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Fulltext Some characteristics and functional properties of Chunma (Gastrodia Elata) as a food supplement: A short review

Jaswir, I., Octavianti, F., Lestari, W., Hendri, R., Ahmad, H.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
MyJurnal

Gastrodin elata blume (Tianma in Chinese, Chunma in Korean) is a perennial parasitic herbaceous plant native to Korea, Japan and China (Chae et al., 2008). The plant has recently received very good attention, especially in Korea, due to its excellent health-promoting properties. This plant is reported to have excellent antioxidant, anticancer and anti-inflammatory properties. This paper briefly reviews some characteristics and functional properties of Chunma.
Fulltext Optimization of extraction process of plant-based gelatin replacer

Jaswir, I., Alotaibi, A., Jamal, P., Octavianti, F., Lestari, W., Hendri, R., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2016;23(6):2519-2524.
MyJurnal

Gelatin is one of the most widely used food ingredients, with wide applications in the food
industry. It was reported that 41% of the gelatin produced in the world is sourced from pig
skin, 28.5% from bovine hides and 29.5% from bovine bones. However, factors such as the
outbreak of BSE (a.k.a. mad cow disease) and increasing demand for non-mammalian gelatin
for halal and kosher food markets have revived interest in gelatin replacers from plant sources.
In this study, we have successfully extracted valuable pectin—as gelatin replacer--from various
types of plant wastes. Pectin is a high value functional food ingredient widely used as a gelling
agent and stabilizer. It is also an abundant, ubiquitous and multifunctional component of the
cell walls of all land plants. Mango peel was screened as the ideal source for high-yield (36.6%)
pectin of satisfactory quality. The results indicate that citric acid was the best solution for
recovery of pectin from mango peels. An extraction temperature of 90°C and pH 2 provided
the optimum conditions for maximum yield of pectin. The resulting crude mango peel pectin
(CMPP) was analyzed for physicochemical parameters. The results indicated values for ash
content (0.0412%), moisture content (0.303%), viscosity (45.18%), galacturonic acid content
(36.8-37.2-40%) and degree of esterification (38.3-41%). Following analysis of its gelling
properties and sensory evaluation, CMPP has good potential to be applied in the food industry
as a low-methoxyl pectin and a cheap source of gelatin replacer for jam preparations.
Fulltext Optimization of essential oil and Fucoxanthin extraction from Sargassum Binderi by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction with Ethanol as co-solvent using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Jaswir, I., Noviendri, D., Salleh, H.M., Taher, M., Mohamed, F., Octavianti, F., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):514-521.
MyJurnal

Supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction of fucoxanthin is more advantageous over conventional solvent extraction as it is less toxic, less hazardous to the environment and preserves the bioactivity of fucoxanthin. A face-centered central composite design (FCCCD) based on response surface methodology (RSM) was employed for SC-CO2 extraction of oils and fucoxanthin from the brown seaweed Sargassum binderi, with ethanol as a co- solvent. Three independent parameters namely, extraction temperature (A: 40, 50, 60oC), pressure (B: 2900, 3625, 4350 psig and particle size (C: 90, 500 and 1000 µm) were investigated to optimize extraction oil yields (EOY) and fucoxanthin yields (FY). A regression model was developed, tested for quality of fit (R2) and expressed in the form of 3D response surface curve and 2D contour. The optimum extraction conditions were obtained at extraction temperature (A) 50oC, pressure (B) 3625 psig and particle size (C) 500 µm. Under these conditions, optimal EOY and FY were 10.04 mg/g and 3188.99 µg/g, respectively. The difference between the lowest and the highest response in EOY and FY were 5.44 – 10.04 mg/g and 2109.10 - 3188.90 µg/g, respectively. The lowest yields were identified at 60oC, 2900 psig and 1000 µm. The regression models generated showing interactions between the variables and EOY and FY response were significant as tested by ANOVA (p < 0.0005 and p < 0.0007, respectively) with high R2 values (0.9848 and 0.9829, respectively). Interactions between the parameters had a strong synergistic effect on EOY and FY values, as indicated by the 3D response surface curve and 2D contour. The experimental results matched the predicted results closely. This indicated the suitability of the models developed and the success of FCCCD under RSM in optimizing the S. binderi extraction conditions.
The Relationship Between Physical Activity Level and Dysmenorrhoea in Young Women

Wildayani D, Lestari W, Ningsih WL, Sujendri S

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Jul;78(4):495-499.
PMID: 37518919

INTRODUCTION: Menstrual disorders that often occur are menstrual pain (dysmenorrhoea), especially in adolescence. The average incidence of dysmenorrhoea in young women is between 16.8 and 81% worldwide. Physical activity is one of the relaxation techniques that can be used to reduce dysmenorrhoea. The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between Physical Activity level and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in young women at SMP Negeri 16 Padang.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research used observational analytic methods with cross-sectional design. The sample in this study was young women (9th class students), totaling 39 people. This study used the IPAQ Questionnaire Sheet and pain scale rate to confirm dysmenorrhoea. Analysis of this study used chi square.
RESULTS: We found that most respondents (61.5%) had dysmenorrhoea, and more than half of respondents (61.5%) rarely did Physical Activity. Bivariate test results found that there is a relationship between Physical Activity level and dysmenorrhoea (p value = 0.044, α = 0.05, df = 3). From the analysis results, the value of OR = 4.500 was also obtained, meaning that respondents who did not exercise regularly had a 4.5 times chance of experiencing dysmenorrhea compared to respondents who did regular exercise.
CONCLUSION: Respondents who rarely do physical activity often experience dysmenorrhoea. Therefore, good education is needed for young women, which is one of the things that can be done to prevent and reduce the event of dysmenorrhoea is to exercise regularly.
Fulltext A review on non-syndromic tooth agenesis associated with PAX9 mutations

Fauzi NH, Ardini YD, Zainuddin Z, Lestari W

Jpn Dent Sci Rev, 2018 Feb;54(1):30-36.
PMID: 29628999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2017.08.001

Tooth agenesis in the reduction of tooth number which includes hypodontia, oligodontia and anodontia is caused by disturbances and gene mutations that occur during odontogenesis. To date, several genetic mutations that unlock the causes of non-syndromic tooth agenesis are being discovered; these have been associated with certain illnesses because tooth development involves the interaction of several genes for tooth epithelium and mesenchyme odontogenesis. Mutation of candidate genes PAX9 and MSX1 have been identified as the main causes of hypodontia and oligodontia; meanwhile, AXIN2 mutation is associated with anodontia. Previous study using animal models reported that PAX9-deficient knockout mice exhibit missing molars due to an arrest of tooth development at the bud stage. PAX9 frameshift, missense and nonsense mutations are reported to be responsible; however, the most severe condition showed by the phenotype is caused by haploinsufficiency. This suggests that PAX9 is dosage-sensitive. Understanding the mechanism of genetic mutations will benefit clinicians and human geneticists in future alternative treatment investigations.
Critical role of ARID3B in the expression of pro-apoptotic p53-target genes and apoptosis

Pratama E, Tian X, Lestari W, Iseki S, Ichwan SJ, Ikeda MA

Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2015 Dec;468(1-2):248-54.
PMID: 26519881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.10.121

ARID3A and ARID3B are transcriptional targets of p53. Recently, it has been reported that ARID3A plays a critical role in the transcriptional activation of pro-arrest p21 in response to DNA damage. However, the role of ARID3B in the p53 regulatory pathway remains poorly understood. Here we show that ARID3A and ARID3B specifically bind to putative ARID3-binding sites in p53 target genes in vitro and in vivo. ARID3B and, to a lesser extent, ARID3A silencing blocked transcriptional activation of pro-apoptotic p53 target genes, such as PUMA, PIG3, and p53. Furthermore, ectopic ARID3B, to a lesser extent, ARID3A expression activated the pro-apoptotic gene expression, and only ARID3B induced apoptosis. Finally, ARID3B but not ARID3A silencing blocked apoptosis induction following DNA damage. These results indicated that, although ARID3B and ARID3A share overlapping functions, ARID3B play a key role in the expression of pro-apoptotic p53-target genes and apoptosis.
Fulltext A glimpse on the function of chitosan as a dental hemostatic agent

Lestari W, Yusry WNAW, Haris MS, Jaswir I, Idrus E

Jpn Dent Sci Rev, 2020 Nov;56(1):147-154.
PMID: 33204370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2020.09.001

Managing a bleeding patient can be a challenge during dental surgery. Profuse hemorrhage due to platelet defects, coagulation disorders, vascular anomalies, medication-induced patients, as well as inherited bleeding ailments result in soft tissue hematoma, septic shock, compromised airway, and in some severe cases, death could occur. A vast array of surgical hemostatic agents are available to stop bleeding, including chitosan-based hemostatic agents. Chitosan has an advantage over other topical hemostatic materials for its ability to promote shorter bleeding times and assist in healing. Massive behind-the-scene research and development efforts are ongoing to increase the performance of chitosan as a hemostatic agent. Numerous studies on chitosan use in dental hemostasis have registered it as being safe, biodegradable, biocompatible, promoting healing, antimicrobial and bioactive. This article reviews the application of chitosan in managing hemostasis in dental patients.
Fulltext Gelatin-based hemostatic agents for medical and dental application at a glance: A narrative literature review

Irfan NI, Mohd Zubir AZ, Suwandi A, Haris MS, Jaswir I, Lestari W

Saudi Dent J, 2022 Dec;34(8):699-707.
PMID: 36570577 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2022.11.007

Uncontrolled bleeding is linked to higher treatment costs, risk of post-surgical infection and increased disease and death. Hemostatic agents are used to treat excessive bleeding. A good hemostatic agent controls bleeding effectively, reduces the need for blood transfusion, removes the need for systemic drugs to control bleeding, results in shorter surgery time, and reduces the cost and length of hospital stay of the patient. Gelatin-based hemostatic agents have been widely used in medical and dental procedures, owing to their biodegradability and biocompatibility, as well as availability and low cost of raw materials. In this narrative literature review, we discuss the background and different types of gelatin-based hemostatic agents in medical and dental procedures, the comparison of gelatin-based and non-gelatin-based hemostatic agents, and the usage and development of enhanced or novel gelatin-based hemostatic agents. Gelatin-based hemostatic agents are effective and important part of bleeding control, as evidenced by its wide application in medicine and dentistry. The development of novel combination gelatin-based hemostatic agents has much potential for effective control of excessive bleeding.
Fulltext Knowledge, Perceived Risk, and Preventive Behaviors amidst Covid-19 Pandemic among Dental Students in Malaysia

Ismail A, Ismail NH, Abu Kassim NYM, Lestari W, Ismail AF, Sukotjo C

Dent J (Basel), 2021 Dec 14;9(12).
PMID: 34940048 DOI: 10.3390/dj9120151

PURPOSE: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has affected dental education in Malaysia. However, studies on dental students' knowledge, perception, and behaviors with regards to COVID-19 are very limited. Thus, this study aims to determine the knowledge status, perceived risk, and preventive behaviors of dental students in Malaysia regarding COVID-19.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among students from 13 dental schools across Malaysia using online questionnaires.
RESULTS: From 355 respondents, 93.5% obtained a high score of knowledge of COVID-19. Female respondents scored higher than males in perceived risks and preventive behaviors. Chinese respondents scored highest in knowledge, while Malay respondents had the highest perceived risk score. The mean preventive behavior score did not vary across ethnicity. On-campus students scored higher in knowledge and perceived risk whereas off-campus students practiced more preventive behaviors. Clinical students' knowledge score was higher than preclinical students. Final year students scored higher in knowledge and perceived risk compared to their juniors.
CONCLUSION: The majority of dental students have good knowledge and a high perceived risk of COVID-19, and they practiced most of the preventive behaviors. However, the latest information on this disease should be incorporated into dental schools' curriculums and updated periodically.
Fabrication of Fucoxanthin-Loaded Microsphere(F-LM) By Two Steps Double-Emulsion Solvent Evaporation Method and Characterization of Fucoxanthin before and after Microencapsulation

Noviendri D, Jaswir I, Taher M, Mohamed F, Salleh HM, Noorbatcha IA, et al.

J Oleo Sci, 2016 Jul 15.
PMID: 27430384

Microencapsulation is a promising approach in drug delivery to protect the drug from degradation and allow controlled release of the drug in the body. Fucoxanthin-loaded microsphere (F-LM) was fabricated by two step w/o/w double emulsion solvent evaporation method with poly (L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) as carrier. The effect of four types of surfactants (PVA, Tween-20, Span-20 and SDS), homogenization speed, and concentration of PLGA polymer and surfactant (PVA), respectively, on particle size and morphology of F-LM were investigated. Among the surfactants tested, PVA showed the best results with smallest particle size (9.18 µm) and a smooth spherical surface. Increasing the homogenization speed resulted in a smaller mean F-LM particle size [d(0.50)] from 17.12 to 9.18 µm. Best particle size results and good morphology were attained at homogenization speed of 20 500 rpm. Meanwhile, increased PLGA concentration from 1.5 to 11.0 (% w/v) resulted in increased F-LM particle size. The mean particle size [d(0.5)] of F-LM increased from 3.93 to 11.88 µm. At 6.0 (% w/v) PLGA, F-LM showed the best structure and external morphology. Finally, increasing PVA concentration from 0.5 to 3.5 (% w/v) resulted in decreased particle size from 9.18 to 4.86 µm. Fucoxanthin characterization before and after microencapsulation was carried out to assess the success of the microencapsulation procedure. Thermo gravimetry analysis (TGA), glass transition (Tg) temperature of F-LM and fucoxanthin measured using DSC, ATR-FTIR and XRD indicated that fucoxanthin was successfully encapsulated into the PLGA matrix, while maintaining the structural and chemical integrity of fucoxanthin.
Fulltext LC-MS/MS-QTOF dataset of compounds detected in kelulut honey of the stingless bees, Heterotrigona itama and Tetrigona binghami from Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Ismail CMKH, Khong NMH, Ahmad A, Mokhtar KI, Lestari W, Mustafa Alahmad BE, et al.

Data Brief, 2023 Aug;49:109409.
PMID: 37520655 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109409

Honey is a sustainable nutritious substance which has been incorporated into the human diet since ancient times for its health and remedial benefits. Stingless bee honey or kelulut honey (KH) is well-known in Malaysia and has received high demand in the market due to its distinctive unique flavour. Its composition, colour, and flavour are majorly affected by the geographical location, floral source, climate, as well as the bee species. This data article presents the nontargeted metabolite profiling of the extracts of KH of Heterotrigona itama and Tetrigona binghami bee species. The KH was collected from three nests in Kuantan, Pahang, which is situated in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The extracts were prepared using sugaring-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SULLE) method and the Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight, operated in the negative ion mode, was used to identify compounds in the extracts. The data processing revealed the presence of 35 known compounds in the KH1 extract by Heterotrigona itama collected from Bukit Kuin, 38 compounds in the KH2 extract by H. itama collected from Indera Mahkota, whilst 50 known compounds were present in KH3 extract by Tetrigona binghami species from Indera Mahkota. This data article contains the m/z values, retention times, and the METLIN database search hit identities of the compounds and their respective classes.
The utility of salivary CRP and IL-6 as a non-invasive measurement evaluated in patients with COVID-19 with and without diabetes

Bachtiar E, Bachtiar BM, Kusumaningrum A, Sunarto H, Soeroso Y, Sulijaya B, et al.

F1000Res, 2023;12:419.
PMID: 38269064 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.130995.3

BACKGROUND: The available evidence suggests that inflammatory responses, in both systemic and oral tissue, contribute to the pathology of COVID-19 disease. Hence, studies of inflammation biomarkers in oral fluids, such as saliva, might be useful to better specify COVID-19 features.
METHODS: In the current study, we performed quantitative real-time PCR to measure salivary levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in saliva obtained from patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19, in a diabetic group (DG; n = 10) and a non-diabetic group (NDG; n = 13). All participants were diagnosed with periodontitis, while six participants with periodontitis but not diagnosed with COVID-19 were included as controls.
RESULTS: We found increases in salivary total protein levels in both the DG and NDG compared to control patients. In both groups, salivary CRP and IL-6 levels were comparable. Additionally, the levels of salivary CRP were significantly correlated with total proteins, in which a strong and moderate positive correlation was found between DG and NDG, respectively. A linear positive correlation was also noted in the relationship between salivary IL-6 level and total proteins, but the correlation was not significant. Interestingly, the association between salivary CRP and IL-6 levels was positive. However, a moderately significant correlation was only found in COVID-19 patients with diabetes, through which the association was validated by a receiver operating curve.
CONCLUSIONS: These finding suggest that salivary CRP and IL-6 are particularly relevant as potential non-invasive biomarker for predicting diabetes risk in mild cases of COVID-19 accompanied with periodontitis.
An ensemble docking-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation of phytochemical compounds from Malaysian Kelulut Honey (KH) against SARS-CoV-2 target enzyme, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2)

Ismail CMKH, Abdul Hamid AA, Abdul Rashid NN, Lestari W, Mokhtar KI, Mustafa Alahmad BE, et al.

J Biomol Struct Dyn, 2024 Jan 27.
PMID: 38279932 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2308762

The human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) receptor is a metalloenzyme that plays an important role in regulating blood pressure by modulating angiotensin II. This receptor facilitates SARS-CoV-2 entry into human cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis, causing the global COVID-19 pandemic and a major health crisis. Kelulut honey (KH), one of Malaysian honey recently gained attention for its distinct flavour and taste while having many nutritional and medicinal properties. Recent study demonstrates the antiviral potential of KH against SARS-CoV-2 by inhibiting ACE-2 in vitro, but the bioactive compound pertaining to the ACE-2 inhibition is yet unknown. An ensemble docking-based virtual screening was employed to screen the phytochemical compounds from KH with high binding affinity against the 10 best representative structures of ACE-2 that mostly formed from MD simulation. From 110 phytochemicals previously identified in KH, 27 compounds passed the ADMET analysis and proceeded to docking. Among the docked compound, SDC and FMN consistently exhibited strong binding to ACE-2's active site (-9.719 and -9.473 kcal/mol) and allosteric site (-7.305 and -7.464 kcal/mol) as compared to potent ACE-2 inhibitor, MLN 4760. Detailed trajectory analysis of MD simulation showed stable binding interaction towards active and allosteric sites of ACE-2. KH's compounds show promise in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 binding to ACE-2 receptors, indicating potential for preventive use or as a supplement to other COVID-19 treatments. Additional research is needed to confirm KH's antiviral effects and its role in SARS-CoV-2 therapy, including prophylaxis and adjuvant treatment with vaccination.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.

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