Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 25 in total

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  1. Radzi, Z., Yahya, N.A.
    Ann Dent, 2005;12(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Breast-feeding offers many benefits to the baby and the mother. For instance, breast milk provides the right balance of nutrients to help an infant grow into a strong and healthy toddler. Even though breastfeeding is a natural process, it is not always easy. In certain situations, some mothers are unable to breastfeed their babies or the babies are unable to adapt to breastfeeding. This will lead to the use of bottle-feeding. The effect of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding on physical growth has been well established but less has been concentrated on the craniofacial growth and dental development. This review reveals the effects of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding on craniofacial growth and dentoalveolar development based on the available literature.
  2. Yahya, A.N., Radzi, Z., Yusof, Z.Y.M.
    Malaysian Dental Journal, 2007;28(1):34-37.
    MyJurnal
    This clinical case report describes an aspect of restorative management of worn teeth. It illustrates the use of diagnostic overlay removable partial denture or DORPD, which has the same function as occlusal splint but with advantages of providing immediate aesthetic improvement and function.
  3. Radzi, Z., Yahya, N.A., Zamzam, N., Spencer, R.J.
    Ann Dent, 2004;11(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Missing teeth can be due to hypodontia, trauma or extraction. In general, the options for treatment depend on the severity of the hypodontia and the severity of the malocclusion. Occasionally, the space from missing teeth has to be maintained for prosthetic replacement and require an orthodontic/restorative approach. It is very important to ensure the space maintained is adequate for aesthetic reason so that it can be replaced with a prosthesis after the orthodontic treatment is completed. This article discusses a new innovation and clinical technique for maintaining this space during orthodontic treatment by using an acrylic tooth with several modifications. This innovation will be illustrated using two cases.
  4. Radzi, Z., Yahya, N.A., Zamzam, N., Wood, D.J.
    Ann Dent, 2004;11(1):-.
    MyJurnal
    Choosing the right light-curing unit can be a very difficult task for some orthodontists. Currently, there are various types of light curing units available in the market with various trade names and specifications. Most of the time information regarding light curing units is obtained from advertisements, websites or manufacturers’ catalogues. Sometimes such information can be misleading. This article attempts to provide several tips for orthodontists in selecting light curing units.
  5. Chang, S.V., Ooi, X.D., Ismail, S.M., Rahman, M.T., Radzi, Z.
    Ann Dent, 2017;24(2):9-15.
    MyJurnal
    The information of biomechanical properties is crucial in the study of biological tissue and its clinical relevance. 3mm x 3mm free gingival human tissues was taken using disposable punch biopsy (Accu sharp blade, India) and stored in 0°C Freezer. The sample was sectioned to a thickness of 10μm using high profile microtome blade (Leica 818, Germany) and cryostat (Leica CM1850UV, United Kingdom). The sample was analysed using Atomic Force Microscope (Nanowizard® 3, JPK Instruments, Germany) at room atmosphere. The collagen fibrils of the free gingival tissues appeared to be stacked in basket weave like structure. The mean value of free gingival collagen fibrils width and the length of D-band were 106.71±11.18nm and 65.82 ± 3.04nm respectively. The Young’s modulus of collagen fibrils for human free gingival tissue at overlap region was 212.88 ± 242.58 MPa, whereas at the gap region was 207.00 ± 230.71 MPa. Within the limitation of the study, the collagen fibrils appeared to be stacked in basket weavelike structure. The length and width of the collagen fibril were similar to the values investigated using other techniques. There was significant linear relationship between Young’s modulus of overlap and gap regions.
  6. Tang, Y.C., Peh, X.L., Zakaria, N.N., Radzi, Z.
    Ann Dent, 2016;23(1):1-12.
    MyJurnal
    The study aimed to compare mechanical properties and surface characteristics of initial and working
    aesthetic archwires with their conventional counterparts. High Aesthetic Sentalloy (full rhodium coating
    nickel-titanium; Dentsply GAC) represented the initial aesthetic archwires; and FLI TRU-CHROME
    (labial PTFE-coated stainless steel; RMO) as the working aesthetic archwires; together with their
    conventional counterparts were analysed. A three point bending test was conducted using a universal
    testing machine (AGS-X SERIES, Shimadzu, Japan) to determine the load-deflection characteristics of
    archwires. Surface hardness was evaluated by Vickers microhardness test (HMV-FA, Shimadzu, Japan).
    A 3D Optical Surface Texture Analyzer (ALICONA, InfiniteFocus Real3D, Belgium) and a Field Emission
    Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM, FEI Quanta 250, USA) were used for surface evaluation.
    Results showed that load-deflection characteristics of High Aesthetic Sentalloy archwires did not differ
    from its control, whereas FLI TRU-CHROME archwires exhibited higher loading and unloading forces
    than its counterpart. No statistically significant difference in surface hardness was found between FLI
    TRU-CHROME and its control archwires. The coating surfaces of both aesthetic archwires were rougher
    than the non-coated conventional archwires, with similar roughness between non-coated surface of FLI
    TRU-CHROME archwires and its counterpart. FLI TRU-CHROME archwires showed a distinct coating
    thickness but coating layer is undefined in High Aesthetic Sentalloy archwires. In conclusion, the aesthetic
    rhodium coated nickel titanium archwire has similar mechanical properties as control nickel titanium
    archwire without being adversely affected by the addition of the coating layer. The aesthetic coated PTFE
    stainless steel archwire has higher load response which could be an advantage as rigid wire in working
    stage of orthodontic treatment. Based on their performance, their use could be recommended in cases
    where aesthetic aspect is crucial and where the friction aspect is not critical as their surface roughness
    values increased.
  7. Radzi, Z., Yahya, N.A., Kasim, N.H.A., Ismail, N.H., Ismail, N.A., Zamzam, N
    Ann Dent, 2006;13(1):18-23.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Owing to the variety of materials and methods employed, comparison of the results and findings from bonding studies is difficult. Until recently, several types of teeth have been used in published research papers as a substrate in orthodontic bonding research including bovine incisors, fresh and rebonded human premolars. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the shear bond strength of an adhesive bonded to different tooth surfaces (human premolar, bovine incisor and rebonded human premolar). Methods: Two groups of thirty premolar teeth and one group of bovine incisors had brackets attached in a standardized manner using Transbond XT (3M Unitek). The adhesive was cured using conventional halogen light and a specially designed tool to standardize the distance between the light curing tip and the adhesive. The debonding force was measured using Instron universal testing machine. ANOVA and Post Hoc Dunnett C test were performed to determine any significant difference among groups (p
  8. Yahya, N.A., Lui, J.L., Chong, K.W.A., Abu Kasim, N.H., Radzi, Z., Lim, C.M.
    Ann Dent, 2008;15(1):11-19.
    MyJurnal
    The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various luting cement systems on bond strength of fibre-reinforced posts to root canal dentine. 40 extracted single rooted sound premolar teeth were root filled, decoronated and randomly divided into four groups. Fibre posts, Aestheti- Plus™ (Bisco,Inc. Schaumburg, IL, USA) were cemented using four luting cements: Group A (control): Elite 100® Zinc phosphate (GC Corp, Japan), Group B: Calibra ™ Esthetic Resin Cement (Dentsply Caulk, USA), Group C: RelyX ARC Adhesive Resin (3M ESPE), Group D: RelyX Unicem Aplicap (3M ESPE). Each root was sliced into 2 discs representing the coronal and middle portions of the root canal giving rise to 20 specimens per group. Bond strength was determined using push-out tests and data was analyzed using SPSS version 14.0. The mean bond strength of Group A to Aestheti-Plus™ post was 7.71 MPa (±2.51) and Group B was 5.69 MPa (±3.23). Group C exhibited the lowest mean bond strength, 4.29 MPa (±3.53) while the highest bond strength was obtained from Group D, 7.98 MPa (±2.61). One way ANOVA showed significant interaction between all groups (p=.OOI). Post-hoc Bonferroni test reve;iled that bond strength of Group C was significantly lower compared to Group A (p=.008) and D (p=.004). In conclusion, the mean bond strength of Aestheti- Plus™ post to root canal dentine was highest when cemented with RelyX Unicem resin cement followed by Elite 100® zinc phosphate cement, Calibra and RelyX ARC resin cements. However, the bond strengths of Cali bra and RelyX Unicem resin cements were not significantly different from Elite 100® zinc phosphate cement.
  9. Radzi, Z., Abu Kasim, N.H., Yahya, N.A., Abu Osman, N.A., Kassim, N.L.
    Ann Dent, 2008;15(1):33-39.
    MyJurnal
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the light intensity of selected light curing units with varying distance and angulation of the light curing tip and lightmeter. Materials and method: Four types of light units; Spectrum 800 (Dentsply), Coltulux 3 (Coltene), Elipar FreeLight 2 (3M Espe) and Starlight Pro (Mectron) were evaluated for light intensity at various distances between the light curing tip and the radiometer Cure Rite Denstply (0,1,3,5,10 and 15 mm). The light curing units were tested at right angles to the aperture of the light meter and at the angles of 45°, 60° to it at a standardized 5 mm distance. Results: The highest light intensity was obtained when the tip of light curing unit was in contact with the lightmeter aperture. The light intensity decreased significantly when the light tip was placed 5mm, 10mm and 15mm away from the lightmeter aperture. However, no significant differences (p> .05) were detected between Omm, Imm and 3mm. There was a decrease in light intensity when light~·tip was angulated at 45° and 60° except for Coltolux 3. Conclusions: The intensity of the curing light was affected by the distance between the light curing tip and the lightmeter. However, the decrease in light intensity of the light curing unit was found not to obey the inverse square law for the distances 0 to 15 mm. The study found that there was no significant difference between 45° and 60° angulation between the light curing tip and the lightmeter. However, the decrease in light intensity was significant when compared to the light tip placed perpendicular (90°) to the aperture of the light meter.
  10. Tripathy A, Pramanik S, Manna A, Shah NF, Shasmin HN, Radzi Z, et al.
    Sensors (Basel), 2016;16(3):292.
    PMID: 26927116 DOI: 10.3390/s16030292
    Armalcolite, a rare ceramic mineral and normally found in the lunar earth, was synthesized by solid-state step-sintering. The in situ phase-changed novel ceramic nanocrystals of Ca-Mg-Ti-Fe based oxide (CMTFOx), their chemical reactions and bonding with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were determined by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and microscopy. Water absorption of all the CMTFOx was high. The lower dielectric loss tangent value (0.155 at 1 MHz) was obtained for the ceramic sintered at 1050 °C (S1050) and it became lowest for the S1050/PDMS nanocomposite (0.002 at 1 MHz) film, which was made by spin coating at 3000 rpm. The excellent flexibility (static modulus ≈ 0.27 MPa and elongation > 90%), viscoelastic property (tanδ = E″/E': 0.225) and glass transition temperature (Tg: -58.5 °C) were obtained for S1050/PDMS film. Parallel-plate capacitive and flexible resistive humidity sensors have been developed successfully. The best sensing performance of the present S1050 (3000%) and its flexible S1050/PDMS composite film (306%) based humidity sensors was found to be at 100 Hz, better than conventional materials.
  11. Ali Salim KM, Abd Jalil A, Radzi Z, Ismail SM, Czernuszka JT, Rahman MT
    Materials (Basel), 2020 Oct 06;13(19).
    PMID: 33036128 DOI: 10.3390/ma13194436
    OBJECTIVE: Reconstruction of oral and facial defects often necessitate replacement of missing soft tissue. The purpose of tissue expanders is to grow healthy supplementary tissue under a controlled force. This study investigates the inflammatory responses associated with the force generated from the use of anisotropic hydrogel tissue expanders.

    METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats (n = 7, body weight = 300 g ± 50 g) were grouped randomly into two groups-control (n = 3) and expanded (n = 4). Anisotropic hydrogel tissue expanders were inserted into the frontal maxillofacial region of the rats in the expanded group. The rats were sacrificed, and skin samples were harvested, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin wax for histological investigation. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to detect histological changes between the two groups and to investigate the inflammatory response in the expanded samples. Three inflammatory markers, namely interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.

    RESULT: IL-1-α expression was only observed in the expanded tissue samples compared to the controls. In contrast, there was no significant difference in IL-6, and TNF-α production. Histological analysis showed the absence of inflammatory response in expanded tissues, and a negative non-significant correlation (Spearman's correlation coefficient) between IL-1-α immune-positive cells and the inflammatory cells (r = -0.500). In conclusion, tissues that are expanded and stabilized using an anisotropic self-inflating hydrogel tissue expander might be useful for tissue replacement and engraftment as the expanded tissue does not show any sign of inflammatory responses. Detection of IL-1-α in the expanded tissues warrants further investigation for its involvement without any visible inflammatory response.

  12. Ali AK, Abubakar AA, Kaka U, Radzi Z, Khairuddin NH, Yusoff MSM, et al.
    Vet World, 2018 Dec;11(12):1706-1711.
    PMID: 30774262 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2018.1706-1711
    Aim: Tissue expansion is an applicable technique to reconstruct many surgical defects. The aim of this research was to evaluate the histological changes caused by immediate skin tissue expansion in rats as an animal model.

    Materials and Methods: Immediate skin tissue expansion in 18 adult female rats was performed using three different sizes (small, medium, and big) of polymethylmethacrylate tissue expanders at the dorsal surface of the metatarsal area of the right limb. The contralateral limb was served as the control. The tissue expanders were surgically implanted and kept for 15 days.

    Results: The immediate skin expansion resulted in histological changes such as the increased thickness of the epidermal layer, the reduction of the dermal layer, an elevated number of fibroblast as well as increased vascularity. Furthermore, skin adnexal structures such as hair follicles and sebaceous glands were farther apart.

    Conclusion: The rat skin was able to rapidly adjust and compensate against a specific range of immediate mechanical expansion. The histological changes suggest that the tissues were prepared to withstand the increased external forces, in addition to create possibly additional skin in a relatively short-term period.

  13. Aziz J, Shezali H, Radzi Z, Yahya NA, Abu Kassim NH, Czernuszka J, et al.
    Skin Pharmacol Physiol, 2016;29(4):190-203.
    PMID: 27434176 DOI: 10.1159/000447017
    Collagen and elastin networks make up the majority of the extracellular matrix in many organs, such as the skin. The mechanisms which are involved in the maintenance of homeostatic equilibrium of these networks are numerous, involving the regulation of genetic expression, growth factor secretion, signalling pathways, secondary messaging systems, and ion channel activity. However, many factors are capable of disrupting these pathways, which leads to an imbalance of homeostatic equilibrium. Ultimately, this leads to changes in the physical nature of skin, both functionally and cosmetically. Although various factors have been identified, including carcinogenesis, ultraviolet exposure, and mechanical stretching of skin, it was discovered that many of them affect similar components of regulatory pathways, such as fibroblasts, lysyl oxidase, and fibronectin. Additionally, it was discovered that the various regulatory pathways intersect with each other at various stages instead of working independently of each other. This review paper proposes a model which elucidates how these molecular pathways intersect with one another, and how various internal and external factors can disrupt these pathways, ultimately leading to a disruption in collagen and elastin networks.
  14. Yusof ZYM, Mohamed NH, Radzi Z, Yahya NA, Ramli AS, Abdul Kadir R
    Ann Dent, 2007;14(1):31-38.
    MyJurnal
    Background: The high prevalence and impacts of orofacial pain (OFP) have caused major sufferings to individuals and society. The purpose of the study was to investigate the problems and impacts of OFP among a group of Malaysian aborigines. The objectives were to determine (i) the prevalence, aetiology, duration, severity, types and persistence of OFP during the past 3 months preceding the study; (ii) its associated impact on daily performance; and (iii) the measures taken for pain relief.
    Methods: This is a cross sectional study carried out in Kuala Lipis, Pahang involving 6 villages of Orang Asli Bateq and Semai. Study sample was chosen using convenient sampling including adults aged 16 years and above. Participants were invited for an interview using structured questionnaire followed by clinical examination. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS ver12.
    Results: Response rate was low at 20% (n = 140). Over one-quarter (26.4%) of the sample experienced OFP in the previous 3 months. Toothache was found to be the main aetiology (83.3%) followed by gingival pain (18.9%), temporomandibular joint (10.8%) and facial pain (8.1%). Mean duration of pain was 9.8 days for toothache, 162.4 days for gingival pain, 7.3 days for TMJ and 5.7 days for facial pain. Of those who had OFP, over half rated the pain as moderate (37.8%) and severe (29.7%) and most of the pain was ‘intermittent’ in nature (81.1%). Over half (62.2%) admitted the pain had disappeared during the interview. In terms of pain relief, 56.8% of the sample used traditional medicine. The pain had impacted on the chewing ability (70.3%, p=0.01), ability to sleep at night (73.0%, p<0.001), levels of anxiety (70.3%), ability to perform daily chores (33.3%) and social life (35.1%) of the Orang Asli sample.
    Conclusion: This study suggests the prevalence of OFP was high among the Orang Asli sample, which imposed considerable physical and psychological impacts on daily life.
    Key words: orofacial pain; impacts; quality of life; Malaysian aborigines
  15. Alyessary AS, Yap AU, Othman SA, Rahman MT, Al-Namnam NM, Radzi Z
    J Orofac Orthop, 2018 May;79(3):169-179.
    PMID: 29644389 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-018-0134-4
    OBJECTIVE: Accelerated bone-borne expansion protocols on sutural separation and sutural bone formation were evaluated via histomorphometry and immunohistochemistry to determine the optimal initial activation without disruption of bone formation.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups. Modified Hyrax expanders were placed across the midsagittal sutures and secured with miniscrew implants with the following activations: group 1 (control), 0.5 mm expansion/day for 12 days; group 2, 1 mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm expansion/day for 10 days; group 3, 2.5 mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm expansion/day for 7 days; and group 4, 4 mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm expansion/day for 4 days. After 6 weeks, sutural expansion and new bone formation were evaluated histomorphometrically. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's rho correlation (p 

  16. Alyessary AS, Yap AUJ, Othman SA, Ibrahim N, Rahman MT, Radzi Z
    Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2018 Aug;154(2):260-269.
    PMID: 30075928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.11.031
    INTRODUCTION: In this study, we evaluated the effect of bone-borne accelerated expansion protocols on sutural separation and sutural bone modeling using a microcomputed tomography system. We also determined the optimum instant sutural expansion possible without disruption of bone modeling.

    METHODS: Sixteen New Zealand white rabbits, 20 to 24 weeks old, were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups. Modified hyrax expanders were placed across their interfrontal sutures and secured with miniscrew implants located bilaterally in the frontal bone. The hyrax appliances were activated as follows: group 1 (control), 0.5-mm per day expansion for 12 days; group 2, 1-mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm per day for 10 days; group 3, 2.5-mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm per day for 7 days, and group 4, 4-mm instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm per day for 4 days. After 6 weeks of retention, sutural separation and sutural bone modeling were assessed by microcomputed tomography and quantified. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and the Spearman rho correlation (P <0.05).

    RESULTS: Median amounts of sutural separation ranged from 2.84 to 4.41 mm for groups 1 and 4, respectively. Median bone volume fraction ranged from 59.96% to 69.15% for groups 4 and 3, respectively. A significant correlation (r = 0.970; P <0.01) was observed between the amounts of instant expansion and sutural separation.

    CONCLUSIONS: Pending histologic verifications, our findings suggest that the protocol involving 2.5 mm of instant expansion followed by 0.5 mm per day for 7 days is optimal for accelerated sutural expansion. When 4 mm of instant expansion was used, the sutural bone volume fraction was decreased.

  17. Alyessary AS, Othman SA, Yap AUJ, Radzi Z, Rahman MT
    Int Orthod, 2019 03;17(1):12-19.
    PMID: 30732977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.01.001
    OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to determine the effects of non-surgical rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on breathing and upper airway structures.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search of the scientific literature from January 2005 to June 2016 was done using Web of Science, Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source and PubMed databases. A combination of search terms "rapid maxillary expansion", "nasal", "airway" and "breathing" were used. Studies that involved surgical or combined RME-surgical treatments and patients with craniofacial anomalies were excluded.

    RESULTS: The initial screening yielded a total of 183 articles. After evaluation of the titles, abstracts and accessing the full text, a total of 20 articles fulfilled both inclusion/exclusion criteria and possessed adequate evidence to be incorporated into this review.

    CONCLUSIONS: Non-surgical RME was found to improve breathing, increase nasal cavity geometry and decrease nasal airway resistance in children and adolescents.

  18. Muhammad AMA, Ibrahim N, Ahmad R, Asif MK, Radzi Z, Zaini ZM, et al.
    BMC Oral Health, 2020 02 10;20(1):48.
    PMID: 32041589 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-1035-7
    BACKGROUND: Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is a reliable radiographic modality to assess trabecular bone microarchitecture. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of CBCT image reconstruction parameters, namely, the threshold value and reconstruction voxel size, on trabecular bone microstructure assessment.

    METHODS: Five sectioned maxilla of adult Dorper male sheep were scanned using a CBCT system with a resolution of 76 μm3 (Kodak 9000). The CBCT images were reconstructed using different reconstruction parameters and analysed. The effect of reconstruction voxel size (76, 100 and 200 μm3) and threshold values (±15% from the global threshold value) on trabecular bone microstructure measurement was assessed using image analysis software (CT analyser version 1.15).

    RESULTS: There was no significant difference in trabecular bone microstructure measurement between the reconstruction voxel sizes, but a significant difference (Tb.N = 0.03, Tb.Sp = 0.04, Tb.Th = 0.01, BV/TV = 0.00) was apparent when the global threshold value was decreased by 15%.

    CONCLUSIONS: Trabecular bone microstructure measurements are not compromised by changing the CBCT reconstruction voxel size. However, measurements can be affected when applying a threshold value of less than 15% of the recommended global value.

  19. Aziz J, Ahmad MF, Rahman MT, Yahya NA, Czernuszka J, Radzi Z
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2018 Feb;107(Pt A):1030-1038.
    PMID: 28939521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.066
    Successful use of tissue expanders depends on the quality of expanded tissue. This study evaluates the impact of anisotropic self-inflating tissue expander (SITE) on the biomechanics of skin. Two different SITE were implanted subcutaneously on sheep scalps; SITE that requires 30days for maximum expansion (Group A; n=5), and SITE that requires 21days for maximum expansion (Group B; n=5). Control animals (n=5) were maintained without SITE implantation. Young's Modulus, D-periodicity, overlap and gap region length, diameter, and height difference between overlap and gap regions on collagen fibrils were analyzed using atomic force microscopy. Histology showed no significant differences in dermal thickness between control and expanded skin of groups A and B. Furthermore, most parameters of expanded skin were similar to controls (p>0.05). However, the height difference between overlap and gap regions was significantly smaller in group B compared to both control and group A (p<0.01). Strong correlation was observed between Young's Modulus of overlap and gap regions of the control and group A, but not group B. Results suggest that a relatively slower SITE can be useful in reconstructive surgery to maintain the biomechanical properties of expanded skin.
  20. Alyessary AS, Yap AUJ, Othman SA, Rahman MT, Radzi Z
    J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 2018 03;76(3):616-630.
    PMID: 28893543 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2017.08.018
    PURPOSE: The present study investigated the effect of piezoelectric sutural ostectomies on accelerated bone-borne sutural expansion.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixteen male New Zealand white rabbits (20 to 24 weeks old) were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups (n = 4): group 1, conventional rapid sutural expansion; group 2, accelerated sutural expansion; group 3, accelerated sutural expansion with continuous ostectomy; and group 4, accelerated sutural expansion with discontinuous ostectomy. All sutural ostectomies were performed using a piezoelectric instrument (Woodpecker DTE, DS-II, Guangxi, China) before expander application with the rabbits under anesthesia. Modified hyrax expanders were placed across the midsagittal sutures of the rabbits and secured with miniscrew implants located bilaterally in the frontal bone. The hyrax expanders were activated 0.5 mm/day for 12 days (group 1) or with a 2.5-mm initial expansion, followed by 0.5 mm/day for 7 days (groups 2 to 4). After 6 weeks of retention, the bone volume fraction, sutural separation, and new bone formation were evaluated using micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests and Spearman's rho correlation (P 

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