations (1.4-10 mM), whereas the growth of the other strains, T. weissflogii and A. coffeiformi, were visibly inhibited at high ammonium concentrations (>1.4 mM-NH4). However, two strains of T. weissflogii were able to grow at up to 10 mM-NH4 by gradually acclimating to higher ammonium concentrations. The ammonium tolerant strains, especially T. weissflogii which have high EPA contents, were identified as a valuable candidate for biomass production utilizing NH4-N media, such as ammonium-rich wastewater.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture/methods*
Prevalence, mean intensity and site preference of Caligus rotundigenitalis Yü, 1933 (Copepoda: Caligidae) on cage cultured crimson snapper (Lutjanus erythropterus Bloch, 1790) from Bukit Tambun, Penang, Malaysia

Leaw YY, Faizah S, Anil C, Kua BC

Vet Parasitol, 2012 Jul 6;187(3-4):505-10.
PMID: 22425490 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2012.02.003

Snapper had been cultured in Malaysia since 1980 due to the fry availability and the high demand. However, details on the caligids infestation were not properly documented. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence, mean intensity and site preference of Caligus rotundigenitalis (Caligidae, Siphonostomatoida) a parasitic copepod on cage cultured crimson snapper, Lutjanus erythropterus from Bukit Tambun, Penang, Malaysia. A total of 70 specimens of cultured snapper were examined based on different infestation sites such as head, body as well as operculum. The specimens were separated into three groups according to the size of the fish. C. rotundigenitalis was found to be the only species infesting L. erythropterus with the prevalence and the mean intensity of 81.4% and 5.6±4.4, respectively. There was a significant difference between the prevalence of site infestation of the body and inner operculum sites. The prevalence of C. rotundigenitalis was highest on inner operculum of the fish followed by the body and head. However, there was no significant difference in the distribution of C. rotundigenitalis over the different infestation sites derived from the three groups. The information obtained from this study can be used for more effective control measures of ectoparasitic copepod infestation in floating cages.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Assessing water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassopes) and lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) effectiveness in aquaculture wastewater treatment

Akinbile CO, Yusoff MS

Int J Phytoremediation, 2012 Mar;14(3):201-11.
PMID: 22567705

Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) were analyzed to determine their effectiveness in aquaculture wastewater treatment in Malaysia. Wastewater from fish farm in Semanggol Perak, Malaysia was sampled and the parameters determined included, the pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), nitrite phosphate (PO4(3-)), nitrate (NO(3-)), nitrite (NO(-2)), ammonia (NH3), and total kjedahl nitrogen (TKN). Also, hydroponics system was set up and was added with fresh plants weights of 150 +/- 20 grams Eichhornia crassipes and 50 +/- 10 grams Pistia stratiotes during the 30 days experiment. The phytoremediation treatment with Eichhornia crassipes had pH ranging from 5.52 to 5.59 and from 4.45 to 5.5 while Pistia stratiotes had its pH value from 5.76 to 6.49 and from 6.24 to 7.07. Considerable percentage reduction was observed in all the parameters treated with the phytoremediators. Percentage reduction of turbidity for Eichhornia crassipes were 85.26% and 87.05% while Pistia stratiotes were 92.70% and 93.69% respectively. Similar reductions were observed in COD, TKN, NO(3-), NH3, and PO4(3-). The capability of these plants in removing nutrients was established from the study. Removal of aquatic macrophytes from water bodies is recommended for efficient water purification.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture
Assessing the suitability of stream water for five different uses and its aquatic environment

Fulazzaky MA

Environ Monit Assess, 2013 Jan;185(1):523-35.
PMID: 22373956 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-012-2572-6

Surface water is one of the essential resources for supporting sustainable development. The suitability of such water for a given use depends both on the available quantity and tolerable quality. Temporary status for a surface water quality has been identified extensively. Still the suitability of the water for different purposes needs to be verified. This study proposes a water quality evaluation system to assess the aptitude of the Selangor River water for aquatic biota, drinking water production, leisure and aquatic sport, irrigation use, livestock watering, and aquaculture use. Aptitude of the water has been classified in many parts of the river segment as unsuitable for aquatic biota, drinking water production, leisure and aquatic sport as well as aquaculture use. The water quality aptitude classes of the stream water for nine locations along the river are evaluated to contribute to decision support system. The suitability of the water for five different uses and its aquatic ecosystem are verified.

Matched MeSH terms: Aquaculture

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