Displaying publications 161 - 180 of 584 in total

Abstract:
Sort:
  1. The effect of salinity on chlorophyll, proline and mineral nutrients in common weeds of coastal rice fields in Malaysia
    Hakim MA, Juraimi AS, Hanafi MM, Ismail MR, Rafii MY, Aslani F, et al.
    J Environ Biol, 2014 Sep;35(5):855-64.
    PMID: 25204059
    Six weed species (Leptochola chinensis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Echinochloa colona, Jussiaea linifolia, Oryza sativa (weedy rice) and Cyperus iria) were tested for their salt tolerant traits in terms of chlorophyll, proline and mineral nutrients accumulation against different salinity levels (0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, and 40 dS m(-1)). Chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll content, proline and mineral nutrients accumulation were determined. Salt stress showed prominent effect on all the parameters investigated and there were significant variations between the all weed species. Chlorophyll content, K+, Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) ions in both shoots and roots significantly decreased; while proline and Na+ accumulation significantly increased with increasing salinity up to 40 dS m(-1). In terms of overall performance, Cyperus iria and E. crus-galliwere relatively more tolerant; E. colona and J. linifolia were tolerant; L. chinensis and O. sativa L were salt sensitive, respectively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/metabolism*
  2. Fulltext Biochemical and anatomical changes and yield reduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.) under varied salinity regimes
    Hakim MA, Juraimi AS, Hanafi MM, Ismail MR, Selamat A, Rafii MY, et al.
    Biomed Res Int, 2014;2014:208584.
    PMID: 24579076 DOI: 10.1155/2014/208584
    Five Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, MR33, MR52, MR211, MR219, and MR232, were tested in pot culture under different salinity regimes for biochemical response, physiological activity, and grain yield. Three different levels of salt stresses, namely, 4, 8, and 12 dS m(-1), were used in a randomized complete block design with four replications under glass house conditions. The results revealed that the chlorophyll content, proline, sugar content, soluble protein, free amino acid, and yield per plant of all the genotypes were influenced by different salinity levels. The chlorophyll content was observed to decrease with salinity level but the proline increased with salinity levels in all varieties. Reducing sugar and total sugar increased up to 8 dS m(-1) and decreased up to 12 dS m(-1). Nonreducing sugar decreased with increasing the salinity levels in all varieties. Soluble protein and free amino acid also decreased with increasing salinity levels. Cortical cells of MR211 and MR232 did not show cell collapse up to 8 dS m(-1) salinity levels compared to susceptible checks (IR20 and BRRI dhan29). Therefore, considering all parameters, MR211 and MR232 showed better salinity tolerance among the tested varieties. Both cluster and principal component analyses depict the similar results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/anatomy & histology*; Oryza/growth & development*; Oryza/metabolism
  3. Effect of salt stress on morpho-physiology, vegetative growth and yield of rice
    Hakim MA, Juraimi AS, Hanafi MM, Ali E, Ismail MR, Selamat A, et al.
    J Environ Biol, 2014 Mar;35(2):317-26.
    PMID: 24665756
    Selection of salt tolerant rice varieties has a huge impact on global food supply chain. Five Malaysian rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties, MR33, MR52, MR211, MR219 and MR232 were tested in pot experiment under different salinity levels for their response in term of vegetative growth, physiological activities, development of yield components and grain yield. Rice varieties, BRRI dhan29 and IR20 were used as a salt-sensitive control and Pokkali was used as a salt-tolerant control. Three different salinity levels viz. 4, 8, and 12 dS m(-1) were used in a randomized complete block design with four replications under glass house conditions. Two Malaysia varieties, MR211 and MR232 performed better in terms of vegetative growth (plant height, leaf area plant(-1), number of tillers plant(-1), dry matter accumulation plant(-1)), photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, yield components, grain yield and injury symptoms. While, MR33, MR52 and MR219 verities were able to withstand salinity stress over salt-sensitive control, BRRI dhan29 and IR20.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/classification; Oryza/drug effects*; Oryza/genetics; Oryza/growth & development*
  4. A comparison of weed communities of coastal rice fields in Peninsular Malaysia
    Hakim MA, Juraimi AS, Hanafi MM, Selamat A
    J Environ Biol, 2013 Sep;34(5):847-56.
    PMID: 24558797
    A survey was conducted at 100 different rice fields in coastal areas of West Malaysia to identify most common and prevalent weeds associated with rice. Fields surveyed were done according to the quantitative survey method by using 0.5m x 0.5m size quadrate with 20 samples from each field. A total of 53 different weed species belong to 18 families were identified of which 32 annual and 21 perennial; 12 grassy, 13 sedges and 28 broadleaved weeds. Based on relative abundance the most prevalent and abundant weed species were selected in the coastal rice field. Among the 10 most abundant weed species, there were four grasses viz. Echinochloa crusgalli, Leptochloo chinensis, Echinochloo colona, Oryza sotivo L. (weedy rice).; four sedges viz. Fimbristylis miliacea, Cyperus iria, Cyperus difformis, Scirpus grossus and two broadleaved weeds viz. Sphenocleo zeylonica, Jussiaea linifolio. Leptochloa chinensis, E. crusgalli, F. miliocea, E. colona were more prevalent and abundant species out of the 10 most dominant weed species in the coastal rice field of Peninsular Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/growth & development*
  5. Studies on seed germination and growth in weed species of rice field under salinity stress
    Hakim MA, Juraimi AS, Hanafi MM, Selamat A, Ismail MR, Karim SM
    J Environ Biol, 2011 Sep;32(5):529-36.
    PMID: 22319865
    An investigation was made to see the salt tolerance of 10 weed species of rice. Properly dried and treated seeds of weed species were placed on 9 cm diameter petridishes lined with Whatman No. 1 filter paper under 6 salinity regimes, viz. 0 (control), 4, 8, 16, 24 and 32 dS m(-1). The petri dishes were then kept in germinator at 25 +/- 1.0 degrees C and 12 hr light. The number of germinated seeds were recorded daily. The final germination percentage, germination index (GI), seedling vigour index, mean germination time and time for 50% germination were estimated. Root and shoot lengths of the weed seedlings were measured at 20 days after salt application and relative growth values were calculated. Results revealed that salinity decreased final germination percentage, seed of germination as measured by GI, and shoot and root length in all the species. Germination of most of the weed seeds was completely arrested (0) at 32 dS m(-1) salinity except in E. colona (12%) and C. iria (13.9%). The species C. iria, E. colona, J. linifolia and E. crusgalli showed better germination (above 30%) upto 24 dS m(-1) salinity level and were regarded as salt-tolerant weed species. J. linifolia, F. miliacea, L. chinensis and O. sativa L. (weedy rice) were graded as moderately tolerant and S. zeylanica, S. grosus and C. difformis were regarded as least tolerant weed species.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/physiology*
  6. Kinetics and equilibrium studies of malachite green adsorption on rice straw-derived char
    Hameed BH, El-Khaiary MI
    J Hazard Mater, 2008 May 1;153(1-2):701-8.
    PMID: 17942219
    In this work, the potential feasibility of rice straw-derived char (RSC) for removal of C.I. Basic Green 4 (malachite green (MG)), a cationic dye from aqueous solution was investigated. The isotherm parameters were estimated by non-linear regression analysis. The equilibrium process was described well by the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum RSC sorption capacity was found to be 148.74 mg/L at 30 degrees C. The kinetics of MG sorption on RSC followed the Lagergren's pseudo-first-order model and the overall rate of dye uptake was found to be controlled by external mass transfer at the beginning of adsorption, while intraparticle diffusion controlled the overall rate of adsorption at a later stage. The results indicated that RSC was an attractive adsorbent for removing basic dye from aqueous solutions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza*
  7. Occurrence of commonly used pesticides in personal air samples and their associated health risk among paddy farmers
    Hamsan H, Ho YB, Zaidon SZ, Hashim Z, Saari N, Karami A
    Sci Total Environ, 2017 Dec 15;603-604:381-389.
    PMID: 28633115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.06.096
    Tanjung Karang, Selangor, is widely known for its paddy cultivation activity and hosts the third largest paddy field in Malaysia. Pesticides contamination in agriculture fields has become an unavoidable problem, as pesticides are used to increase paddy productivity and reduce plant disease. Human exposure to agrichemicals is common and could results in both acute and chronic health effects, such as acute and chronic neurotoxicity. This study aims to determine the concentrations of commonly used pesticides (azoxystrobin, buprofezin, chlorantraniliprole, difenoconazole, fipronil, imidacloprid, isoprothiolane, pretilachlor, propiconazole, pymetrozine, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, and trifloxystrobin) in personal air samples and their associated health risks among paddy farmers. Eighty-three farmers from Tangjung Karang, Selangor were involved in this study. A solid sorbent tube was attached to the farmer's breathing zone with a clip, and an air pump was fastened to the belt to collect personal air samples. Pesticides collected in the XAD-2 resin were extracted with acetone, centrifuged, concentrated via nitrogen blowdown and reconstituted with 1mL of 3:1 ultrapure water/HPLC-grade methanol solution. The extract was analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The target compounds were detected with a maximum concentration reaching up to 462.5ngm-3 (fipronil). The hazard quotient (HQ) was less than 1 and the hazard index (HI) value was 3.86×10-3, indicating that the risk of pesticides related diseases was not significant. The lifetime cancer risk (LCR) for pymetrozine was at an acceptable level (LCR<10-6) with 4.10×10-8. The results reported in this study can be beneficial in terms of risk management within the agricultural community.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
  8. An LCA-Based Environmental Performance of Rice Production for Developing a Sustainable Agri-Food System in Malaysia
    Harun SN, Hanafiah MM, Aziz NIHA
    Environ Manage, 2021 Jan;67(1):146-161.
    PMID: 33001258 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-020-01365-7
    This study aims to assess the environmental impacts of conventional and organic rice cultivations and proposes a sustainable conceptual framework of rice farming based on the life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. A cradle-to-gate LCA was performed by using the ReCiPe 2016 method and SimaPro 8.5 software. The functional unit was one ton of rice grains harvested. Primary data were obtained from the farmer, while secondary data were collected from Ecoinvent 3.0, the Agri Footprint 3.0 database and the literature. The total characterization factors for global warming potential (GWP), water consumption potential (WCP) and fossil fuel depletion potential (FFP) were 457.89 kg CO2-eq, 98.18 m3 and 84.56 kg oil-eq, respectively, at the midpoint level for conventional rice, while the impacts for organic rice were 140.55 kg CO2-eq, 29.45 m3 and 22.25 kg oil-eq, respectively. At the endpoint level, the total characterization factors for human health damage (HH), ecosystem damage (ED) and resource availability (RA) for conventional rice were 9.63 × 10-4 DALY, 5.54 × 10-6 species.year and 30.98 Dollar, respectively, while for organic rice, the impacts were 2.60 × 10-4 DALY, 2.28 × 10-6 species.year and 8.44 Dollar, respectively. Rice cultivation impacted the environment, particularly in relation to three impact categories: GWP, WCP and FFP. The cultivation phase of rice production was the main contributor to environmental impacts due to the production and application of fertilizer and pesticides. It can be concluded that the application of LCA in agricultural sector is able to provide information and responses for policy makers in understanding the potential environmental impacts at various spatial levels.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza*
  9. Evaluation of the thermomechanical properties and biodegradation of brown rice starch-based chitosan biodegradable composite films
    Hasan M, Gopakumar DA, Olaiya NG, Zarlaida F, Alfian A, Aprinasari C, et al.
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2020 Aug 01;156:896-905.
    PMID: 32289410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.039
    Biodegradable films composed of starch and chitosan plasticized by palm oil were fabricated via a solvent casting technique. In this study, the influence of the ratio of brown rice starch and chitosan on the mechanical, thermal, antimicrobial, and morphological properties of the films was investigated. Antimicrobial films with a smooth surface and a compact structure of brown rice starch were obtained. The results showed that a higher proportion of chitosan in the polymer blends resulted in a substantial enhancement in the tensile strength (TS) and thermal stability of the film. The TS values for BRS100, BRS30CH70, BRS50CH50, BRS70CH30, and CH100 were 3.7, 15.2, 10.2, 9.3, and 8.8 MPa, respectively, and the elongation at break (EB) values of the BRS100, BRS30CH70, BRS50CH50, BRS70CH30, and CH100 samples were 39.5%, 34.7%, 7.3%, 11.5%, and 6.9%, respectively. The addition of chitosan to the brown rice starch samples resulted in a reduced water uptake of the film. The film with a balanced ratio of brown rice starch and chitosan exhibited excellent water resistance, with its water absorption being the lowest among all of the studied compositions.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/chemistry*
  10. Marker-assisted backcrossing: a useful method for rice improvement
    Hasan MM, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Mahmood M, Rahim HA, Alam MA, et al.
    Biotechnology, biotechnological equipment, 2015 Mar 04;29(2):237-254.
    PMID: 26019637
    The world's population is increasing very rapidly, reducing the cultivable land of rice, decreasing table water, emerging new diseases and pests, and the climate changes are major issues that must be addressed to researchers to develop sustainable crop varieties with resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, recent scientific discoveries and advances particularly in genetics, genomics and crop physiology have opened up new opportunities to reduce the impact of these stresses which would have been difficult if not impossible as recently as the turn of the century. Marker assisted backcrossing (MABC) is one of the most promising approaches is the use of molecular markers to identify and select genes controlling resistance to those factors. Regarding this, MABC can contribute to develop resistant or high-yielding or quality rice varieties by incorporating a gene of interest into an elite variety which is already well adapted by the farmers. MABC is newly developed efficient tool by which using large population sizes (400 or more plants) for the backcross F1 generations, it is possible to recover the recurrent parent genotype using only two or three backcrosses. So far, many high yielding, biotic and abiotic stresses tolerance, quality and fragrance rice varieties have been developed in rice growing countries through MABC within the shortest timeframe. Nowadays, MABC is being used widely in plant breeding programmes to develop new variety/lines especially in rice. This paper reviews recent literature on some examples of variety/ line development using MABC strategy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
  11. Introgression of blast resistance genes into the elite rice variety MR263 through marker-assisted backcrossing
    Hasan MM, Rafii MY, Ismail MR, Mahmood M, Alam MA, Abdul Rahim H, et al.
    J Sci Food Agric, 2016 Mar 15;96(4):1297-305.
    PMID: 25892666 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7222
    Blast caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a significant disease threat to rice across the world and is especially prevalent in Malaysia. An elite, early-maturing, high-yielding Malaysian rice variety, MR263, is susceptible to blast and was used as the recurrent parent in this study. To improve MR263 disease resistance, the Pongsu Seribu 1 rice variety was used as donor of the blast resistance Pi-7(t), Pi-d(t)1 and Pir2-3(t) genes and qLN2 quantitative trait locus (QTL). The objective was to introgress these blast resistance genes into the background of MR263 using marker-assisted backcrossing with both foreground and background selection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/genetics*; Oryza/microbiology*
  12. Genetic analysis and identification of SSR markers associated with rice blast disease in a BC2F1 backcross population
    Hasan N, Rafii MY, Abdul Rahim H, Nusaibah SA, Mazlan N, Abdullah S
    Genet. Mol. Res., 2017 Jan 23;16(1).
    PMID: 28128411 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019280
    Rice (Oryza sativa L.) blast disease is one of the most destructive rice diseases in the world. The fungal pathogen, Magnaporthe oryzae, is the causal agent of rice blast disease. Development of resistant cultivars is the most preferred method to achieve sustainable rice production. However, the effectiveness of resistant cultivars is hindered by the genetic plasticity of the pathogen genome. Therefore, information on genetic resistance and virulence stability are vital to increase our understanding of the molecular basis of blast disease resistance. The present study set out to elucidate the resistance pattern and identify potential simple sequence repeat markers linked with rice blast disease. A backcross population (BC2F1), derived from crossing MR264 and Pongsu Seribu 2 (PS2), was developed using marker-assisted backcross breeding. Twelve microsatellite markers carrying the blast resistance gene clearly demonstrated a polymorphic pattern between both parental lines. Among these, two markers, RM206 and RM5961, located on chromosome 11 exhibited the expected 1:1 testcross ratio in the BC2F1 population. The 195 BC2F1 plants inoculated against M. oryzae pathotype P7.2 showed a significantly different distribution in the backcrossed generation and followed Mendelian segregation based on a single-gene model. This indicates that blast resistance in PS2 is governed by a single dominant gene, which is linked to RM206 and RM5961 on chromosome 11. The findings presented in this study could be useful for future blast resistance studies in rice breeding programs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza/genetics*
  13. Biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum-enriched coconut fibre against Fusarium wilts of cherry tomato
    Hasan ZAE, Mohd Zainudin NAI, Aris A, Ibrahim MH, Yusof MT
    J Appl Microbiol, 2020 Oct;129(4):991-1003.
    PMID: 32324939 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14674
    AIMS: Agro-based wastes were evaluated as a medium for mass micropropagule production and optimal efficacy of Trichoderma asperellum B1092 in controlling Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and promoting tomato growth. This study focused on biological control because pathogen persistence in the soil makes the disease difficult to control.

    METHODS AND RESULTS: Rice bran, biochar, empty fruit bunches, coconut fibres, compost, top soil and mixed soil were evaluated as media for mass multiplication of T. asperellum, which is effective in controlling plant pathogens. Yielding the most colony forming units (CFU) among the media, coconut fibre was deemed most suitable for promoting sporulation. After 120 days on the medium, T. asperellum B1902 produced 9·053 × 105  CFU per gram coconut fibre; oil palm empty fruit bunches was second highest (7·406 × 105  CFU per gram). In field tests of T. asperellum B1092 against F. oxysporum f. sp lycopersici (causing Fusarium wilt of cherry tomato), B1092 significantly promoted plant growth compared to the control. The efficacy of this formulation resulted in increased growth of roots and shoots tomato plants and total lycopene, sugar, K, N, Ca, P and Mg content after 120 days.

    CONCLUSIONS: Trichoderma asperellum B1092 showed great field potential for improving productivity and quality of tomatoes and in controlling Fusarium wilt of cherry tomato.

    SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This innovative approach using a cheap agro-waste to control the persistent soil-borne Fusarium pathogen of cherry tomato should increase soil survival rate of Trichoderma and has potential for upscaling in the field for other crops.

    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
  14. Replacement of rice bran with pleurotus florida stalks on growth performance of oreochromis niloticus fingerlings
    Hasniyati Muin, Nurul Nadwa Abdul Fatah, Izzat Hamdi Bahari, Shaharudin Abdul Razak
    Sains Malaysiana, 2014;43:675-681.
    A 6-weeks feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacement of rice bran with mushroom stalk (Pleurotus florida) an agriculture waste, on growth performance in tilapia fingerlings (Oreochromis niloticus). Three isonitrogenous (32% crude protein) diets were formulated. Rice bran was replaced with 100% (Diet 1), 50% (Diet 2) and 0% (Diet 3, control) mushroom stalk. Each dietary treatment was tested in triplicate group of 12 fingerlings per tank arranged in completely randomized design. The result of this study showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) among all diets in terms of growth performance and feed utilization. Diet 1 gave the best results in BWG, SGR, FCR and PER. An economic evaluation indicated that Diet 1 gave the lowest production cost at RM2.03/kg followed by Diet 2 (RM2.18/kg) and Diet 3 (RM2.38/kg). Taking all the factors into consideration, the best diet was Diet 1 with 100% replacement of rice bran with mushroom stalks which is also the cheapest diet. This shows that Pleurotus florida stalks can replace 100% of rice bran in practical tilapia diets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
  15. Rice bran replacement in Clarias gariepinus fingerlings diets with Pleurotus florida stalk
    Hasniyati Muin, Nurul Nadwa Abdul Fatah, Mohd Hakimi Mohd Nor, Shaharudin Abdul Razak
    Sains Malaysiana, 2013;42:1109-1114.
    The effect of replacement of ricebran by mushroom stalk (Pleurotus florida), an agriculture waste on growth performance of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings was investigated for 42 days. Three isonitrogenous (32% crude protein) experimental diets containing 100% (Diet 1), 50% (Diet 2) and 0% (Diet 3) mushroom meal were formulated. Each diet was randomly allocated to triplicate groups of fingerlings in experimental tanks, with each tank stocking 12 fishes. The fishes were fed twice daily to apparent satiation for 6 weeks. Good survival rates were obtained from fish fed with Diet 1 (94%) and Diet 3 (94%). There was no significant differences in body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) among all diets (p>0.05). The fish fed with Diet 1 showed the best BWG, SGR, FCR and PER compared with Diet 2 and Diet 3. An economic evaluation indicated that Diet 1 gave the lowest production cost at RM2.03/kg followed by Diet 2 and Diet 3 at RM2.18/kg and RM2.38/kg, respectively. This study showed that the best diet was Diet 1 with 100% replacement of rice bran with mushroom stalks costing RM2.03/kg, the cheapest among the three diets.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
  16. Fulltext Rice Crop Counting Using Aerial Imagery and GIS for the Assessment of Soil Health to Increase Crop Yield
    Hassan SI, Alam MM, Zia MYI, Rashid M, Illahi U, Su'ud MM
    Sensors (Basel), 2022 Nov 07;22(21).
    PMID: 36366269 DOI: 10.3390/s22218567
    Rice is one of the vital foods consumed in most countries throughout the world. To estimate the yield, crop counting is used to indicate improper growth, identification of loam land, and control of weeds. It is becoming necessary to grow crops healthy, precisely, and proficiently as the demand increases for food supplies. Traditional counting methods have numerous disadvantages, such as long delay times and high sensitivity, and they are easily disturbed by noise. In this research, the detection and counting of rice plants using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and aerial images with a geographic information system (GIS) are used. The technique is implemented in the area of forty acres of rice crop in Tando Adam, Sindh, Pakistan. To validate the performance of the proposed system, the obtained results are compared with the standard plant count techniques as well as approved by the agronomist after testing soil and monitoring the rice crop count in each acre of land of rice crops. From the results, it is found that the proposed system is precise and detects rice crops accurately, differentiates from other objects, and estimates the soil health based on plant counting data; however, in the case of clusters, the counting is performed in semi-automated mode.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza*
  17. Fulltext Induction of Systemic Resistance against Bacterial Leaf Streak Disease and Growth Promotion in Rice Plant by Streptomyces shenzhenesis TKSC3 and Streptomyces sp. SS8
    Hata EM, Yusof MT, Zulperi D
    Plant Pathol J, 2021 Apr;37(2):173-181.
    PMID: 33866759 DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.05.2020.0083
    The genus Streptomyces demonstrates enormous promise in promoting plant growth and protecting plants against various pathogens. Single and consortium treatments of two selected Streptomyces strains (Streptomyces shenzhenensis TKSC3 and Streptomyces sp. SS8) were evaluated for their growth-promoting potential on rice, and biocontrol efficiency through induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediation against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc), the causal agent of rice bacterial leaf streak (BLS) disease. Seed bacterization by Streptomyces strains improved seed germination and vigor, relative to the untreated seed. Under greenhouse conditions, seed bacterization with consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 increased seed germination, root length, and dry weight by 20%, 23%, and 33%, respectively. Single and consortium Streptomyces treatments also successfully suppressed Xoc infection. The result was consistent with defense-related enzyme quantification wherein single and consortium Streptomyces treatments increased peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and β,1-3 glucanase (GLU) accumulation compared to untreated plant. Within all Streptomyces treatments, consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 showed the highest disease suppression efficiency (81.02%) and the lowest area under the disease progress curve value (95.79), making it the best to control BLS disease. Consortium treatment TKSC3 + SS8 induced the highest POX and GLU enzyme activities at 114.32 μmol/min/mg protein and 260.32 abs/min/mg protein, respectively, with both enzymes responsible for plant cell wall reinforcement and resistant interaction. Our results revealed that in addition to promoting plant growth, these Streptomyces strains also mediated ISR in rice plants, thereby, ensuring protection from BLS disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
  18. Fulltext Paddy leaf disease recognition system using image processing techniques and support vector machine
    Hayatun Syamila Mamat, Nur Azwani Zaini, Suhaila Abd Halim
    ESTEEM Academic Journal, 2020;16(2):41-50.
    MyJurnal
    Paddy is a crucial agroculture sector since rice is the staple food for the majority of the world's population. However, the production of paddy is slower and less productive since many factors have affected the growth of the paddy. The existence of disease in paddy component affects the quality of rice produced. Hence, the recognition of the disease at the beginning stage is crucial as the initial approach for prevention purposes. In this study, a system is developed to detect the paddy leaf disease such as bacterial leaf blight, brown spot and leaf smut. All the processes involved are implemented and compiled using MATLAB R2020a. A set of 105 image data with disease is converted to binary image using thresholding. 6 features from all the data are extracted and divided to testing and training set before the classification process. A cubic support vector machine is used for the classification process. Lastly, accuracy, precision, and misclassification for each disease are calculated for performance evaluation. Results show that the average performance of the diseases on accuracy, precision, and misclassification are 88.57%, 82.97%, and 11.43% respectively. The use of the processes act as assistance to the paddy farmer to identify the existence of the paddy leaf disease. This could improve the quality of the paddy produced by reducing the process of manual disease checking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
  19. Japanese encephalitis in Sarawak: studies on juvenile mosquito populations
    Heathcote OH
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1970;64(4):483-8.
    PMID: 4394983
    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
  20. Fulltext Substituting white rice with brown and black rice as an alternative to prevent diabetes mellitus type 2: a case-study among young adults in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
    Helmyati S, Kiasaty S, Amalia AW, Sholihah H, Kurnia M, Wigati M, et al.
    J Diabetes Metab Disord, 2020 Dec;19(2):749-757.
    PMID: 33553011 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00555-8
    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the preference and acceptance of white rice substitution with brown and black rice among young adults in Indonesia to prevent diabetes.

    Methods: This study used a qualitative design. Rice preference deeply explored using focus group discussion as a case-study. 85 informants with an average of ages 20 years old were divided into several groups. Several topics to discuss include the reasons to accept or reject brown and black rice, knowledge, attitude, motivation, and potency to substitute white rice.

    Results: Price was the main barrier to substitute white rice to brown and black rice. The participants have known brown rice from parents, mass media, and friends. Most of them were still unfamiliar with black rice. Culture also affected the preferences of the participants. To motivate people to change their white rice diet, creative packaging and segmentation of the sale were recommended.

    Conclusion: Substituting white to brown and black rice is still a challenge for young adults in Indonesia. Several barriers such as culture, accessibility, and affordability need to be considered. Further efforts are important to manage a program to increase brown and black rice consumption.

    Matched MeSH terms: Oryza
Related Terms
Filters
Contact Us

Please provide feedback to Administrator (afdal@afpm.org.my)

External Links