MyMedR

Fulltext Actinomycosis of the accessory breast treated with cotrimoxazole

Mohammed KN

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):229-31.

Actinomycosis is a chronic suppurative granulomatous disease caused by the filamentous bacteria, Actinomyces israelii, which was once thought to be a fungus. It is a Gram-positive, aerobic or microaerophillic, non acid-fast hyphal organism which fragments into coccoid or bacillary forms and, unlike the fungus, does not form conidia. Accessory breast tissue usually occurs along the milk lines, frequently in the axilla and rarely in the thighs. Actinomycosis of the breast is very uncommon and we report the case of a multiparous woman who had a painful lump in the axilla which, on histopathologic examination, showed actinomycosis within the accessory breast tissue.

Extramammary Paget's disease presenting as condylomata lata

Mohammed KN

Int J STD AIDS, 1993 Jul-Aug;4(4):242-3.

PMID: 8399509

Peripheral, pruritic, and purpuric eruptions due to prazosin

Mohammed KN

Ann Saudi Med, 1995 Jan;15(1):81.

PMID: 17587910

Fulltext Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy--a fulminant case

Mohamed KN

Singapore Med J, 1991 Aug;32(4):276-8.

PMID: 1776012

A 60 year old male presented with pruritus, excoriations and enlargement of several groups of lymph nodes associated with constitutional symptoms following the intake of an aspirin preparation. Lymph node biopsy established the diagnosis of angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy. The need to be aware of this condition is highlighted when patients present with clinical features suspicious of lymphoma.

Hypersensitivity reaction to dapsone: report from Malaysia

Mohamed KN

Lepr Rev, 1984 Dec;55(4):385-9.

PMID: 6527602

Late yaws and optic atrophy

Mohamed KN

Ann Trop Med Parasitol, 1990 Dec;84(6):637-9.

PMID: 2076042

Fulltext Inguinal bubo: problems in diagnosis

Mohammed KN

Singapore Med J, 1992 Dec;33(6):600-2.

PMID: 1488670

Two of the four patients with tropical venereal diseases underwent incision and drainage of the inguinal bubo resulting in discharging sinus before they were referred to the Skin Clinic. Clinical diagnosis was made in all four but could not be confirmed. With appropriate therapy resolution was achieved without complications. The difficulties in arriving at and establishing the diagnosis are discussed.

Study site: Department of Dermatology
Sultanah Aminah General Hospital

Imported yaws in Johor, Malaysia

Mohamed KN

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1988 Dec;8(4):222-4.

PMID: 2467607

Yaws was detected in a six-member family in the southern Malaysia state of Johor. This stresses the need to be vigilant against a long-forgotten disease of childhood which was of great public health concern in the past.

Verrucous lesions in children in the tropics

Mohamed KN

Ann Trop Paediatr, 1990;10(3):273-7.

PMID: 1703744

A wide variety of skin disorders in children are encountered by doctors practising in tropical countries. While some of them are common and pose little difficulty in their management, a few are uncommon, run a protracted course and cause errors in diagnosis. Two patients--one with cutaneous tuberculosis and the other with chromomycosis--are described and illustrate the importance of early and prompt detection of disease in children.

Areca nut: a review

Arjungi KN

Arzneimittelforschung, 1976;26(5):951-6.

PMID: 786304

Areca cattechu Linn is commonly known as areca nut or betel nut. It is a very widely cultivated plant in eastern countries like India, Bangladesh, Ceylon, Malaya, the Philippines and Japan. The importance of this nut is due to its use for chewing purposes. It had an important place as a pharmaceutical in Ayurveda--the ancient Indian system of medicine--also in the Chinese medicinal practices. The pharmaceutical importance of areca nut is due to the presence of an alkaloid, arecoline. Synthetic arecoline hydrobromide is also shown to possess numerous pharmacological properties. Chewing of "betel quid" or areca nut is a typical oriental habit. Betel quid comprises betel leaf, areca nut, catechu, lime and sometimes also tobacco. It is shown that there exists a correlationship between betel quid or areca nut chewing habit and oral cancer. A number of investigators have been able to produce cellular changes such as leukoplakia by application of betel quid or areca nut extract to the buccal mucosa of different animal.

Supernumerary teeth

Tratman EK, Chiam KN

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;4:362-74.

Malignant transformation of recurrent juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis

Subramaniam KN, Prepageran N, Jalaludin MA, Krishnan G

JUMMEC, 2000;5:105-106.

Fulltext Surgical removal of inverted papilloma: case report of endoscopic versus open excision

Prepageran N, Gopala K, Subramaniam KN

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Dec;57(4):493-5.

PMID: 12733177

We describe two cases of nasal inverted papilloma who had different management modalities. Although both were essentially of the same pathology, one underwent endoscopic excision while the other was treated with the more popular lateral rhinotomy and medial maxillectomy. We wish to highlight the different modalities of treatment available for inverted papilloma and a review of published results.

Survival of Vibrio cholerae on different finger locations of a volunteer following artificial inoculation

Yap KL, Hu KN

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 2008 Jul;39(4):667-75.

PMID: 19058604

The importance of bacteria-suspending media and fingertip positions on the survival of Vibrio cholerae on human fingertips were examined. Vibrios were suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), PBS with albumin, and PBS with agarose. Each type of preparation was inoculated on the fingerpads, the hyponychia, or the eponychia and lateral nail grooves of the fourth, third and second fingers of a volunteer's hand. The last finger inoculated was immediately washed with PBS and the washing collected for examination ("0 minute" exposure). The third and fourth inoculated fingers were likewise washed for examination 2 and 5 minutes later, respectively. The vibrios obtained from the washings were enumerated by culture. For each of the different groups, which consisted of a different inoculated fingertip position, bacteria-suspending medium and exposure period of 2 or 5 minutes, the proportion of replicate inoculated fingers which retained viable vibrios (isolation rate) and the mean number of surviving vibrios, as a percentage of the inoculated vibrios at "0 minute exposure" (survival rate) were as follows: finger pads: vibrios in PBS, 2 minutes post-inoculation (isolation rate, 25%; mean survival rate, 0.002%); 5 minutes post-inoculation (isolation rate, 0%; mean survival rate, 0%). PBS-albumin: 2 minutes post-inoculation (60%, 0.004%); 5 minutes post-inoculation (40%, 0.03%). PBS-agarose: 2 minutes post-inoculation (100%, 24%); 5 minutes post-inoculation (38%, 0.005%). Lateral nail grooves and eponychia: PBS: 2 minutes post-inoculation (100%, 2.2%); 5 minutes post-inoculation (44%, 0.2%). PBS-agarose: 2 minutes post-inoculation (100%, 32%); 5 minutes post-inoculation (100%, 0.7%). Hyponychia: PBS: 2 minutes post-inoculation (100%, 8%); 5 minutes post-inoculation (100%, 0.2%). PBS-agarose: 2 minutes post-inoculation (100%, 46%); 5 minutes post-inoculation (100%, 8%). The results show that vibrios in moisture-retaining medium (PBS-agarose) and inoculated on a sheltered fingertip locations (hyponychium) have the best survival rates. However, the high survival rate was maintained briefly.

Fulltext Natural Products and Their Bioactive Compounds: Neuroprotective Potentials against Neurodegenerative Diseases

Mohd Sairazi NS, Sirajudeen KNS

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2020;2020:6565396.

PMID: 32148547 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6565396

In recent years, natural products, which originate from plants, animals, and fungi, together with their bioactive compounds have been intensively explored and studied for their therapeutic potentials for various diseases such as cardiovascular, diabetes, hypertension, reproductive, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are characterized by the progressive dysfunction and loss of neuronal structure and function that resulted in the neuronal cell death. Since the multifactorial pathological mechanisms are associated with neurodegeneration, targeting multiple mechanisms of actions and neuroprotection approach, which involves preventing cell death and restoring the function to damaged neurons, could be promising strategies for the prevention and therapeutic of neurodegenerative diseases. Natural products have emerged as potential neuroprotective agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. This review focused on the therapeutic potential of natural products and their bioactive compounds to exert a neuroprotective effect on the pathologies of neurodegenerative diseases.

Hypertension in the absence of urinary abnormalities - An unusual presentation of anaphylactoid purpura

Thong PL, How KN, Bakrin IH

Med J Malaysia, 2020 07;75(4):436-438.

PMID: 32724011

Henoch-Schonlein Purpura (HSP) or anaphylactoid purpura, currently named IgA vasculitis is the most common form of systemic vasculitis in children. In adults and young infants, HSP tends to have atypical presentations with higher rates of severe gastrointestinal problems and delayed renal complications. While hypertension is a known complication of HSP nephritis, it is rarely seen in individuals with normal renal function and urinary findings. We report a case of a 7-year-old boy with HSP, who presented with abdominal pain and severe hypertension without other features of glomerulonephritis.

Identification and characterization of human serum alpha2-HS glycoprotein as a jacalin-bound protein

To WY, Leung JC, Lai KN

Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1995 May 18;1249(1):58-64.

PMID: 7766684

We recently adopted immobilized jacalin as an affinity adsorbent to purify human serum IgA for laboratory study. In the course of our investigation, we detected a serum protein that co-eluted with IgA from jacalin-agarose affinity column. It constituted in significant quantity (24.0 +/- 0.9%, n = 30) of total jacalin-bound protein (JBP) and the yield was equivalent to 0.4 +/- 0.1 mg per ml serum. The molecular mass of this protein was 55 kDa with electromobility in the alpha 2 region as demonstrated by SDS-PAGE and immunoelectrophoresis. N-terminal microsequencing of this 55 kDa protein revealed that it is human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (alpha 2HSG). The molecular interaction of alpha 2HSG with jacalin was characterized by competitive ELISA: human serum IgA, human colostrum secretory IgA (sIgA), and monosaccharides including D-galactose and melibiose exhibited strong inhibitory effect on its binding to jacalin. Accordingly, we propose that human alpha 2HSG binds in a similar manner as that of the bovine fetuin to jacalin. In addition, alpha 2HSG displays similar binding property to jacalin from different geographic area (India and Malaysia) and from different laboratory preparations (Sigma, Pierce and 'homemade' jacalin).

Fulltext Comparison of effects of mass annual and biannual single dose therapy with diethylcarbamazine for the control of Malayan filariasis

Panicker KN, Krishnamoorthy K, Sabesan S, Prathiba J, Abidha

Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health, 1991 Sep;22(3):402-11.

PMID: 1818392

Annual and biannual mass single dose diethylcarbamazine citrate (DEC) at 6 mg/kg body weight was administered to people in a Brugia malayi endemic area in Shertallai part of Kerala, India, in 1987 and 1988. The coverage of population ranged between 41.33% and 66.01% in different rounds. The highest percentage of treated population developing side reactions was 8.4%. Both annual and biannual regimens were effective in reducing the microfilaria prevalence significantly from 4.90% to 1.23% and from 6.27% to 0.62% respectively and the incidence of infection was minimal in the adult population and zero among children. There was significant reduction in mean microfilaria count in both annual (81.08%) and biannual (98.00%) areas. Marked reduction in the proportion of high density carriers and infectivity index of the population after DEC therapy was also observed. Beneficial effect of mass single dose DEC on clinical cases of filariasis was evident from the reduction in the prevalence of acute manifestations, recent edema cases and the proportion of chronic cases with acute episodes. Results obtained from mass treatment areas were compared with those of the control area.

Fulltext Blended learning for reinforcing dental pharmacology in the clinical years: A qualitative analysis

Eachempati P, Kiran Kumar KS, Sumanth KN

Indian J Pharmacol, 2016 Oct;48(Suppl 1):S25-S28.

PMID: 28031603 DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.193315

OBJECTIVES: Blended learning has become the method of choice in educational institutions because of its systematic integration of traditional classroom teaching and online components. This study aims to analyze student's reflection regarding blended learning in dental pharmacology.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Faculty of Dentistry, Melaka-Manipal Medical College among 3(rd) and 4(th) year BDS students. A total of 145 dental students, who consented, participate in the study. Students were divided into 14 groups. Nine online sessions followed by nine face-to-face discussions were held. Each session addressed topics related to oral lesions and orofacial pain with pharmacological applications. After each week, students were asked to reflect on blended learning. On completion of 9 weeks, reflections were collected and analyzed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Qualitative analysis was done using thematic analysis model suggested by Braun and Clarke.

RESULTS: The four main themes were identified, namely, merits of blended learning, skill in writing prescription for oral diseases, dosages of drugs, and identification of strengths and weakness. In general, the participants had a positive feedback regarding blended learning. Students felt more confident in drug selection and prescription writing. They could recollect the doses better after the online and face-to-face sessions. Most interestingly, the students reflected that they are able to identify their strength and weakness after the blended learning sessions.

CONCLUSIONS: Blended learning module was successfully implemented for reinforcing dental pharmacology. The results obtained in this study enable us to plan future comparative studies to know the effectiveness of blended learning in dental pharmacology.

Contact sensitisation in adults: a 5-year retrospective review in hospital Kuala Lumpur

How KN, Tang MM, Kaur R, Johar A

Med J Malaysia, 2017 04;72(2):113-118.

PMID: 28473674 MyJurnal

BACKGROUND: The pattern of contact sensitisation should be monitored in order to detect the changing trend of sensitising allergens. We aim to evaluate contact sensitisation in adults suspected to have allergic contact dermatitis.

METHODS: This is a five-year retrospective review on contact sensitisation in adults patch-tested with the European Standard and extended series between 2011 and 2015 in the Department of Dermatology, Hospital Kuala Lumpur.

RESULTS: There were 689 adults (M:F= 1:2.04; mean age 40.5 years) who were patch-tested. The majority (175, 25.4%) were white collar workers and 118 (17.1%) were healthcare workers. The provisional diagnoses of patients included contact dermatitis (80.8%); endogenous eczema (7.9%); hand eczema (3.2%); hand and foot eczema (3.5%); foot eczema (1.4%) and photodermatitis (1.2%). The allergens selected for testing were based on past and present history of exposure. Almost all (688, 99.8%) were patch-tested with the European standard allergens and 466 (67.6%) were tested with the extended series. About three quarter (528, 76.6%) developed at least one positive reaction. The top five most frequent reactions were to nickel sulphate (35.3%); potassium dichromate (16.5%); methylchloroisothiazolinone (12.9%), fragrance mix I (12.6%), and cobalt chloride (10.2%). The commonest sensitisations identified in the extended series were palladium chloride (23/105, 21.9%), stannous chloride (18/85, 21.2%), miconazole (7/44, 15.9%), gold(I)sodium thiosulfate (16/105, 15.2%) and thimerosal (29/202, 14.4%).

CONCLUSION: Contact sensitisation was detected in 76.6% of adults patch-tested. Nickel sulphate was found to be the most frequently sensitising allergen. The rising prevalence of methylchloroisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone sensitization poses significant concern.

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