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Fulltext Evaluation of Results of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of Fracture of Distal End of Femur with Intra-Articular Extension

Amin TK, Patel I, Patel MJ, Kazi MM, Kachhad K, Modi DR

Malays Orthop J, 2021 Nov;15(3):78-83.
PMID: 34966499 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.2111.012

INTRODUCTION: Fractures of the distal femur account for 0.4% of all fractures. They involve about 7% of all femur fractures, with bimodal age distribution, commonly occur during high-velocity trauma of motor vehicle accidents in the younger group of patients and are frequently associated with other skeletal injuries. The treatment of distal femoral fractures has evolved from conservative treatment to more aggressive operative treatment. The aim is to achieve and maintain a good reduction of the joint to allow early active mobilisation, thus minimising the joint stiffness and severe muscular atrophy encountered in the conservative treatment.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective study of 25 patients with distal femur fracture with intra-articular extension treated with open reduction and internal fixation with DFLP, admitted at our institute between 2016 to 2019, with a minimum follow-up of six months.
RESULTS: In our study, 19 (76%) patients had excellent to good results. Three (12%) patients had fair outcomes, and three (12%) patients had poor outcomes according to Neer's score. The average time for bone union in closed fractures was earlier (4.25 months) than open fractures, averaging 5.86 months. The outcome was almost similar between closed and open fractures. There were 2 (8%) cases of infection in the early post-operative period, 7 (12%) patients suffered from knee stiffness, and there were 3 (12%) cases with a pre-operative bone loss that required bone grafting.
CONCLUSION: Management of complex intra-articular distal femur fracture has always been a challenge. Anatomical reduction of articular fragments and rigid fixation of these fractures are a must. DFLP provides angular stability with multiple options to secure fixation of both metaphyseal and articular fragments with the restoration of the joint congruity, limb length, alignment and rotation, allowing early mobilisation and aggressive physiotherapy without loss of fixation, resulting in gratifying functional outcome and low complication rate.
Fulltext MHD blood flow effects of Casson fluid with Caputo-Fabrizio fractional derivatives through an inclined blood vessels with thermal radiation

Jamil DF, Uddin S, Kazi M, Roslan R, Gorji MR, Kamalrulzaman Md Akhir M

Heliyon, 2023 Nov;9(11):e21780.
PMID: 38027788 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21780

This study investigates a fractional-order time derivative model of non-Newtonian magnetic blood flow in the presence of thermal radiation and body acceleration through an inclined artery. The blood flow is formulated using the Casson fluid model under the control of a uniformly distributed magnetic field and an oscillating pressure gradient. Caputo-Fabrizio's fractional derivative mathematical model was used, along with Laplace transform and the finite Hankel transform technique. Analytical expressions were obtained for the velocity of blood flow, magnetic particle distribution, and temperature profile. These distributions are presented graphically using Mathcad software. The results show that the velocity increases with the time, Reynolds number and Casson fluid parameters, and diminishes when Hartmann number increases. Moreover, fractional parameters, radiation values, and metabolic heat source play an essential role in controlling the blood temperature. More precisely, these results are beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of certain medical issues.
Fulltext Comparative Evaluation of Quality Management Practices in the Public and Private Hospitals in Visakhapatnam District: An Original Research

Tiwari RVC, Sharma SK, Sahoo SR, Velthuru SK, Basavarajaiah JM, Kazi M, et al.

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2024 Feb;16(Suppl 1):S592-S597.
PMID: 38595367 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_882_23

BACKGROUND: In the Visakhapatnam District, this study compares the quality management procedures used by public and private hospitals. Knowing how these practices are similar and different from one another can help inform policy decisions and improve the quality of health care.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study design was used, and 100 hospitals from both public (50 hospitals) and private (50 hospitals) were included in the sample size. A standardized questionnaire that evaluated different aspects of quality management practices was used to gather the data. Descriptive statistics and inferential tests were used in the quantitative analysis.
RESULTS: Significant variations in quality management procedures between public and private hospitals were found. In terms of patient happiness, service responsiveness, and technological use, private hospitals scored better. Regarding accessibility, cost, and equity of healthcare services, public hospitals fared better.
CONCLUSION: The report emphasizes the necessity of focused initiatives to improve quality management procedures in both public and commercial institutions. Collaboration between the two sectors can make it easier to deploy evidence-based tactics and share best practices to raise overall healthcare quality in the Visakhapatnam area.
Monoclonal Antibody Delivery Using 3D Printed Biobased Hollow μNe3dle Arrays for the Treatment of Osteoporosis

Uddin MJ, Economidou SN, Guiraud L, Kazi M, Alanazi FK, Douroumis D

Mol Pharm, 2024 Sep 02;21(9):4465-4475.
PMID: 39110837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00379

Transdermal microneedles have demonstrated promising potential as an alternative to typical drug administration routes for the treatment of various diseases. As microneedles offer lower administration burden with enhanced patient adherence and reduced ecological footprint, there is a need for further exploitation of microneedle devices. One of the main objectives of this work was to initially develop an innovative biobased photocurable resin with high biobased carbon content comprising isobornyl acrylate (IBA) and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate blends (50:50 wt/wt). The optimization of the printing and curing process resulted in μNe3dle arrays with durable mechanical properties and piercing capacity. Another objective of the work was to employ the 3D printed hollow μNe3dles for the treatment of osteoporosis in vivo. The 3D printed μNe3dle arrays were used to administer denosumab (Dmab), a monoclonal antibody, to osteoporotic mice, and the serum concentrations of critical bone minerals were monitored for six months to assess recovery. It was found that the Dmab administered by the 3D printed μNe3dles showed fast in vitro rates and induced an enhanced therapeutic effect in restoring bone-related minerals compared to subcutaneous injections. The findings of this study introduce a novel green approach with a low ecological footprint for 3D printing of biobased μNe3dles, which can be tailored to improve clinical outcomes and patient compliance for chronic diseases.
Fulltext Norfloxacin Loaded Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for Oral Administration: Fabrication, Characterization, In Silico Modelling and Toxicity Evaluation

Khan MA, Khan S, Kazi M, Alshehri SM, Shahid M, Khan SU, et al.

Pharmaceutics, 2021 Oct 06;13(10).
PMID: 34683925 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101632

Norfloxacin (NOR), widely employed as an anti-bacterial drug, has poor oral bioavailability. Nano based drug delivery systems are widely used to overcome the existing oral bioavailability challenges. Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles (LPHNs) exhibit the distinctive advantages of both polymeric and liposomes nanoparticles, while excluding some of their disadvantages. In the current study, NOR loaded LPHNs were prepared, and were solid amorphous in nature, followed by in vitro and in vivo evaluation. The optimized process conditions resulted in LPHNs with the acceptable particle size 121.27 nm, Polydispersity Index (PDI) of 0.214 and zeta potential of -32 mv. The addition of a helper lipid, oleic acid, and polymers, ethyl cellulose, substantially increased the encapsulation efficiency (EE%) (65% to 97%). In vitro study showed a sustained drug release profile (75% within 12 h) for NOR LPHNs. The optimized NOR LPHNs showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) in bioavailability compared to the commercial product. From the acute toxicity study, the LD50 value was found to be greater than 1600 mg/kg. The molecular modelling studies substantiated the experimental results with the best combination of polymers and surfactants that produced highly stable LPHNs. Therefore, LPHNs proved to be a promising system for the delivery of NOR, as well as for other antibiotics and hydrophobic drugs.
Fulltext Growing crystals and studying structure and electronic properties of Cu2ZnGe(SхSe1-x)4 compositions

Bodnar IV, Khoroshko VV, Yashchuk VA, Gremenok VF, Kazi M, Khandaker MU, et al.

Heliyon, 2023 Nov;9(11):e22533.
PMID: 38074888 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22533

Single crystals of Cu2ZnGeSe4 and Cu2ZnGeS4 solid solutions were developed and successfully obtained using the chemical vapor transfer method, with iodine acting as a transporter. The structure, compositional dependences of lattice parameters, pycnometric and X-ray densities and microhardness were determined. The chemical composition determined by the X-ray microanalysis satisfactorily corresponds to the nominal one with a tolerance of ±5 %. The XRD analysis showed that all the obtained compounds and their solid solutions have unit cell described by tetragonal symmetry. The attice parameters were found to be а = 5.342 ± 0.005 Å, с = 10.51 ± 0.01 Å for the Сu2ZnGeS4 compound and а = 5.607 ± 0.005 Å, с = 11.04 ± 0.01 Å for the Cu2ZnGeSe4, respectively. Structural studies confirmed the validity of the Vegard's law in relation to the obtained samples. The pycnometric densities of ∼4.28 g/cm3 for the Cu2ZnGeS4 and ∼5.46 g/cm3 for the Cu2ZnGeSe4 were found to be slightly less than their X-ray densities of ∼4.32 g/cm3 and ∼5.52 g/cm3, respectively. The maximum microhardness of ∼398 kg/mm2 for these solid solutions corresponds to x = 0.60. The melt point of the solid solutions increases from ∼1180 °C for the Сu2ZnGeSe4 up to ∼1400 °C for the Сu2ZnGeS4. Based on X-ray fluorescence analysis and DTA data, the phase diagram of the Cu2ZnGeSe4-Cu2ZnGeS4 system was constructed. Analysis of the obtained diagram indicates its first type according to Rozbom's classification.
Fulltext Evolution of structural and electronic properties standardized description in rhenium disulfide at the bulk-monolayer transition

Baglov A, Khoroshko L, Zhoidzik A, Dong M, Weng Q, Kazi M, et al.

Heliyon, 2024 Apr 15;10(7):e28646.
PMID: 38586325 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28646

The structural and electronic properties of ReS2 different forms - three-dimensional bulk and two-dimensional monolayer - were studied within density functional theory and pseudopotentials. A method for standardizing the description of bulk unit cells and "artificial" slab unit cells for DFT research has been proposed. The preference of this method for studying zone dispersion has been shown. The influence of the vacuum layer thickness on specified special high-symmetry points is discussed. Electron band dispersion in both classical 3D Brillouin zones and transition to 2D Brillouin zones in the proposed two-dimensional approach using the Niggli form of the unit cell was compared. The proposed two-dimensional approach is preferable for low-symmetry layered crystals such as ReS2. It was established that the bulk ReS2 is a direct gap semiconductor (band gap of 1.20 eV), with the direct transition lying in the X point of the first Brillouin zone, and it is in good agreement with published experimental data. The reduction in material dimension from bulk to monolayer was conducted with an increasing band gap up to 1.45 eV, with a moving direct transition towards the Brillouin zone center. The monolayer of ReS2 is a direct-gap semiconductor in a wide range of temperatures, excluding only a narrow range at low temperatures, where it comes as a quasi-direct gap semiconductor. The transition, situated directly in the Γ-point, lies 3.3 meV below the first direct transition located near this point. The electronic density of states of ReS2 in the bulk and monolayer cases of ReS2 were analyzed. The molecular orbitals were built for both types of ReS2 structures as well as the electron difference density maps. For all types of ReS2 structures, an analysis of populations according to Mulliken and Voronoi was carried out. All calculated data is discussed in the context of weak quantum confinement in the 2D case.
Fulltext Assessment of coastal river water quality in Bangladesh: Implications for drinking and irrigation purposes

Uddin MR, Khandaker MU, Ahmed S, Abedin MJ, Hossain SMM, Al Mansur MA, et al.

PLoS One, 2024;19(4):e0300878.
PMID: 38635835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300878

Saltwater intrusion in the coastal areas of Bangladesh is a prevalent phenomenon. However, it is not conducive to activities such as irrigation, navigation, fish spawning and shelter, and industrial usage. The present study analyzed 45 water samples collected from 15 locations in coastal areas during three seasons: monsoon, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon. The aim was to comprehend the seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters, including water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, and concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, HCO3-, PO43-, SO42-, and Cl-. Additionally, parameters essential for agriculture, such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium absorption ratio (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly's ratio (KR), and permeability index (PI), were examined. Their respective values were found to be 63%, 16.83 mg/L, 34.92 mg/L, 145.44 mg/L, 1.28 mg/L, and 89.29%. The integrated water quality index was determined using entropy theory and principal component analysis (PCA). The resulting entropy water quality index (EWQI) and SAR of 49.56% and 63%, respectively, indicated that the samples are suitable for drinking but unsuitable for irrigation. These findings can assist policymakers in implementing the Bangladesh Deltaplan-2100, focusing on sustainable land management, fish cultivation, agricultural production, environmental preservation, water resource management, and environmental protection in the deltaic areas of Bangladesh. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of seasonal variations in the hydrochemistry and water quality of coastal rivers, aiding in the comprehension of salinity intrusion origins, mechanisms, and causes.