MyMedR

Fulltext Priority in special care nurseries in Malaysia

Lam KL

Med J Malaysia, 1983 Mar;38(1):1-3.

PMID: 6633326

Prevention of hospital infection

Lam KL

Med J Malaysia, 1978 Dec;33(2):133-6.

PMID: 755163

Fulltext Development of Chitosan Nanoparticles as a Stable Drug Delivery System for Protein/siRNA

Katas H, Raja MA, Lam KL

Int J Biomater, 2013;2013:146320.

PMID: 24194759 DOI: 10.1155/2013/146320

Chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) exhibit good physicochemical properties as drug delivery systems. The aim of this study is to determine the modulation of preparative parameters on the physical characteristics and colloidal stability of CS NPs. CS NPs were fabricated by ionic interaction with dextran sulphate (DS) prior to determination of their storage stability. The smallest CS NPs of 353 ± 23 nm with a surface charge of +56.2 ± 1.5 mV were produced when CS and DS were mixed at pH 4 and with a DS : CS mass ratio of 0.5 : 1. An entrapment efficiency of 98% was achieved when BSA/siRNA was loaded into the nanoparticles. The results also showed that particle size and surface charge of CS NPs were slightly changed up to 2 weeks when stored at 4°C. Greater particle size and surface charge were obtained with increasing the concentration of DS. In conclusion, NPs were sufficiently stable when kept at 4°C and able to carry and protect protein.

Effect of continued feeding of cows' milk on asymptomatic infants with milk protein sensitive enteropathy

Iyngkaran N, Yadav M, Boey CG, Lam KL

Arch Dis Child, 1988 Aug;63(8):911-5.

PMID: 3415326

The clinical response and the histological changes in the mucosa of the small bowel in response to continued feeding with cows' milk protein were assessed over a period of 2-6 weeks in 24 infants who had shown histological changes without immediate clinical symptoms after challenge with a diet containing cows' milk protein. Twenty of the 24 infants (83%) thrived well on cows' milk protein. Jejunal biopsy specimens taken six to eight weeks after the initial biopsy showed histological improvement in all 20 infants compared with biopsy specimens taken soon after the challenge, which had shown mucosal damage. The mucosa had returned to normal in 12, was mildly abnormal in seven, and moderately abnormal in one. Corresponding improvements in the activities of mucosal enzymes were seen. In four of the 24 infants (17%) symptoms developed between three and six weeks. Histological examination of the jejunal biopsy specimens showed that mucosal damage had progressed in two, and remained the same in two; moreover, the disaccharidase activities remained depressed. The present study shows that most infants with enteropathy caused by sensitivity to cows' milk protein but without clinical symptoms develop tolerance to the protein and the mucosa returns to normal despite continued feeding with cows' milk protein.

Fulltext Viral agents of acute respiratory infections in young children in Kuala Lumpur

Ong SB, Lam KL, Lam SK

Bull World Health Organ, 1982;60(1):137-40.

PMID: 6282479

The results of this study indicate that the important viral agents associated with lower respiratory tract infections in young children are respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and parainfluenza virus, particularly in those under 2 years of age. This is in close agreement with studies done in temperate climates. Influenza A virus is seasonal and plays an important role in upper respiratory tract infections in older children.
Study site: Inpatients and outpatients, University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The management of neonatal tetanus

Lee EL, Khoo BH, Lam KL

Med J Malaysia, 1978 Mar;32(3):220-4.

PMID: 683047

Accidental vaccinia infection - a case report

Lam KL, How VJ, Lam SK

Med J Malaysia, 1975 Mar;30(3):227-30.

PMID: 1160684

Fulltext Latex C-serum from Hevea brasiliensis induces non-apoptotic cell death in hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2)

Lam KL, Yang KL, Sunderasan E, Ong MT

Cell Prolif, 2012 Dec;45(6):577-85.

PMID: 23046445 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00841.x

OBJECTIVES: Latex from Hevea brasiliensis (natural rubber tree primarily cultivated for its rubber particles) has no known primary metabolic function, although its biological role is as a plant defence system. The present study has evaluated specific anti-proliferative effects of latex whole C-serum and its subfractions, on human cancer cell lines.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cell viability assay using MTT, DNA fragmentation assay and real-time PCR were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of latex whole C-serum and its subfractions on the cell lines.

RESULTS: MTT assay revealed very low LC(50) values, 2.0 and 280 ng/ml, for DCS and DCP treatments, respectively. DCS was proven to be more potent compared to DCP, in conferring specific anti-proliferative effects on the cancer cell lines. The study also indicated that anti-proliferative activity of pre-heated C-serum fractions diminished significantly.

CONCLUSION: Although noteworthy cell death was reported, DNA fragmentation assay and real-time PCR confirmed that that induced by latex C-serum subfractions was not promoted via the classical apoptotic signalling pathway.

Severity and extent of upper small bowel mucosal damage in cow's milk protein-sensitive enteropathy

Iyngkaran N, Yadav M, Boey CG, Lam KL

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1988 Sep-Oct;7(5):667-74.

PMID: 3183870

A series of 31 infants, 28 with cow's milk protein sensitive enteropathy (CMPSE) and 3 controls, was studied for severity and extent of mucosal damage of the upper small bowel in relation to the development of clinical symptoms. Following challenge with the offending cow's milk, 18 infants (Group 1) developed severe mucosal changes at both the proximal and distal small bowel mucosa and all of these infants presented with clinical symptoms. The other 10 infants (Group 2) who did not develop clinical symptoms following the challenge had less severe damage to the distal small bowel mucosa as compared to the proximal region. The histological score of both the proximal and distal postchallenge biopsies were significantly lower in Group 2 as compared to Group 1 infants. The mucosal disaccharidase and alkaline phosphatase levels were depleted in both the proximal and distal biopsies following challenge but the depletion was greater in the proximal than the distal biopsies. It is suggested that the extent and severity of mucosal damage to the proximal duodenum and jejunum have a critical bearing on the development of clinical symptoms.

Fulltext Respiratory virus disease in Malaysian children: a serological study

Ong SB, Lam KL, Lam SK

Bull World Health Organ, 1975;52(3):376-8.

PMID: 1084808

Paired sera from 101 Malaysian children aged up to 10 years and suffering from respiratory illnesses were examined serologically for evidence of respiratory viral infections. Of these children, 32.6% showed rising antibody titres for one or more of the test agents. Respiratory syncytial virus appeared to be the main respiratory pathogen involved, followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, and influenza A virus. These findings are generally similar to those reported by others in temperate and tropical countries.

Fulltext Lupus nephritis in childhood

Peh SC, Looi LM, Lam KL, Teh BH

Malays J Pathol, 1987 Aug;9:73-8.

PMID: 3452712

In the 12-year period between 1974 and 1985, 19 children aged between 8 and 12 years with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were seen in the Department of Paediatrics, University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur. A preponderance of females (M:F = 1:2.8) and ethnic Chinese was evident. Renal biopsies revealed a wide Iange of renal morphology, including minimal change glomerulonephritis, focal proliferative glomerulonephritis, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis with varying degrees of severity and membranous glomerulonephritis. The majority (15) of patients had clinical SLE at the time of renal biopsy, of whom 4 were also grossly nephrotic. In the remaining 4 patients a diagnosis of SLE was made after further investigation for nephrotic syndrome (2) and acute nephritis (2). The pattern of renal pathology in childhood lupus nephritis appears not to differ significantly from adults.
Key words: Systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis

Testicular relapse in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in Malaysia, 1967-82

Lin HP, Taib NM, Singh P, Sinniah D, Lam KL

Aust Paediatr J, 1984 Mar;20(1):53-6.

PMID: 6590027

From 1967-82, 9 children with testicular relapse (TR) of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) were diagnosed out of 99 boys treated, an incidence of 9.1%. The median time from the onset of ALL until diagnosis was 28 months (range 3-41 months). All were asymptomatic; six were detected on routine examination while three were diagnosed only on biopsy. Routine biopsy prior to stopping chemotherapy is useful in detecting occult TR. Biopsies should be done on both the testes regardless of the clinical findings. The age, leucocyte count and hepatosplenomegaly at diagnosis of ALL were not found to be significant factors in influencing relapse. Eight children were in bone marrow remission at the time of TR, but three had preceding or concurrent meningeal leukaemia while in the other five the testis was the first and only site of relapse. Radiotherapy was effective in local disease control but failed to prevent bone marrow relapse in all except two patients despite continuation of chemotherapy. The median time from onset of TR until bone marrow relapse was 7 months (range 3-13 months) and the median time until death, was 11 months (range 6-18 months). The frequency of testicular relapse may be related to the intensity of either the initial induction therapy or the consolidation chemotherapy. Further studies are required to determine whether the incidence of testicular relapse will decline with more intensive early treatment.

The pathology of the nephrotic syndrome in Malaysians

Prathap K, Looi LM, Lam KL, Wang F, Chua CT

Malays J Pathol, 1983 Aug;6:39-49.

PMID: 6599867

Causative effect of cow's milk protein and soy protein on progressive small bowel mucosal damage

Iyngkaran N, Yadav M, Boey CG, Kamath KR, Lam KL

J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 1989 3 1;4(2):127-36.

PMID: 2490907

Some infants intolerant to cow's milk protein (CMP) are often also intolerant to other food proteins including soy protein (SP). The effect of CMP and SP in infants recovering from diarrhoeal disease was studied in 22 infants who were maintained on an hypo-allergenic formula for 4-6 weeks. The infants were then challenged successively, initially with SP, followed 24 h later with CMP and then rechallenged with SP 24 h after CMP provocation. Three groups were recognized on the basis of clinical symptoms and mucosal changes following SP challenge. Group 1 comprised four infants who developed clinical and histological reactions on SP challenge. The subsequent CMP challenge, 24 h after the initial SP challenge, resulted in clinical symptoms in three of the four infants, and they developed increased mucosal injury. Rechallenge with SP in the three infants caused development of severe clinical symptoms. Group 2 comprised 12 infants who developed histological reaction but had no clinical symptoms to initial SP challenge. The subsequent CMP challenge caused further progression in mucosal pathology in 11 of the 12 infants and six also had associated clinical symptoms. Rechallenge with SP in the latter six infants resulted in development of clinical symptoms in three and tolerance to SP in three infants. Group 3 comprised six infants who tolerated SP and CMP but one of these infants developed mild histological changes to CMP. The progression of mucosal injury following SP and CMP challenge was associated with a significant decrease in mucosal disaccharidases, alkaline phosphatase levels and presence of reducing sugar in the stools. The 1 h blood xylose level continued to decrease significantly following the pre-SP, post-SP, and post-CMP challenge. It appears that the small bowel mucosa of young infants recovering from diarrhoeal disease remains sensitive not only to CMP but also to SP. The feeding of these proteins in rapid successive sequence to infants with mucosal damage might result in further progression of the mucosal injury. Thus, the exclusion for a variable period of time of antigenic food proteins like CMP and SP from the diet of young infants recovering from diarrhoea might reduce the risk of inducing mucosal sensitivity to these proteins in susceptible infants.

Mesangial IGM in minimal change glomerular disease: a clinicopathological study in a Malaysian population

Looi LM, Wang F, Lam KL, Chua CT

Pathology, 1985 Jan;17(1):41-4.

PMID: 3889788

During a 6 yr period, 105 (69%) of 153 patients in whom a histological diagnosis of minimal change glomerular disease was made had renal biopsy tissue suitable for immunofluorescence examination. Thirty seven (35%) patients showed glomerular mesangial deposits of IgM. All the patients presented with the nephrotic syndrome. We found no significant difference in age and sex prevalence, presentation, response to therapy and glomerular morphology between IgM positive and IgM negative groups. This study suggests that there is no necessity to categorize IgM positive minimal change glomerular disease as a separate entity.

Metabolic acidosis and renal solute load in relation to the protein intake of low birth weight Malaysian neonates

Johnson RO, Johnson BH, Raman A, Lee EL, Lam KL

Aust Paediatr J, 1979 Jun;15(2):101-6.

PMID: 485988

Group B streptococcal infection in the newborn

Kwan PW, Khoo BH, Lam KL, Puthucheary SD

Med J Malaysia, 1979 Sep;34(1):71-5.

PMID: 396463

Fulltext Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus--first case of bacteremia in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur

Puthucheary SD, Lim CT, Parasakthi N, Tan A, Lam KL

Singapore Med J, 1987 Oct;28(5):456-8.

PMID: 3433116

Anti-fungal effect of Hevea brasiliensis latex C-serum on Aspergillus niger

Daruliza KM, Lam KL, Yang KL, Priscilla JT, Sunderasan E, Ong MT

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Sep;15(9):1027-33.

PMID: 22013725

Hevea brasiliensis extract could potentially be employed as a relatively low cost resource for various anti-fungal activities due to the simplicity of latex preparation and the abundance of latex that can be obtained in rubber producing regions. The present study was aimed at examining the species specific anti-fungal property of H. brasilensis latex C-serum against Aspergillus niger.

Anti-Candida albicans activity and brine shrimp lethality test of Hevea brasiliensis latex B-serum

Daruliza KM, Yang KL, Lam KL, Priscilla JT, Sunderasan E, Ong MT

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2011 Oct;15(10):1163-71.

PMID: 22165677

Hevea brasiliensis extracts could potentially be employed as a relatively low cost resource for various anti-fungal activities due to the simplicity of the extract preparation and its abundance especially in the tropical region. Latex B-serum was reported to have anti-cancer property and its specificity in anti-fungal property has not been elucidated. The present study was conducted to determine the anti-fungal activity of Hevea latex B-serum against Candida (C.) albicans (a rounded cell fungus) and Aspergillus (A.) niger (a filamentous fungus).

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