OBJECTIVE: Herein, we perform a dynamic and longitudinal bibliometric analysis to explore the hotspots and current trends of HMGB1-related PD publications during the past decade.
METHODS: All PD publications focusing on HMGB1 protein were retrieved from the PubMed database using the search terms "Parkinson's disease" and "hmgb1". Using filters, only English articles published between 2011 and 2022 were selected. The Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny packages from R software were used to conduct the bibliometric analysis.
RESULTS: The filtered search identified 47 articles (34 original articles and 13 review articles), published between 2011 and 2022. There was an increase trend in the number of articles published, with an annual growth rate of 19.35 percent. In terms of research and scientific collaboration in this field, the United States is in the lead, followed by China, Malaysia, and Australia. Compared to other countries, the United States and China had the highest level of collaboration in this research area. Neuroinflammation, microglia, and receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) represent the top three frontiers and hotspots for HMGB1-related PD research. According to the thematic evolution analysis, over the last decade, PD, HMGB1 and microglia were addressed individually, however, since 2017, these topics were frequently discussed within the same cluster: neuroinflammation. Furthermore, PD, HMGB1, and neuroinflammation domains co-occurred in majority of the research discussion.
CONCLUSIONS: The link between HMGB1 and PD was realized a decade ago and becomes increasingly important over time. Our findings can aid scholars in comprehending the global context of HMGB1/PD relationship and provide significant insights for future PD research.
METHODS: We used Cox regression to analyze data of a cohort of Asian children.
RESULTS: A total of 2608 children were included; median age at cART was 5.7 years. Time-updated weight for age z score < -3 was associated with mortality (P < 0.001) independent of CD4% and < -2 was associated with immunological failure (P ≤ 0.03) independent of age at cART.
CONCLUSIONS: Weight monitoring provides useful data to inform clinical management of children on cART in resource-limited settings.
METHODS: A modified susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered compartmental model was developed that included two sequential incubation and infectious periods, with stratification by clinical state. The model was further stratified by age and incorporated population mobility to capture NPIs and micro-distancing (behaviour changes not captured through population mobility). Emerging variants of concern (VoC) were included as an additional strain competing with the existing wild-type strain. Several scenarios that included different vaccination strategies (i.e. vaccines that reduce disease severity and/or prevent infection, vaccination coverage) and mobility restrictions were implemented.
RESULTS: The national model and the regional models all fit well to notification data but underestimated ICU occupancy and deaths in recent weeks, which may be attributable to increased severity of VoC or saturation of case detection. However, the true case detection proportion showed wide credible intervals, highlighting incomplete understanding of the true epidemic size. The scenario projections suggested that under current vaccination rates complete relaxation of all NPIs would trigger a major epidemic. The results emphasise the importance of micro-distancing, maintaining mobility restrictions during vaccination roll-out and accelerating the pace of vaccination for future control. Malaysia is particularly susceptible to a major COVID-19 resurgence resulting from its limited population immunity due to the country's historical success in maintaining control throughout much of 2020.
OBJECTIVES: To study the initial ART regimens and the rate of switch of ART regimens used during the first 36 months in HIV-infected children with severe anemia and to evaluate their clinical and laboratory outcomes.
METHODS: We analyzed regional cohort data of 130 Asian children aged <18 years with baseline severe anemia (hemoglobin <7.5 g/dl) who started antiretroviral therapy (ART) between January 2003 and September 2013.
RESULTS: At ART initiation, median age was 3.5 years old (interquartile range (IQR) 1.7 to 6.3) and median hemoglobin was 6.7 g/dL (IQR 5.9-7.1, range 3.0-7.4). Initial ART regimens included stavudine (85.4%), zidovudine (13.8%), and abacavir (0.8%). In 81 children with available hemoglobin data after 6 months of ART, 90% recovered from severe anemia with a median hemoglobin of 10.7 g/dL (IQR 9.6-11.7, range 4.4-13.5). Those starting AZT-based ART had a mortality rate of 10.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.8-23.9) per 100 patient-years compared to 2.7 (95% CI 1.6-4.6) per 100 patient-years among those who started d4T-based ART.
CONCLUSIONS: With the phase-out of stavudine, age-appropriate non-zidovudine options are needed for younger Asian children with severe anemia.