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Fulltext Home injury in Malaysia: findings from the 1996 NHMS

Jamaiyah Haniff, Tahir Aris, Farizah Hairi

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2001;1(1):48-54.
MyJurnal

Injury Hncluding home injury} is an important contributor to the nations’ statistics on mortality and morbidity. However, statistics on injury is still lacking in Malaysia. In 1996, the National Health and Morbidity Survey was conducted nationwide that includes injury as one ofthe scope studied at the community level. It was found that the prevalence of sefreported home injury in Malaysia was 2.5%. The prevalence was higher among the 0-4 years and more than 80 years groups. There was no dwzrence in the prevalence of injury by urban/rural location, ethnicity, citizenship, religion, marital status, level of education, income group or type of occupation. Females however reported a slightht higher figure than males (2. 7% i· 95% CI and 2.3% i 95% CD. Recommendations made include planning and designing of preventive intervention strategies and sreas for future studies.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-1996)

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Measures of population health: general perspective on quality adjusted life years (QALYs) and disability adjusted life years (DALYs)

Natrah, S., Sharifa Ezat, W.P.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2011;11(2):27-31.
MyJurnal

Impact of health care on the population health has been measured in terms of morbidity and mortality but this measurement doesn’t distinguish between children, adults and the elderly. It does not also take into account the losses that occur because of handicap, pain, or other disability. Therefore, measures of population health which combine information on mortality and non-fatal healthboutcomes to represent the health of a particular population as a single number was introduced. QALYs and DALYs are both common outcome measures in economic evaluations of health interventions. QALYs is the comprehensive measure of health outcome because it can simultaneously capture gains from reduced morbidity (quality gains) and reduced mortality (quantity gains) and combine these into a single measure. DALYs is primarily a measure of disease burden where it combines losses from premature death and loss of healthy life resulting from disability. Although QALYs and DALYs are almost similar in their basic concept but there are few distinct differences which must be paid attention to in order to correctly utilize these measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext The assessment of the quality of life questionnaires

Kamarul Imran, M., Ismail, A.A., Naing, L., Wan Moharnad, W.B.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2005;5(1):51-55.
MyJurnal

Health traditionally has been compared using mortality and morbidity and in recent years health related instruments have been utilized along to complement those measures. Health related quality oflife instruments are important because they provide patient's opinion and decision of management and for monitoring and evaluating health status. The quality of life instruments such as health related quality of life questionnaires are increasingly being used and these questionnaires are classified into disease specific and generic questionnaires. They require proper assessment using psychometric analysis of reliability and validity, For reliability, the two common analyses are the test-retest and internal consistency and for validity, it requires the assessment of content validity and analyses of construct validity and criterion validity. Reliable and valid quality of lhfe questionnaires provide consistent and accurate information. The purpose of this paper is to provide crucial assessment and analyses of the reliability and validity of health related quality of life questionnaires.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext The prevalence of hypertension and smoking in the subdistrict of Dengkil, Selangor

Mohd Yunus, A., Sherina, M.S., Nor Afiah, M.Z., Rampal, L., Tiew, K.H.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2003;3(2):5-9.
MyJurnal

Hypertension and smoking are established and independent risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. There are important inter-relationships between these two factors that may explain the aetiology of coronary heart disease. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of hypertension and smoking in a rural community setting in Malaysia, and to identify their associated factors. A cross sectional study was conducted among residents aged 15 years and above in Mukim Dengkil, Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia from June to October 1999. Systematic random sampling was used to select the respondents. Results: Five-hundred and seventy respondents agreed to participate giving a response rate of 86.7%. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 26.8%. The prevalence was 31.7% among males, and 23.5% among females. Factors found to be significantly associated with hypertension were males and age. The overall prevalence of smoking was 21.2%. The prevalence among males was 48.7%, where as the prevalence was only 2.6% among females. The factors associated with smoking were males, ethnicity with Malays showing the highest prevalence of 27.2% and age. However, there was no significant association between hypertension and smoking. The prevalence of hypertension in this study is high. However, the prevalence of smoking in this study was slightly lower compared to the result found by the 2nd Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS2).

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Becoming a mother in a neonatal intensive care unit

KHATIJAH LIM ABDULLAH

Malaysian Journal of Qualitative Research, 2019;5(1):50-63.
MyJurnal

With advances in medicine, more and more premature infants who require round-the-clock nursing care due to one or more complex medical conditions are able to survive after receiving intensive treatment in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The increased survival rate has resulted in a higher incidence of morbidity that may impose emotional and financial burdens on families, society and the healthcare system. This paper explores the experiences of mothers with premature babies who were admitted to a NICU. A generic qualitative approach was used to gain insights into the effects of the premature baby admission to a NICU through tape recorded semi structured open-ended questions interviews with 17 mothers whose premature babies were admitted to a NICU. Inductive thematic analysis was used to identify, analyse, and report themes and patterns within the data. Qualitative analysis of the descriptive data obtained from 17 mothers identified four major themes and 13 sub themes relating to avoidance, effects of the separation, ceremonies and inadequate preparation. The findings have several implications for practice by care professionals. It can help nurses to develop interventions to prepare mothers to cope with new situations, decreasing stress and psychological problems regarding the admission of their infants to the NICU.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Healthy lifestyle among school of quantitative sciences lecturers, Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM)

Maryam Rukayyah Al-Munirah Binti Ayob, Mohamad Shukri Bin Abdul Hamid, Faezzah Binti Mohd Daud, Ong Yi Sean

Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 2019;4(8):39-44.
MyJurnal

The role of individual healthy behaviors like physical activity, nutrition and stress management on reduction of rate of disease mortality and morbidity is well known. The aim of this study is to determine healthy lifestyle in lecturers employed in School of Quantitative Sciences, University Utara Malaysia, in 2019. Materials and Methods: The participants of this cross-sectional study were 66 lecturers in School of Quantitative Sciences, selected via random sampling method. The data collection was performed using a questionnaire including demographic healthy lifestyle questions. Analysis of the data was performed through Software Statistical Analysis System Enterprise Guide (SAS EG) version 7.1. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 42.68 ± 1.37 years and, BMI mean was 24.13 ± 0.86. 92.42% of them were married and 7.58% also were single. Conclusion: According to the results, planning for lecturers in School of Quantitative Sciences for receiving information about healthy lifestyle on weight control and nutrition are important.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext A comparison of morbidity patterns in public and private primary care clinics in malaysia

Mimi O, Tong SF, Nordin S, Teng CL, Khoo EM, Abdul-Rahman A, et al.

Malays Fam Physician, 2011;6(1):19-25.
PMID: 25606215 MyJurnal

OBJECTIVES: To compare the morbidity patterns in public and private primary care clinics; determine patients' reasons for encounter (RFE) and diagnoses using the ICPC-2, and compare ten commonest diagnoses and RFEs.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study on randomly selected clinics was conducted nationwide. Doctors completed the Patient Encounter Record (PER) for systematically selected encounters for a week.
RESULTS: Response rate was 82.0% (public clinic) and 33% (private clinic) with 4262 encounters and 7280 RFE. Overall, the three commonest disease categories encountered were respiratory (37.2%), general and unspecified (29.5%), and cardiovascular diseases (22.2%). Public and private clinics handled 27% versus 50% acute cases and 20.0% versus 3.1% chronic cases i.e. 33.7 and 5.6 chronic diseases per 100 RFE respectively.
CONCLUSION: Doctors in public clinics saw more chronic and complex diseases as well as pregnancy related complaints and follow-up cases while in private clinics more acute and minor illnesses were seen. Health services should be integrated and support given to co-manage chronic diseases in both sectors.
KEYWORDS: Malaysia; Primary practice; delivery of health care; morbidity pattern; reasons for encounter

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity*
Basal Cell Carcinoma Surgery in general practice: Is there a role for the local General Practitioner?

Keah SH, Ng SC

Malays Fam Physician, 2020;15(3):10-21.
PMID: 33329859

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a common disease of the skin caused principally by prolonged solar radiation exposure. It is normally a malignancy with favorable prognostic features and is potentially curable by standard excision. In White populations with high disease incidence, general practitioners (GPs) play a vital role in diagnosing and managing BCC, including surgical excision. Dedicated care at the primary care level by adequately trained GPs is conceivably cost effective for the health system and more convenient for the patient. In Asia and other parts of the world with low incidence, this valuable role of GPs may appear to be inconsequential. In this regard, any justification for the involvement of local GPs in BCC surgery is debatable. This article aims to provide a clinical update on essential information relevant to BCC surgery and advance understanding of the intricate issues of making a treatment decision at the primary care level.
Case Report: Madam Tan, a 71-year-old Malaysian Chinese lady, otherwise healthy, presented to her local GP with a complaint of a nodule over the left cheek that had been there for more than a decade. Her concern was that the lesion was growing and had become conspicuous. She had spent most of her life as a farmer working in her orchard.Upon examination, she had an obvious dome-shaped nodule over the left cheek measuring approximately 1.8 cm in diameter. The lesion was firm, pigmented, well-demarcated, and slightly ulcerated at the top. Clinically, she was diagnosed with a pigmented nodular basal cell carcinoma of the left cheek. Examination of the systems was unremarkable.She requested that the consulting GP remove the growth. The cost for specialist treatment and waiting time at the local hospital were her concerns.
Clinical Questions: Can the basal cell skin cancer be excised safely and effectively in the local primary care setting? What are the crucial preoperative concerns?

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A missed opportunity for treatment

Ali AH, Salahuddin Z, Salim R

Malays Fam Physician, 2018;13(3):29-30.
PMID: 30800231 MyJurnal

Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otology emergency and carries significant morbidity if the diagnosis is missed. It can present to any specialty but in our local setting the patient usually presents to primary care as it is easily accessible. We present a case of SSNHL that was initially presented to a primary care centre and the patient was reassured without any investigation being carried out. SSNHL has many causes thus making diagnosis difficult. However, with knowledge of its possible, a diagnosis can be made and appropriate management can be advocated to the patient. Hence, we discuss the three main causes of SSNHL, while emphasizing the immune system-mediated mechanism as the main cause in this case.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Late-Onset Mirror Syndrome

Mohamad Zon E, Nik Lah NAZ, Hoo PS

Malays Fam Physician, 2021 Mar 25;16(1):129-132.
PMID: 33948153 DOI: 10.51866/cr1099

Mirror syndrome is a rare clinical condition in pregnancy associated with significant fetal mortality and maternal morbidity. It is characterized by a triad of complications: fetal hydrops, placenta oedema, and maternal oedema. We are reporting one case of late-onset Mirror syndrome in which the patient presented later in the gestation of 36 weeks due to excessive weight gain and clinical sign mimicking preeclampsia. Awareness of this disease is essential, as a failure of recognition will delay the treatment and cause higher maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Holistic management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary care

Tengku Saifudin TI, Wan Haniza WM

Malays Fam Physician, 2010;5(3):119-125.
MyJurnal

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major respiratory illness in Malaysia that is mainly preventable and treatable but unfortunately remains largely undiagnosed. Primary care providers play a vital role in screening the population at risk, making an early diagnosis and initiating prompt and appropriate therapy including smoking cessation to improve symptoms and quality of life of the COPD patient. Measures to prevent and treat exacerbations are also important to prevent further rapid decline in lung function and to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with the disease.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Abdominal Obesity in Malaysian Adults: National Health and Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III, 2006)

Kee CC, Jamaiyah H, Noor Safiza MN, Khor GL, Suzana S, Jamalludin AR, et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2008 Sep;14(2):125-35.
PMID: 22691770 MyJurnal

Abdominal obesity (AO) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, hypertension and diabetes mellitus in adults. There is a lack of data on the magnitude and socio-demographic profile of AO among Malaysian adults at the national level. In the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) conducted in 2006, AO of adults aged 18 years and above was determined based on the waist circumference as part of the nutritional status assessment. This article reports the prevalence of AO in relation to socio-economic factors and demographic characteristics of adult subjects. Out of a total of 33,465 eligible individuals 18 years and above, waist circumference was measured in 32,900 (98.3%) individuals. The prevalence of AO was assessed using the cut-off points recommended by World Health Organization. The mean waist circumference in men and women was 84.0cm [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 83.8, 84.3] and 80.3cm (95% CI: 80.1, 80.6) respectively. The national prevalence of AO was 17.4% (95% CI: 16.9, 17.9). The identified risks of AO were women (OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 3.8, 4.6), aged 50-59 years (OR: 5.6, 95% CI: 4.0, 7.7), Indians (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 2.4, 3.8), housewives (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.7), subjects with primary education (OR: 1.3, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.5) and ever married (OR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.2, 1.6). Being the largest population-based study on AO among Malaysians, these findings have important public health implications. There is an urgent need to revise public health policies and programmes aimed at prevention of abdominal obesity especially in the groups at risk.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Breastfeeding in Malaysia: Results of the Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) 2006

Fatimah S, Siti Saadiah HN, Tahir A, Hussain Imam MI, Ahmad Faudzi Y

Malays J Nutr, 2010 Aug;16(2):195-206.
PMID: 22691925 MyJurnal

In Malaysia, the National Breastfeeding Policy recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life and continued up to two years. Since the 1990s, several breastfeeding promotion programmes had been implemented in the country. This article reports the findings on the prevalence of breastfeeding practice from The Third National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS III) which was conducted in 2006. A total of 2167 mothers or carers of children below two years old were interviewed representing 804,480 of the estimated population of children aged below 2 years in Malaysia. Respondents were asked whether various types of liquid or solid food were given to the child at any time during the preceding 24-hour period. The overall prevalence of ever breastfed among children aged less than 12 months was 94.7% (CI: 93.0 - 95.9). The overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding below 6 months was 14.5% (CI: 11.7 - 17.9). Prevalence of timely initiation was 63.7% (CI: 61.4 - 65.9) and the continued prevalence of breastfeeding up to two years was 37.4% (CI: 32.9 - 42.2). The findings suggest that the programmes implemented in the last ten years were effective in improving the prevalence of ever breastfeeding, timely initiation of breastfeeding and continued breastfeeding up to two years. However, the challenge is to improve exclusive breastfeeding practice. Longterm community-based interventions need to be carried out in partnership with the existing health care system, focusing on discouraging the use of water and infant formula, especially in the first few months of life.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Infectious diseases and malnutrition status in Nepal: an overview

Rai, Shiba Kumar, Hirai, Kazuko, Abe, Ayako, Ohno, Yoshimi

Malays J Nutr, 2002;8(2):191-200.
MyJurnal

This paper sheds light on infectious diseases and the status of malnutrition in Nepal, a Himalayan country located in South Asia. In spite of efforts by both Government and non-government sectors, infectious diseases are rampant in the countries constituting a major cause of morbidity and mortality, which in turn, impose a socio-economic and public health burden for the country. Intestinal parasitic infection has been implicated in the causation of malnutrition. Malnutrition associated with child mortality is more common among children aged less than five years. Nepalese women suffer from chronic malnutrition. People in rural areas are more affected by malnutrition than those in urban areas. This has been attributed to poverty, lack of education, and rampant infectious diseases.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Comparison of malnutrition prevalence between haemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

Harvinder, G.S., Chee, W.S.S., Karupaiah, T., Sahathevan, S., Chinna, K., Ghazali, A., et al.

Malays J Nutr, 2013;19(3):271-283.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Malnutrition is a serious unresolved nutritional problem amongst dialysis patients associated with increased mortality and morbidity and prevalence differs according to dialysis modalities. This study compared proteinenergy malnutrition (PEM) prevalence in haemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods: A total of 155 HD and 90 CAPD patients were enrolled. PEM prevalence was determined using body mass index (BMI), serum albumin, Dialysis Malnutrition Score (DMS) and dietary intake. Results: CAPD patients had significantly higher BMI (24.1 ± 4.8 kg/m2 vs. 22.7 ± 4.8 kg/m2; p=0.024) and mid-arm muscle area (32.1±12.4 cm2 vs. 29.5 ± 15.9 cm2; p=0.044) than HD patients. They also had significantly lower serum albumin (31 ± 5 g/L vs. 35 ± 6 g/L; p

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Use and understanding of nutrition labeling among elderly men and women in Malaysia

Cheong, S.M., Jasvindar Kaur, Lim, K.H., Ho, B.K., Mohmad, S.

Malays J Nutr, 2013;19(3):353-362.
MyJurnal

Introduction: Consumers are advised to read the nutrition labeling when purchasing packaged food. To what extent consumers read nutrition labeling and understand what they read is not well established among Malaysian older persons. Methods: Data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey III (NHMS III) undertaken in 2006 was analysed to determine the use and understanding of nutrition labeling and its associated factors among free living elderly men and women aged ~60 years. Descriptive analysis and binary Logistic Regression were used to analyse the data. Results: A total of 4,898 respondents provided self-reported information on their use and understanding of nutrition labeling when they bought or received food. Use of nutrition labeling was higher among elderly men [61.9% (95% CI: 59.6-64.1)] than for women [36.6% (95% CI: 34.5-38.8)]. Nutrition labeling use was significantly associated with age, formal education, higher household income levels and marital status among both elderly men and women. Understanding of nutrition labeling among elderly men and women was 91.8% (95% CI: 90.1-93.2) and 89.7% (95% CI: 87.4-91.7) respectively and was significantly associated with formal education for both elderly men and women. Conclusion: Overall, the reading of nutrition labeling among Malaysian elderly is moderate. Elderly men and women with formal education were more likely to understand nutrition labeling. The importance of reading nutrition labels should be inculcated in consumers including older persons so that they choose foods that are nutritious and safe.
Study name: National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS-2006)

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext A Review of Guidelines to Resuming Elective Orthopaedic Surgeries Amid COVID-19 Pandemic: Deriving a Simple Traffic Light Model

Attia AK, Omar UF, Kaliya-Perumal AK

Malays Orthop J, 2020 Nov;14(3):10-15.
PMID: 33403057 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2011.003

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected most healthcare systems around the world. Routine care operations such as outpatient clinics and elective surgery remain badly hit. This situation cannot continue for long as it puts patients at a higher risk for complications due to delayed management. Hence, it is essential to resume routine, especially elective surgery. Regarding orthopaedic practice, various authors and organisations have come out with guidelines to resume elective surgeries. However, clear consensus and common strategies need be derived. With this motive, we conducted a review of the literature for guidelines to resume elective orthopaedic surgery amid COVID-19 pandemic and shortlisted scholarly publications and information from regional organisations. We have summarised the information and derived an organised algorithm considering the guidelines provided by various sources. In this extraordinary time, guidelines come in as a relief for every surgeon who is in a dilemma whether to resume electives or not. Putting safety first, these guidelines or suitable versions should be followed at all levels wherever possible to avoid the lack of trained manpower in the event of staff morbidity.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fracture Non-Union: A Review of Clinical Challenges and Future Research Needs

Stewart SK

Malays Orthop J, 2019 Jul;13(2):1-10.
PMID: 31467644 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1907.001

Non-union of bone following fracture is an orthopaedic condition with a high morbidity and clinical burden. Despite its estimated global prevalence of nine million annually, the limit of bone regeneration therapy still results in patients living with pain, a reduced quality of life and associated psychological, social and financial repercussions. This review provides an overview of the current epidemiological and aetiological data, and highlights where the clinical challenges in treating non-union lie. Current treatment strategies are discussed as well as promising future research foci. Development in biotechnologies to treat non-union provides exciting scope for more effective treatment for this debilitating condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Lessons Learned: Patient Communication During the Pandemic

Wang E, Real I, David-Wang A, Rubio DA, Gaston CL, Quintos AJ, et al.

Malays Orthop J, 2021 Mar;15(1):12-15.
PMID: 33880142 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2103.002

A series of mortalities among musculoskeletal tumour patients secondary to medical illnesses during the first few months of the pandemic highlighted the need to review our methods of communication with patients. Prominent among patients' concerns had been a fear of consulting at hospitals and a lack of ready access to health care. Recommendations are made for proactive consultation and patient education, identifying at-risk patients for follow-up and probing for possible co-morbidities. Telemedicine use is encouraged bearing in mind its inherent limitations. A network of physicians and pharmaceutical representatives is an added help we can offer our patients who may be isolated by community quarantine.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity
Fulltext Fat Embolism Syndrome - A Qualitative Review of its Incidence, Presentation, Pathogenesis and Management

Timon C, Keady C, Murphy CG

Malays Orthop J, 2021 Mar;15(1):1-11.
PMID: 33880141 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2103.001

Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES) is a poorly defined clinical phenomenon which has been attributed to fat emboli entering the circulation. It is common, and its clinical presentation may be either subtle or dramatic and life threatening. This is a review of the history, causes, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis and management of FES. FES mostly occurs secondary to orthopaedic trauma; it is less frequently associated with other traumatic and atraumatic conditions. There is no single test for diagnosing FES. Diagnosis of FES is often missed due to its subclinical presentation and/or confounding injuries in more severely injured patients. FES is most frequently diagnosed using the Gurd and Wilson criteria, like its rivals it is not clinically validated. Although FES is a multi-system condition, its effects in the lung, brain, cardiovascular system and skin cause most morbidity. FES is mostly a self-limiting condition and treatment is supportive in nature. Many treatments have been trialled, most notably corticosteroids and heparin, however no validated treatment has been established.

Matched MeSH terms: Morbidity

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