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Nutritional supplements in pregnancy (with special refernce to the developing countries)

LLEWELLYN-JONES D

Med J Malaya, 1962 Jun;16:260-6.
PMID: 14466036
Matched MeSH terms: Diet*; Dietary Supplements*
Ischaemic heart disease

HARRIS CH

Med J Malaya, 1962 Sep;17:55-61.
PMID: 13952910
Matched MeSH terms: Diet*
The dietary pattern of schoolchildren in the Muar District, Malaya

GRANT MW, TAN PHUI YONG, WADSWORTH GR

J Trop Med Hyg, 1959 May;62(5):118-22.
PMID: 13655347
Matched MeSH terms: Diet*
Ecological factors influencing the growth of the child

Chen PC

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):6-12.
PMID: 542155
Matched MeSH terms: Diet*
Planning dietaries for older school children

MILLIS J

Med J Malaya, 1959 Dec;14:111-5.
PMID: 14422631
Matched MeSH terms: Diet*
Fulltext Development and validation of food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for estimation of the dietary polyphenol intake among elderly individuals in Klang Valley

Suzana Shahar, Chiah, Hui Lin, Hasnah Haron

Jurnal Sains Kesihatan Malaysia, 2014;12(2):33-40.
MyJurnal

Polyphenol is a non-nutrient phytochemical compound existed abundantly in plant-based diet which has the properties to prevent age related oxidative damage induced diseases. However, there are difficulties in quantifying its intake and local food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for the assessment is not available. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate FFQ for estimation of dietary polyphenol intake among 93 individuals aged 60 years and above recruited from several senior citizen clubs in Klang Valley. Phase I of the study involved the development of FFQ consisted of 117 items under 9 categories and formation of the database extracted from PHENOL-EXPLORER. In Phase II, the intake of polyphenol estimated using FFQ was compared with reference method consisted of 2-day diet records and diet history questionnaire (DHQ). The mean dietary polyphenol intake estimated from FFQ and the reference method was 2770.7 ± 1552.4 mg/d and 2171.4 ± 898.8 mg/d, respectively. Spearman’s rho and Kendall’s tau-b analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between polyphenol intake estimated from FFQ and reference method (r = 0.41, p < 0.001; r = 0.28, p < 0.001). For Bland-Altman plot, 95.7% of scattered plot fell within ± 1.96 SD limits of agreement revealed that there was good agreement between the two methods used. Cross-classifi cation analysis showed that 36.6% was categorized in the same quartile, 78.5% in identical and contiguous quartiles, with only 3.2% in the opposite quartiles. Regression analysis showed that all categories in FFQ signifi cantly account for the inter-variance for dietary polyphenol intake after controlling for the other variables (R2 = 1.000, p < 0.001). In conclusion, the newly developed FFQ is considered valid and has the potential to be used as a tool to estimate polyphenol intake among elderly individuals in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet; Diet Records
Letter: Stool characteistics and western diseases

Balasegaram M, Burkitt DP

Lancet, 1976 Jan 17;1(7951):152.
PMID: 54670
Matched MeSH terms: Diet*
Recommended daily dietary intakes for peninsular Malaysia

Teong TS

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Sep;30(1):38-42.
PMID: 1207530
Matched MeSH terms: Diet/standards; Dietetics*
Fulltext A mathematical model of healthy diet menu plan for MARA Junior Science College boarding schools

Nurly Diana Jalil, Maslin Masrom, Wan Normeza Wan Zakaria

Journal of Advanced Research Design, 2017;33(1):8-14.
MyJurnal

Adolescents need more attention on eating habits as they go through a critical path
period of physical, physiological and psychological changes from children to adult.
Therefore, planning a proper healthy diet menu is important to adolescents to have
the sufficient nutrients for proper growth. However, manually plan healthy diet menu
is complicated, inefficient and time-consuming. The purpose of this study is to develop
a mathematical model of healthy diet menu plan that minimizes the daily fat intake
and meets the necessary nutrient intake for adolescents aged 13 between 17 years old
within the budget provided by Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) for Malaysia adolescent
in MARA Junior Science College (MJSC) boarding schools. Optimization approach and
binary integer programming method were used to address the diet problem in this
study. The finding of the study indicates that the developed mathematical model of
healthy diet menu plan for MJSC can generate menu plan that minimizes the total fat
intake at minimum level of requirement per day. This menu plan can be used as a
guideline for the management of the boarding schools to provide healthy diet meals
for their students.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet; Healthy Diet
Fulltext The Association between Parent Diet Quality and Child Dietary Patterns in Nine- to Eleven-Year-Old Children from Dunedin, New Zealand

Davison B, Saeedi P, Black K, Harrex H, Haszard J, Meredith-Jones K, et al.

Nutrients, 2017 May 11;9(5).
PMID: 28492490 DOI: 10.3390/nu9050483

Previous research investigating the relationship between parents' and children's diets has focused on single foods or nutrients, and not on global diet, which may be more important for good health. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between parental diet quality and child dietary patterns. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 17 primary schools in Dunedin, New Zealand. Information on food consumption and related factors in children and their primary caregiver/parent were collected. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate dietary patterns in children and diet quality index (DQI) scores were calculated in parents. Relationships between parental DQI and child dietary patterns were examined in 401 child-parent pairs using mixed regression models. PCA generated two patterns; 'Fruit and Vegetables' and 'Snacks'. A one unit higher parental DQI score was associated with a 0.03SD (CI: 0.02, 0.04) lower child 'Snacks' score. There was no significant relationship between 'Fruit and Vegetables' score and parental diet quality. Higher parental diet quality was associated with a lower dietary pattern score in children that was characterised by a lower consumption frequency of confectionery, chocolate, cakes, biscuits and savoury snacks. These results highlight the importance of parental modelling, in terms of their dietary choices, on the diet of children.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet/standards*
An Overview of Culinary and Medicinal Mushrooms in Neurodegeneration and Neurotrauma Research

Wong KH, Ng CC, Kanagasabapathy G, Yow YY, Sabaratnam V

Int J Med Mushrooms, 2017;19(3):191-202.
PMID: 28605334 DOI: 10.1615/IntJMedMushrooms.v19.i3.10

Culinary and medicinal mushrooms have been appreciated since prehistoric times as valuable resources for food and medicine. Edible mushrooms represent an untapped source of nutraceuticals and valuable palatable food. Long considered tonics, they are now treasured as functional foods that can improve human health and quality of life. Numerous studies have provided insights into the neuroprotective effects of edible mushrooms, which are attributed to their antioxidant, antineuroinflammatory, and cholinesterase inhibitory properties, and their ability to prevent neuronal death. Here we review the recent literature on the role of culinary and medicinal mushrooms in the management of neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma. We highlight some of the molecular mechanisms for how these alternative medicines provide health benefits that could help us to harness their neuroprotective effects.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet Therapy/methods*
Fulltext Studies on sulfone resistance in leprosy. I. Detection of cases.

Pettit JHS, Rees RJW, Ridley DS

Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1966 Oct-Dec;34(3):375-90.
PMID: 6006069

From an extensive search of one of the largest inpatient leprosaria in the world, at Sungei Buloh, Malaysia, nine patients with lepromatous leprosy were discovered who gave prima facie evidence of sulfone resistance. The evidence was based on a failure to show clinical improvement over at least five years despite treatment with sulfones and an absence of a satisfactory fall in the bacteriologic (BI) or the morphologic (MI) index. The selected patients were admitted to our Research Unit for (a) a further six month, rigorously controlled, trial period on DDS (as injectable sulfone, 300 mgm. twice weekly) and (b) DDS sensitivity tests, based on use of the foot pad infection in mice with bacilli obtained from skin biopsies. The response of the nine patients to the six month trial period on DDS was assessed clinically, bacteriologically and histologically, and revealed that only four of the patients failed to respond satisfactorily. Furthermore, the sensitivity tests in the mouse foot pad infection showed that only the strains of M. leprae from the four patients who failed to improve were insensitive to DDS. Thus there was a good correlation between the results of the clinical and experimental studies and for the first time direct proof for the existence of DDS resistant strain s of M. leprae. The MI proved to be the most sensitive of the assessments used to determine the response of the selected patients to a trial period on DDS. The histology of patients with drug resistance is essentially that of relapsing or very acute leprosy. Its features have much in common with those of "histoid" lesions, the latter being distinguished mainly by the absence of cytologic maturation. Classification is complicated by the presence of borderline features in otherwise lepromatous lesions.

Matched MeSH terms: Leprosy/diet therapy*
Fulltext Studies on sulfone resistance in leprosy. 2. Treatment with a riminophenazine derivative (B.663).

Pettit JHS, Rees RJW

Int. J. Lepr. Other Mycobact. Dis., 1966 Oct-Dec;34(4):391-7.
PMID: 6006070

The first three patients with proven DDS-resistant leprosy infections were treated for one year with the riminophenazine
derivative B.663 (300 mgm. daily for six days a week). All of them showed satisfactory clinical, bacteriologic and histologic
improvement, which at the time of writing has been maintained for a total period of 28 months. The results show that
active leprosy resulting from resistance to one drug can still respond satisfactorily to a different type of drug, as is the case with drug resistance in other bacterial infections. In this limited study B.663 showed no toxicity, but the degree of skin discoloration was disconcerting to Chinese patients.

Matched MeSH terms: Leprosy/diet therapy*
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a 3-Year, Teacher-Led Healthy Lifestyle Program on Eating Behaviors Among Adolescents Living in Day School Hostels in Malaysia

Teng CY, Chin YS, Taib MNM, Chan YM

Food Nutr Bull, 2018 12;39(4):595-607.
PMID: 30407077 DOI: 10.1177/0379572118795358

BACKGROUND: Independence gained during adolescence may be associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. Although malnutrition among adolescents is evident, studies on eating behaviors among adolescents are scarce.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a teacher-led Healthy Lifestyle Program on eating behaviors among adolescents in Malaysia.
METHODS: This was a cluster randomized controlled trial (conducted in 2012 to 2014), with 100 schools randomly selected from 721 schools, then assigned to 50 intervention schools and 50 control schools. A Healthy Eating and Be Active among Teens (HEBAT) module was developed for pretrained teachers to deliver a Healthy Lifestyle Program on eating behaviors among adolescents. Eating behaviors of the respondents was determined using Eating Behaviors Questionnaire. Linear Mixed Model analysis and χ2 test were used to determine within- and between-group effects of studied variables.
RESULTS: A total of 4277 respondents participated in this study, with 2635 samples involved in the final analysis, comprised of 921 intervention and 1714 control respondents. There were 32.4% (36.4%) males and 67.6% (63.6%) females in the intervention (control) group. Mean age was comparable between the groups (intervention = 12.98 years; control = 12.97 years). Majority of the respondents skipped meals at baseline (intervention = 74.7%; control = 79.5%). After the program, intervention respondents had higher consumption frequency of lunch, dinner, and mid-morning snack but a lower consumption frequency of late-evening snack and meal skipping behaviors than their control counterparts.
CONCLUSION: The teacher-led Healthy Lifestyle Program was effective in reducing meal-skipping behaviors among Malaysian adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Healthy Diet/statistics & numerical data*
Fulltext Evolutionary History, Genomic Adaptation to Toxic Diet, and Extinction of the Carolina Parakeet

Gelabert P, Sandoval-Velasco M, Serres A, de Manuel M, Renom P, Margaryan A, et al.

Curr Biol, 2020 01 06;30(1):108-114.e5.
PMID: 31839456 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.10.066

As the only endemic neotropical parrot to have recently lived in the northern hemisphere, the Carolina parakeet (Conuropsis carolinensis) was an iconic North American bird. The last surviving specimen died in the Cincinnati Zoo in 1918 [1]. The cause of its extinction remains contentious: besides excessive mortality associated to habitat destruction and active hunting, their survival could have been negatively affected by its range having become increasingly patchy [2] or by the exposure to poultry pathogens [3, 4]. In addition, the Carolina parakeet showed a predilection for cockleburs, an herbaceous plant that contains a powerful toxin, carboxyatractyloside, or CAT [5], which did not seem to affect them but made the birds notoriously toxic to most predators [3]. To explore the demographic history of this bird, we generated the complete genomic sequence of a preserved specimen held in a private collection in Espinelves (Girona, Spain), as well as of a close extant relative, Aratinga solstitialis. We identified two non-synonymous genetic changes in two highly conserved proteins known to interact with CAT that could underlie a specific dietary adaptation to this toxin. Our genomic analyses did not reveal evidence of a dramatic past demographic decline in the Carolina parakeet; also, its genome did not exhibit the long runs of homozygosity that are signals of recent inbreeding and are typically found in endangered species. As such, our results suggest its extinction was an abrupt process and thus likely solely attributable to human causes.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet/veterinary*
Fulltext Microbiota in foods from Inuit traditional hunting

Hauptmann AL, Paulová P, Hansen LH, Sicheritz-Pontén T, Mulvad G, Nielsen DS

PLoS One, 2020;15(1):e0227819.
PMID: 31935269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227819

The foods we eat contain microorganisms that we ingest alongside the food. Industrialized food systems offer great advantages from a safety point of view, but have also been accused of depleting the diversity of the human microbiota with negative implications for human health. In contrast, artisanal traditional foods are potential sources of a diverse food microbiota. Traditional foods of the Greenlandic Inuit are comprised of animal-sourced foods prepared in the natural environment and are often consumed raw. These foods, some of which are on the verge of extinction, have not previously been microbiologically characterized. We mapped the microbiota of foods stemming from traditional Inuit land-based hunting activities. The foods included in the current study are dried muskox and caribou meat, caribou rumen and intestinal content as well as larval parasites from caribou hides, all traditional Inuit foods. This study shows that traditional drying methods are efficient for limiting microbial growth through desiccation. The results also show the rumen content of the caribou to be a highly diverse source of microbes with potential for degradation of plants. Finally, a number of parasites were shown to be included in the biodiversity of the assessed traditional foods. Taken together, the results map out a diverse source of ingested microbes and parasites that originate from the natural environment. These results have implications for understanding the nature-sourced traditional Inuit diet, which is in contrast to current day diet recommendations as well as modern industrialized food systems.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet*
Can human nutrition be improved through better fish feeding practices? a review paper

Kwasek K, Thorne-Lyman AL, Phillips M

Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 2020;60(22):3822-3835.
PMID: 31983214 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1708698

Achieving Sustainable Development Goal 2 of zero hunger and malnutrition by 2030 will require dietary shifts that include increasing the consumption of nutrient dense foods by populations in low- and middle-income countries. Animal source foods are known to be rich in a number of highly bioavailable nutrients that otherwise are not often consumed in the staple-food based diets of poorer populations throughout the world. Fish is the dominant animal source food in many low- and middle-income countries in the global south and is available from both fisheries and aquaculture. Consumers often perceive that wild caught fish have higher nutritional value than fish produced through aquaculture, and this may be true for some nutrients, for example omega-3 fatty acid content. However, there is potential to modify the nutritional value of farmed fish through feeds and through production systems, illustrated by the common practice of supplementing omega-3 fatty acids in fish diets to optimize their fatty acid profile. This manuscript reviews the evidence related to fish feeds and the nutritional composition of fish with respect to a number of nutrients of interest to human health, including iron, zinc, vitamins A and D, selenium, calcium, and omega-3 fatty acids, with low- and middle-income country populations in mind. In general, we find that the research on fortification of fish diet particularly with vitamins and minerals has not been directed toward human health but rather toward improvement of fish growth and health performance. We were unable to identify any studies directly exploring the impact of fish feed modification on the health of human consumers of fish, but as nutrition and health rises in the development agenda and consumer attention, the topic requires more urgent attention in future feed formulations.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet/veterinary
Nutritional and bone health status in young men with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability and without intellectual disability residing in community setting in Malaysia

Jamil NA, Jia Ling C, Md Ibrahim HI, Hamzaid NH, Kok Yong C

J Appl Res Intellect Disabil, 2020 May;33(3):632-639.
PMID: 32080943 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12708

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the nutritional and bone health status between young men with mild-to-moderate intellectual disability and those without intellectual disability and to determine predictors for their bone health status.
METHOD: A total of 95 men (47 men with intellectual disability; 48 men without intellectual disability), aged 20-39 years, participated in this study. Anthropometric profile, dietary intake, physical activity level and calcaneal speed of sound (SOS) were collected.
RESULTS: The men with intellectual disability had moderate diet quality whilst the men without intellectual disability had poor diet quality. More participants with intellectual disability (97.9%) were inactive compared with their counterparts (10.4%). The SOS value was similar between groups and was lower than the reference. Increasing age and low physical activity level were negative predictors for bone health status.
CONCLUSION: Both young men with and without intellectual disability have suboptimal nutritional and bone health status. Strategies to improve their nutritional and bone health status are warranted.

Matched MeSH terms: Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet*
Study of Primordial 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K Concentrations in Dietary Palm Dates and Concomitant Radiological Risk

Khandaker MU, Shuaibu HK, Alklabi FAA, Alzimami KS, Bradley DA

Health Phys, 2019 06;116(6):789-798.
PMID: 30889102 DOI: 10.1097/HP.0000000000001042

The presence of natural radionuclides in the food chain point to a need to assess concentration levels and concomitant radiological risk. Highly popular and forming a staple part of the diet in North Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and West Asia, palm dates growing naturally there have even greater marketability than simple satisfaction of domestic demand, the palm dates representing a valuable export item. Accurate knowledge of the levels of natural radioactivity in the fruit is thus of importance. In this study, using high-purity germanium gamma-ray spectrometry, quantification has been made of natural radionuclide concentrations in imported dates originating from Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia. Sample analyses reveal respective mean activity concentrations of 1.4 ± 0.3, 0.8 ± 0.4, and 186 ± 9 Bq kg dry weight for Ra, Ra, and K. For each nuclide, the mean concentration varies little between the dates of the three represented regions. The estimated committed effective dose resulting from the consumption of date fruits for a typical adult was found to be 29.9 μSv y, well below the global internal dose of 290 μSv y assessed by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation to be due to food and water intake. Similarly, the excess lifetime cancer risk due to naturally occurring radioactive material exposure via date fruit consumption is seen to be below the International Commission on Radiological Protection cancer risk factor of 2.5 × 10 based on the additional annual dose limit of 1 mSv for a member of the general public. The results show no significant uptake in the analyzed date fruits.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet*
Fulltext Determinants of Diet and Physical Activity in Malaysian Adolescents: A Systematic Review

Mohammadi S, Jalaludin MY, Su TT, Dahlui M, Azmi Mohamed MN, Abdul Majid H

Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2019 02 19;16(4).
PMID: 30791423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16040603

The increased prevalence of unhealthy eating habits and sedentary lifestyles among Malaysian adolescents has become a public health concern. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize evidence from observational studies related to diet and physical activity (PA) among Malaysian adolescents (13⁻18 years) and to recognize the associations between determinants of diet and PA and diet and PA behaviours. A systematic search for observational studies published from August 1990 through August 2017 was conducted via PubMed, Science Direct, Cochrane and Web of Science. A total of 18 studies met the inclusion criteria; these were independently extracted by two reviewers. Gender and ethnicity were the most commonly studied correlates of diet and PA; males were more physically active and they tended to have poorer diet quality and higher energy and macronutrient intakes in comparison to females; Malay adolescents had a lower diet quality and Chinese adolescents spent less time in PA compared to other ethnicities. However, the significance of these associations was often small or inconsistent. This review highlights the lack of longitudinal observational studies but summarizes the best available evidence for policymakers and public health practitioners to improve the diet and the level of PA in Malaysian adolescents.

Matched MeSH terms: Diet*

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