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Improvement of enzymatic bioxylitol production from sawdust hemicellulose: optimization of parameters

Rafiqul ISM, Mimi Sakinah AM, Zularisam AW

Prep Biochem Biotechnol, 2021;51(10):1060-1070.
PMID: 33724897 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2021.1897840

Enzymatic production of bioxylitol from lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) provides a promising alternative to both chemical and fermentative routes. This study aimed to assess the impacts of catalytic variables on bioxylitol production from wood sawdust using xylose reductase (XR) enzyme and to optimize the bioprocess. Enzyme-based xylitol production was carried out in batch cultivation under various experimental conditions to obtain maximum xylitol yield and productivity. The response surface methodology (RSM) was followed to fine-tune the most significant variables such as reaction time, temperature, and pH, which influence the synthesis of bioxylitol from sawdust hydrolysate and to optimize them. The optimum time, temperature, and pH became were 12.25 h, 35 °C, and 6.5, respectively, with initial xylose 18.8 g/L, NADPH 2.83 g/L, XR 0.027 U/mg, and agitation 100 rpm. The maximum xylitol production was attained at 16.28 g/L with a yield and productivity of 86.6% (w/w) and 1.33 g/L·h, respectively. Optimization of catalytic parameters using sequential strategies resulted in 1.55-fold improvement in overall xylitol production. This study explores a novel strategy for using sawdust hemicellulose in bioxylitol production by enzyme technology.
Validating the Bangla version of the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ-18) for preschoolers

Shaoli SS, Islam S, Haque S, Islam A

Asian J Psychiatr, 2019 Aug;44:143-149.
PMID: 31376798 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2019.07.044

BACKGROUND: The Preschool version of the Dimensions of Mastery Questionnaire (DMQ-18) is a popular instrument to assess children's ability to master the environment through action or activity to explore, influence, or control the physical atmosphere. Although this instrument was originally developed in English, it has now been translated and validated in five other languages: Hungarian, Turkish, Chinese, Spanish, and Persian. As we notice a growing interest in research on the mastery motivation among Bangladeshi preschoolers, we have taken this effort to translate and validate the DMQ-18 and explore the factor structure of the Bangla version of this questionnaire.
METHOD: After translating all 39 items of the questionnaire into Bangla, it was administered on 206 children, aged 3 to 6 years, recruited randomly from ten preschools in Dhaka. The schools were selected randomly from the official list of preschools prepared by the Dhaka City Corporation. Class teachers of the respective children completed the questionnaire with the assistant of research assistants.
RESULTS: The Bangla version of the questionnaire retained all 39 items, with seven factors as they were in the English version. The Bangla version shows sufficient reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.87; test-retest reliability = 0.89 for whole questionnaire and .79-.89 for sub-scales; inter-rater reliability = 0.88 for whole questionnaire and .79-.88 for sub-scales), and validity (correlated positively with the English version; r = 0.85).
CONCLUSION: Due to its robust psychometric properties, the Bangla DMQ-18 is suggested to be used for Bangladeshi preschool children to assess their mastery motivation.
Fulltext Association between Psychological Status and Functional Outcome in Surgically Managed Fractures around Hip in Geriatric Patients - A Prospective Study

Bishnoi S, Huda N, Islam S, Pant A, Agarwal S, Dholariya R

Malays Orthop J, 2021 Jul;15(2):18-25.
PMID: 34429818 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2107.004

Introduction: Fractures around the hip in the geriatric population not only lead to functional but also psychological impairment. Psychiatric disturbances can be associated with poor participation in rehabilitation, increased risk of falling again, and higher rates of mortality. The present study was undertaken to assess the association between the psychological status and functional outcome of surgically managed elderly Indian patients who had sustained fractures around the hip.
Material and Methods: The present study was a hospital based prospective, single centre study. One hundred and two geriatric patients who had sustained hip fracture and had been managed surgically, having no cognitive dysfunction, living independently, having unhindered walking capability before the fracture, were included in the study. They were called for follow-up at 3rd, 6th, and 12th month after the hip surgery. Psychological assessment was done by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and functional outcome by using the Harris hip score (HHS).
Results: Our study did not show association between psychological status and functional outcome except in one sub-group. Significant correlation was observed between the psychological status and functional outcome in most of the patients in the extra-capsular group. We have identified improvement in the depression, anxiety and functional scores during the follow-up.
Conclusion: We conclude that psychiatric disturbances in a geriatric patient after undergoing a surgery for hip fracture may lead to poor recovery. We recommend that all such geriatric patients should undergo a psychological assessment and proper therapy should be instituted to achieve good functional recovery.
Effects of salt and heat pre-treatment factors on efficient regeneration in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Haque M, Islam SMS, Subramaniam S

3 Biotech, 2017 May;7(1):63.
PMID: 28452013 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0675-z

An efficient callus induction and plant regeneration system has been developed using salt and heat as pre-treatment factors for three barley genotypes viz. BB-3, BB-6 and BHL-18. Different concentrations of NaCl (1.5, 2.5, 3.5, 4.5, 5.5 and 6.5 g/L) were used and its effects were determined on the basis of the viability of callus (CV), plant regeneration (PR), relative growth rate (RGR) and tolerance index (TI). The BB-6 showed highest performance on tolerance based on CV (14.72%), PR (7.69%), RGR (0.91%) and TI (0.42%) at 6.5 g/L NaCl. Various NaCl concentrations displayed significantly differences at P
Fulltext Cognitive assessments for the early diagnosis of dementia after stroke

Al-Qazzaz NK, Ali SH, Ahmad SA, Islam S

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2014;10:1743-51.
PMID: 25246795 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S68443

The early detection of poststroke dementia (PSD) is important for medical practitioners to customize patient treatment programs based on cognitive consequences and disease severity progression. The aim is to diagnose and detect brain degenerative disorders as early as possible to help stroke survivors obtain early treatment benefits before significant mental impairment occurs. Neuropsychological assessments are widely used to assess cognitive decline following a stroke diagnosis. This study reviews the function of the available neuropsychological assessments in the early detection of PSD, particularly vascular dementia (VaD). The review starts from cognitive impairment and dementia prevalence, followed by PSD types and the cognitive spectrum. Finally, the most usable neuropsychological assessments to detect VaD were identified. This study was performed through a PubMed and ScienceDirect database search spanning the last 10 years with the following keywords: "post-stroke"; "dementia"; "neuro-psychological"; and "assessments". This study focuses on assessing VaD patients on the basis of their stroke risk factors and cognitive function within the first 3 months after stroke onset. The search strategy yielded 535 articles. After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, only five articles were considered. A manual search was performed and yielded 14 articles. Twelve articles were included in the study design and seven articles were associated with early dementia detection. This review may provide a means to identify the role of neuropsychological assessments as early PSD detection tests.
Fulltext Thin film flow in MHD third grade fluid on a vertical belt with temperature dependent viscosity

Gul T, Islam S, Shah RA, Khan I, Shafie S

PLoS One, 2014;9(6):e97552.
PMID: 24949988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097552

In this work, we have carried out the influence of temperature dependent viscosity on thin film flow of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) third grade fluid past a vertical belt. The governing coupled non-linear differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions are solved analytically by using Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM). In order to make comparison, the governing problem has also been solved by using Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The physical characteristics of the problem have been well discussed in graphs for several parameter of interest.
Age at menarche of university students in Bangladesh: secular trends and association with adult anthropometric measures and socio-demographic factors

Hossain MG, Islam S, Aik S, Zaman TK, Lestrel PE

J Biosoc Sci, 2010 Sep;42(5):677-87.
PMID: 20529410 DOI: 10.1017/S0021932010000210

Age at menarche has been shown to be an important indicator for diseases such as breast cancer and ischaemic heart disease. The aim of the present study was to document secular trends in age at menarche and their association with anthropometric measures and socio-demographic factors in university students in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 995 students from Rajshahi University using a stratified sampling technique between July 2004 and May 2005. Trends in age at menarche were examined by linear regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis was used to assess the association of age at menarche with adult anthropometric measures and various socio-demographic factors. The mean and median age of menarche were 13.12+/-1.16 and 13.17 years, respectively, with an increasing tendency among birth-year cohorts from 1979 to 1986. Menarcheal age was negatively associated with BMI (p<0.01), but positively associated with height (p<0.05). Early menarche was especially pronounced among students from urban environments, Muslims and those with better educated mothers. Increasing age at menarche may be explained by improved nutritional status among Bangladeshi populations. Early menarche was associated with residence location at adolescence, religion and mother's education.
Fulltext Invariant domain watermarking using heaviside function of order alpha and fractional Gaussian field

Abbasi A, Woo CS, Ibrahim RW, Islam S

PLoS One, 2015;10(4):e0123427.
PMID: 25884854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123427

Digital image watermarking is an important technique for the authentication of multimedia content and copyright protection. Conventional digital image watermarking techniques are often vulnerable to geometric distortions such as Rotation, Scaling, and Translation (RST). These distortions desynchronize the watermark information embedded in an image and thus disable watermark detection. To solve this problem, we propose an RST invariant domain watermarking technique based on fractional calculus. We have constructed a domain using Heaviside function of order alpha (HFOA). The HFOA models the signal as a polynomial for watermark embedding. The watermark is embedded in all the coefficients of the image. We have also constructed a fractional variance formula using fractional Gaussian field. A cross correlation method based on the fractional Gaussian field is used for watermark detection. Furthermore the proposed method enables blind watermark detection where the original image is not required during the watermark detection thereby making it more practical than non-blind watermarking techniques. Experimental results confirmed that the proposed technique has a high level of robustness.
Fulltext Formulation and application of optimal homotopty asymptotic method to coupled differential-difference equations

Ullah H, Islam S, Khan I, Shafie S, Fiza M

PLoS One, 2015;10(4):e0120127.
PMID: 25874457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120127

In this paper we applied a new analytic approximate technique Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) for treatment of coupled differential-difference equations (DDEs). To see the efficiency and reliability of the method, we consider Relativistic Toda coupled nonlinear differential-difference equation. It provides us a convenient way to control the convergence of approximate solutions when it is compared with other methods of solution found in the literature. The obtained solutions show that OHAM is effective, simpler, easier and explicit.
Synthesis of Au-Ag Alloy Nanoparticles in Deionized Water by Pulsed Laser Ablation Technique

Norsyuhada W, Shukri WM, Bidin N, Islam S, Krishnan G

J Nanosci Nanotechnol, 2018 Jul 01;18(7):4841-4851.
PMID: 29442664 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2018.15358

Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles are physically synthesized using rapid, simple and efficient Q-switched Nd:YAG pulsed laser ablation in liquid technique (PLAL). Au and Ag colloidal solutions are separately prepared by 1064 nm laser ablation of metallic target (gold and silver) which is immersed in deionized water. Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles are prepared by irradiating the mixture of Au and Ag colloidal solutions with 532 nm of second harmonic wavelength of Nd:YAG laser at three different ratio, 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 within different exposure times. The three of plasmon absorption bands of Au-Ag nanoparticles are shifted linearly to the lower wavelength [499.67 nm (3:1), 481.25 nm (1:1), 467.91 nm (1:3)], as compared to plasmon absorption spectra of pure Au (520 nm) and Ag (400 nm). Moreover, the change in colors are also observed from red (Au) and yellow (Ag) to orange, brown and green color due to the Au-Ag alloy formations, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy shows the Ag shell around the inner core of Au spherical metal with broad size distribution due to the three different volume ratio, respectively (1.7 nm, 0.7 nm, 1.4 nm). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of Au and Ag elements in Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles without any contaminations. Attenuated total reflectance fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis also confirms the homogenous Au-Ag alloys chemical bonding.
Effects of Melatonin on Colchicine-Treated PLBs of Dendrobium sonia-28 Orchid

Lim MS, Antony JJ, Islam SM, Suhana Z, Sreeramanan S

Appl Biochem Biotechnol, 2017 Jan;181(1):15-31.
PMID: 27461541 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2196-3

Dendrobium hybrid orchid is popular in orchid commercial industry due to its short life cycle and ability to produce various types of flower colours. This study was conducted to identify the morphological, biochemical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in the Dendrobium sonia-28 orchid plants. In this study, 0.05 and 0.075 % of colchicine-treated Dendrobium sonia-28 (4-week-old culture) protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) were treated in different concentrations of melatonin (MEL) posttreatments (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 μM). Morphological parameters such as number of shoots, growth index and number of PLBs were determined. In the 0.05 and 0.075 % of colchicine-treated PLBs which were posttreated with 0.05 μM MEL resulted in the highest value of the morphological parameters tested based on the number of shoots (84.5 and 96.67), growth index (16.94 and 12.15) and number of PLBs (126.5 and 162.33), respectively. SEM analysis of the 0.05 μM MEL posttreatment on both the colchicine-treated regenerated PLBs showed irregular cell lineages, and some damages occurred on the stomata. This condition might be due to the effect of plasmolyzing occurred in the cell causing irregular cell lineages.
Fulltext Benign Subcutaneous Emphysema of the Upper Limb: A Case Report

Rabiul Islam SM, Mamman KG, Pande KC

Malays Orthop J, 2016 Nov;10(3):39-41.
PMID: 28553447 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1611.002

Subcutaneous emphysema is the presence of gas or air in the subcutaneous tissue plane. The term is generally used to describe any soft tissue emphysema of the body wall or limbs, it can result from benign causes, most commonly secondary to trauma or from a life-threatening infection by gas gangrene or necrotising fasciitis. A case of subcutaneous emphysema involving the upper limb resulting from a trivial laceration to the elbow is reported and the importance of distinguishing between the two causes of subcutaneous emphysema is highlighted.
Fulltext COVID-19 pandemic: An analysis of the healthcare, social and economic challenges in Bangladesh

Islam S, Islam R, Mannan F, Rahman S, Islam T

Prog Disaster Sci, 2020 Dec;8:100135.
PMID: 34173450 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100135

Bangladesh is one of the worst hit countries in South Asia for COVID-19 outbreak. The objective of this article is to analyse healthcare, social and economic challenges faced by the country. Quantitative data and qualitative information from different sources have been used. Our analysis indicates that limited well-equipped hospitals, inadequate testing facilities, lack of awareness, improper knowledge, attitude to and practice of rules, poverty and precarious employment are the factors dominant in spreading COVID-19. Strict enforcement measures and ensuring people's adherence to rules may help reduce spread of infections. Adequate healthcare services are essential for establishing proper medical care.
Fulltext Heat transfer analysis of MHD thin film flow of an unsteady second grade fluid past a vertical oscillating belt

Gul T, Islam S, Shah RA, Khan I, Khalid A, Shafie S

PLoS One, 2014;9(11):e103843.
PMID: 25383797 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103843

This article aims to study the thin film layer flowing on a vertical oscillating belt. The flow is considered to satisfy the constitutive equation of unsteady second grade fluid. The governing equation for velocity and temperature fields with subjected initial and boundary conditions are solved by two analytical techniques namely Adomian Decomposition Method (ADM) and Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM). The comparisons of ADM and OHAM solutions for velocity and temperature fields are shown numerically and graphically for both the lift and drainage problems. It is found that both these solutions are identical. In order to understand the physical behavior of the embedded parameters such as Stock number, frequency parameter, magnetic parameter, Brinkman number and Prandtl number, the analytical results are plotted graphically and discussed.
Fulltext Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction after a stroke diagnosis: a post-stroke memory assessment

Al-Qazzaz NK, Ali SH, Ahmad SA, Islam S, Mohamad K

Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat, 2014;10:1677-91.
PMID: 25228808 DOI: 10.2147/NDT.S67184

Cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction following stroke diagnosis are common symptoms that significantly affect the survivors' quality of life. Stroke patients have a high potential to develop dementia within the first year of stroke onset. Currently, efforts are being exerted to assess stroke effects on the brain, particularly in the early stages. Numerous neuropsychological assessments are being used to evaluate and differentiate cognitive impairment and dementia following stroke. This article focuses on the role of available neuropsychological assessments in detection of dementia and memory loss after stroke. This review starts with stroke types and risk factors associated with dementia development, followed by a brief description of stroke diagnosis criteria and the effects of stroke on the brain that lead to cognitive impairment and end with memory loss. This review aims to combine available neuropsychological assessments to develop a post-stroke memory assessment (PSMA) scheme based on the most recognized and available studies. The proposed PSMA is expected to assess different types of memory functionalities that are related to different parts of the brain according to stroke location. An optimal therapeutic program that would help stroke patients enjoy additional years with higher quality of life is presented.
Fulltext Unsteady MHD Thin Film Flow of an Oldroyd-B Fluid over an Oscillating Inclined Belt

Gul T, Islam S, Shah RA, Khalid A, Khan I, Shafie S

PLoS One, 2015;10(7):e0126698.
PMID: 26147287 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126698

This paper studies the unsteady magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) thin film flow of an incompressible Oldroyd-B fluid over an oscillating inclined belt making a certain angle with the horizontal. The problem is modeled in terms of non-linear partial differential equations with some physical initial and boundary conditions. This problem is solved for the exact analytic solutions using two efficient techniques namely the Optimal Homotopy Asymptotic Method (OHAM) and Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM). Both of these solutions are presented graphically and compared. This comparison is also shown in tabular form. An excellent agreement is observed. The effects of various physical parameters on velocity have also been studied graphically.
Fulltext COVID-19 Pandemic: How is Bangladesh coping with the rapid spread of coronavirus infection?

Islam S, Mannan F, Islam T, Rahman S, Liza SS, Chisti MJ, et al.

J Infect Dev Ctries, 2020 Oct 31;14(10):1098-1105.
PMID: 33175702 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.13289

The novel coronavirus has become a global risk because of its massive transmission and high rates of mutation. Efficient clinical management remains a challenge in combatting the severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by this virulent strain. This contagious disease is new to the people of Bangladesh. The country is at high risk of spreading the coronavirus infection particularly because of its high population density. Significant morbidity and mortality have been observed for the quick transmission of this virus since March 8, 2020. The basic objective of this article is to analyze the preparedness of Bangladesh, given its constraints and limitations, to cope with the rapid spread of COVID-19 infection. In doing so, it summarizes the origin of coronavirus, epidemiology, mode of transmission, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the disease. Although many steps have been taken by the Government and the private sector of Bangladesh to create awareness about measures needed to prevent the deadly infections, many people are unaware of and reluctant to accept the prescribed rules. Inadequacy of diagnostic facilities and limitations of clinical care and health care services were major constraints faced in treating COVID-19 infected people in Bangladesh. Greater compliance by the people in following the suggested measures may help reduce the rapid spread of the disease and overcome the challenges faced by this pandemic.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Antimicrobial Uses and Resistance Among Public University Students in Bangladesh

Marzan M, Islam DZ, Lugova H, Krishnapillai A, Haque M, Islam S

Infect Drug Resist, 2021;14:519-533.
PMID: 33603416 DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S289964

Background: Antibiotics are lifesaving drugs, and inappropriate uses lead to the resistance that renders them ineffective. This study aims to understand knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) concerning antibiotic use and resistance among university students in Bangladesh.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed from January to April 2020 among students at Jahangirnagar University (JU), Bangladesh. Purposive sampling was conducted through an in-person interview using a structured questionnaire. Students from the faculties of biological sciences and non-biology background were included. The univariate ordinal regression technique was used to analyze the relationship between predictors and good knowledge about the antibiotics. A two-tailed p-value was calculated to determine statistical association.
Results: Out of 205 study participants, 92 and 113 responders were from biological science faculty and non-biology disciplines, respectively. Less than half of the students (42.4%) showed a good knowledge level (scores higher than 80%). Biology-background students possess better knowledge than non-biology students [odds ratio (OR) = 4.44, 95% confidence level (CL) (2.56, 7.70), p < 0.001]. A better attitude was noticed among all students. The self-medication rate was quite low, and more than 90% of students were found to consume antibiotics according to the physician's prescription. Lack of treatment adherence was recorded, and students admitted to stop-taking antibiotics when symptoms disappeared (48.67% biology and 36.26% non-biology). Multivariate regression analysis was unable to detect any significant association between self-medication and gender, student category or the level of knowledge about antibiotics.
Conclusion: Students of biological science background possessed better knowledge indicating the importance of appropriate curriculum imparted in knowledge buildup. Introducing a short course about the risk and development of antibiotic resistance will grow the students' awareness to avoid the resistance phenomenon.
Fulltext Stimulated Ag Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser Ablation for Breast Cancer Treatment

Wan Mohd Shukri WN, Bakhtiar H, Islam S, Bidin N, Baba S, Hamdan S, et al.

Biomed Environ Sci, 2021 Feb 20;34(2):119-123.
PMID: 33685570 DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.017
Influence of gold nanoparticles on wound healing treatment in rat model: Photobiomodulation therapy

Lau P, Bidin N, Islam S, Shukri WNBWM, Zakaria N, Musa N, et al.

Lasers Surg Med, 2017 04;49(4):380-386.
PMID: 27859389 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22614

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on wound healing process.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: AuNPs are synthesized by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser ablation technique. Cutaneous wound are induced on 45 Sprague Dawley rats on its dorsal part and then randomly divided into three groups. One group serves as non-treatment group (GC) and another two groups are subjected to AuNPs with and without PBMT. About 808 nm diode laser with output power of 100 mW is used as a light source for PBMT. The treatment was carried out daily with exposure duration of 50 seconds and total fluence of 5 J/cm2 . Wound area is monitored for 9 consecutive days using a digital camera, and histological examination is performed at 3rd, 6th, and 9th day through hematoxylin and eosin stain as well as Masson's trichrome stain.
RESULTS: The group of rats subjected to AuNPs with PBMT shows significantly accelerated wound closure compared to other groups. Histological results indicate that AuNPs and PBMT group is more effective in stimulating angiogenesis and triggers inflammatory response at early stage.
CONCLUSION: The application of AuNPs in PBMT has potential to accelerate wound healing due to enhanced epithelialization, collagen deposition and fast vascularization. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:380-386, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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