This study determines the trace metal content in Anadara Granosa L., a popular seafood amongst South-East-Asians. Using the technique of instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) identification has been made of the presence of 17 trace metals including elements which are classified as toxic (As, Br, Cs) and those which are rare-earths (Eu, Ce, Lu, Tb, Yb).
Differential diagnosis of orofacial pain is crucial, as the course of each process and its clinical management varies markedly. A case is illustrated here of trigeminal neuralgia in a 49-year-old Indian female whose complaint was initially diagnosed as dental pain leading to sequential extractions of her right mandibular and maxillary molars but with no pain abatement. Subsequent neurological assessment diagnosed her complaint as trigeminal neuralgia but pain remained poorly controlled even with high doses of carbamazepine and gabapentin. A dental referral and orthopantomographic examination revealed multifocal sclerotic masses in her jaws, suggestive of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD). Right mandibular incisional biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. A decision was made to curette the right mandibular masses and lateralised the right inferior dental nerve. Follow-up disclosed considerable pain reduction. This case raises the issue as to whether the sclerotic bone masses in FCOD may have caused nerve compression which
aggravated her neuralgic pain.
IN THE TITLE COMPOUND [SYSTEMATIC NAME: 1-(3-phenyl-prop-2-eno-yl)thio-urea], C(10)H(10)N(2)OS, the acetyl-thio-urea fragment and the phenyl ring adopt an E configuration. The roughly planar but-2-enoyl-thio-urea fragment [maximum deviation = 0.053 (3) Å] forms a dihedral of 10.54 (11)° with the phenyl ring. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into sheets parallel to (100) by N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds.
In the title compound, C(14)H(16)N(2)O(3)S, the phenyl ring and the ethyl 2-(3-formyl-thio-ureido)acetate fragment adopt an E configuration with respect to the C=C bond. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond generating an S(6) ring motif is observed. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯S, C-H⋯S and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to the ab plane.
In the title compound, C(13)H(14)N(2)O(3)S, the methyl 2-(3-formyl-thio-ureido)acetate fragment and the phenyl ring adopt an E configuration. The mol-ecule exhibits an intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond, which completes a six-membered ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter-molecular N-H⋯S contacts, generating a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network.
In the title compound, C(11)H(12)N(2)O(3)S, the methyl acetate and benzoyl groups adopt a cis-trans configuration with respect to the thiono S atom across the C-N bonds. An intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal packing, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯S and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (101).
In the title compound, C(14)H(18)N(2)O(3)S, the butyl acetate fragment and the benzoyl group adopt a cis-trans configuration, respectively, with respect to the thiono S atom across the C-N bonds. In the crystal packing, the mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a one-dimensional chain along the c axis. The terminal butyl C atom is disordered with occupancies 0.82 (2)and 0.18 (2).
The title compound, C(13)H(16)N(2)O(3)S, is a thio-urea derivative with benzoyl and propoxycarbonyl-methyl groups attached to the two terminal N atoms. These groups adopt trans and cis configurations, respectively, with respect to the S atom across the thio-urea C-N bonds. The compound crystallizes in the P2(1)/c space group with Z = 8, resulting in two unique molecules in the asymmetric unit linked by C-H⋯S and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional zigzag chain along the c axis.
The title compound, C(12)H(14)N(2)O(3)S, adopts a cis-trans geometry of the thio-urea group and is stabilized by intra-molecular hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl O atoms and the H atom of the thio-amide group and by a C-H⋯S interaction. Mol-ecules are linked by two inter-molecular hydrogen bonds (C-H⋯O and N-H⋯O), forming a one-dimensional chain parallel to the c axis.
In many parts of the world, patients may find it difficult to visit doctors who share the same language and culture due to the intermingling of people and international recruitment of doctors among many other reasons. In these multilingual multicultural settings (MMSs), doctor-patient interactions face new communication challenges. This study aims to identify the structure of clinical consultation and its phases in an MMS where both doctors and patients are non-native speakers (NNSs) of English.
It is known that many older people have difficulties in performing daily living activities such as cooking. These are due to the demands of the tasks and the changes in functional capabilities of the older people. This study examines cooking tasks performed by the aged that includes preparing and cooking meals, and storing kitchen tools in the kitchen. The objectives are to investigate the cooking difficulties encounter by older people and the safety concerning cooking tasks. This study focuses on individuals of age 65 years and above who can cook for themselves and/or family. Data were collected through observation, interviews, questionnaires and role play methods. The findings revealed that the common problems were due to the awkward body position where subjects had to bend down to take things from lower shelves, taking/storing things on higher shelves and cleaning the cooker. Moreover, the safety concerns were the layout of work centres (storage, cooker and sink), the use of cooker and opening packaging. It can be concluded that cooking difficulties are caused by inappropriate kitchen design and the decline of functional capabilities in older people.
A retrospective study involving 102 adults with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) was conducted to investigate the demographic aspect, clinical presenting features, laboratory investigations, complications, and mortality associated with the disease. The clinical diagnosis of DHF was in accordance with WHO recommendations. Epistaxis, gingivitis, haematemesis and gastritis were among the common complications. Platelet levels tended to decline from a higher value on admission (mean 67,000/mm3) to lower levels on subsequent days, with the lowest (mean 61,000/mm3) being on day 6 of the fever. Hyponatraemia (46.8%) was commonly observed. Morbidity of DHF was significant (29.4%) but the case fatality rate remained low (2.0%) in our adults, suggesting that adults are less likely than children to suffer from shock syndrome.
Over many years of his life, the British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913) explored the tropical forests of Malaysia, collecting numerous specimens, including hundreds of birds, many of them new to science. Subsequently, Wallace published a series of papers on systematic ornithology, and discovered a new species on top of a volcano on Ternate, where he wrote, in 1858, his famous essay on natural selection. Based on this hands-on experience, and an analysis of an Archaeopteryx fossil, Wallace suggested that birds may have descended from dinosaurian ancestors. Here, we describe the "dinosaur-bird hypothesis" that originated with the work of Thomas H. Huxley (1825-1895). We present the strong evidence linking theropod dinosaurs to birds, and briefly outline the long and ongoing controversy around this concept. Dinosaurs preserving plumage, nesting sites and trace fossils provide overwhelming evidence for the dinosaurian origin of birds. Based on these recent findings of paleontological research, we conclude that extant birds indeed descended, with some modifications, from small, Mesozoic theropod dinosaurs. In the light of Wallace's view of bird origins, we critically evaluate recent opposing views to this idea, including Ernst Mayr's (1904-2005) arguments against the "dinosaur-bird hypothesis", and document that this famous ornithologist was not correct in his assessment of this important aspect of vertebrate evolution.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of milling methods on tensile properties of polypropylene (PP) / oil palm mesocarp fibre (OPMF) biocomposites. Two types of mills were used; Wiley mill (WM) and disc mill (DM). Ground OPMF from each milling process was examined for its particle size distribution and aspect ratio by sieve and microscopic analyses, respectively. Results showed that DM-OPMF had smaller diameter fibre with uniform particle size compared to the WM-OPMF. Surface morphology study by SEM showed that DM-OPMF had rougher surface compared to WM-OPMF. Furthermore, it was found that PP/DM-OPMF biocomposite had higher tensile strength compared to PP/WM-OPMF, with almost two-fold. Thus, it is suggested that small diameter and uniform size fibre may improve stress transfer and surface contact between the fibre and polymer matrix and cause well dispersion of filler throughout the polymer resulted in better tensile strength of PP/DM-OPMF Compared to PP/WM-OPMF biocomposite. Overall, it can be concluded that disc milling could serve as a simple and effective grinding method for improving the tensile properties of biocomposite.
The volume of contaminated rivers in Malaysia continues to keep rising through the years. The
cost of instrumental monitoring is uneconomical and prohibits schedule monitoring of
contaminants particularly heavy metals. In this work, a rapid enzyme assay utilizing the
molybdenum-reducing enzyme as an inhibitive assay, prepared in crude form from the
molybdenum-reducing bacterium Serratia sp. strain DRY5 has been developed for monitoring
the heavy metals mercury, silver, copper and chromium in contaminated waters in the Juru
Industrial Estate. The crude enzyme extract transformed soluble molybdenum
(phosphomolybdate) into a deep blue solution, which is inhibited by heavy metals such as
mercury, silver, copper and chromium. The IC50 and Limits of Detection (LOD) values for
mercury, copper, silver and cadmium were 0.245, 0.298, 0.367, 0.326, and 0.124, 0.086, 0.088
and 0.094 mg L-1, respectively. The assay is rapid, and can be carried out in less than 10 minutes.
In addition, the assay can be carried out at ambient temperature. The IC50 values for these heavy
metals are more sensitive than several established assays. Water samples from various locations
in the month of November from the Juru Industrial Estate (Penang) were tested for the presence
of heavy metals using the developed assay. Enzyme activity was nearly inhibited for water
samples from several locations. The presence of heavy metals was confirmed instrumentally
using Atomic Emission Spectrometry and a Flow Injection Mercury System. The assay is rapid
and simple and can be used as a first screening method for large scale monitoring of heavy
metals.
The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(22)H(18)N(4)O(2)S(2), lies across a crystallographic inversion centre. The central benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 29.39 (9) and 79.11 (12)°, respectively, with the thio-urea unit and the terminal phenyl ring. Intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate two S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into chains along [10] by inter-molecular N-H⋯S hydrogen bonds.