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Fulltext Qualitative research method-interviewing and observation

Jamshed S

J Basic Clin Pharm, 2014 Sep;5(4):87-8.
PMID: 25316987 DOI: 10.4103/0976-0105.141942
Comment on Fincham editorial: drug promotion: the need to teach future healthcare practitioners

Jamshed SQ

Int J Pharm Pract, 2014 Jun;22(3):234-5.
PMID: 24825117 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12072
Fulltext Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences

Jamshed SQ

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 Jan-Mar;8(1):1.
PMID: 26957861 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.173860
Fulltext Fine tune your review works please!

Jamshed SQ

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2017 Apr-Jun;9(2):79.
PMID: 28717328 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.JPBS_47_17
Fulltext Kesedaran guru di Kota Kinabalu, Sabah dalam pengetahuan dan persepsi terhadap autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

Mariani M, Shazia Iqbal H, Agnis S

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2016;31:56-63.

This research paper aimed to provide an awareness study about teacher’s knowledge of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and their perception of interest and perceived efficacy in working with ASD children in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. In addition, the purpose of this study also to examine the relationship between teacher’s knowledge of ASD and their perception. Methodology of this research is based on a survey of 240 questionnaires, which is given to each teacher from 6 selected primary schools in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. The data collected were then analyzed by using the SPSS (Version 23), using Pearson’s correlation test to study the hypotheses that had been developed. The results showed a significant positive correlation between teachers’ knowledge of ASD and their perception of interest and perceived efficacy in working with ASD children. Thus, findings of this study concluded that there is still lack of awareness regarding of ASD in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Therefore, researcher suggested that it is important in the future for every school to implement a basic courses, proper training, workshops or related seminars for their teachers, as based from the present study showed that teachers have a quite high perception of interest and perceived efficacy in working together with ASD children.
Fulltext A stochastic total least squares solution of adaptive filtering problem

Javed S, Ahmad NA

ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:625280.
PMID: 24688412 DOI: 10.1155/2014/625280

An efficient and computationally linear algorithm is derived for total least squares solution of adaptive filtering problem, when both input and output signals are contaminated by noise. The proposed total least mean squares (TLMS) algorithm is designed by recursively computing an optimal solution of adaptive TLS problem by minimizing instantaneous value of weighted cost function. Convergence analysis of the algorithm is given to show the global convergence of the proposed algorithm, provided that the stepsize parameter is appropriately chosen. The TLMS algorithm is computationally simpler than the other TLS algorithms and demonstrates a better performance as compared with the least mean square (LMS) and normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithms. It provides minimum mean square deviation by exhibiting better convergence in misalignment for unknown system identification under noisy inputs.
Fulltext The Global Burden and Impacts of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs): A Review of Literature

Shazia Qaiser, Mohd. Yusof Hj Ibrahim, Syed Shajee Husain

Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 2018;12(101):3-4.
MyJurnal

Non-communicable diseases are the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 40 million people each year and accounts for 70% of all deaths globally. NCDs were previously considered to only affect high-income countries. However, they now account for a very large burden in terms of both death rates and disability in low- and middle-income countries. Also, age standardized mortality rates from NCDs are greater in these countries as compared to high-income countries. By 2020, it is predicted that these diseases will be causing 7 out of every 10 deaths in developing countries. NCDs also have potentially serious socioeconomic implications through increasing individual and household impoverishment thereby hindering social and economic development. This article is an effort to determine the magnitude and consequences of this expeditiously growing public health problem of NCDs through published literature.
Reflective writing in pharmacy practice

Jamshed SQ, Shamsudin SH

Int J Pharm Pract, 2014 Feb;22(1):101-2.
PMID: 24404933 DOI: 10.1111/ijpp.12036
Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a young child

Bhagavathula AS, Jamshed SQ

Lancet Infect Dis, 2016 Apr;16(4):405-6.
PMID: 27036339 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)00122-5
Fulltext Evaluation of the understanding of antibiotic resistance among Malaysian pharmacy students at public universities: an exploratory study

Rajiah K, Ren WS, Jamshed SQ

J Infect Public Health, 2015 May-Jun;8(3):266-73.
PMID: 25530352 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2014.11.003

BACKGROUND:
Infectious diseases are a great threat to humankind, and antibiotics are a viable proposition to numerous pathologies. However, antibiotic resistance is a global concern. Therefore, the aims of this survey were to explore the understanding and attitudes of pharmacy students regarding antibiotic use and resistance.

METHODS:
This is a cross-sectional study conducted on final-year undergraduate pharmacy students from 5 public universities. A validated, self-administered questionnaire written in English was used to collect data. It was made up of six domains and forty-five questions. Raosoft software was used to determine the minimum required sample size. Descriptive and inferential data analyses were carried out using SPSS version 20 software.

RESULTS:
Out of 346 students, only 59.5% showed a strong understanding of antibiotic usage, while 84.4% of students demonstrated a good level of understanding regarding the issue of antibiotic resistance. However, only 34.1% of students demonstrated a positive attitude toward this issue.

CONCLUSION:
This survey reveals that final-year pharmacy students at Malaysian public universities have a relatively good understanding of antibiotic resistance. However, their attitudes did not strongly correlate to their knowledge.

Copyright © 2014 King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KEYWORDS:
Antibiotic resistance; Malaysian public universities; Pharmacy students
Fulltext Knowledge of Future Dental Practitioners towards Oral Cancer: Exploratory Findings from a Public University in Malaysia

Bhagavathula AS, Bin Zakaria N, Jamshed SQ

Int J Dent, 2015;2015:218065.
PMID: 26839548 DOI: 10.1155/2015/218065

Objective. To assess knowledge and awareness of oral cancer in the early identification of risk factors among undergraduate dental students. Methods. A total of 162 undergraduate (third, fourth, and fifth year) dental students at International Islamic University, Malaysia, were approached to participate in the study, and those who agreed were administered. A 9-item pretested questionnaire contains questions on oral examination, oral cancer risk factors, and requests for further information. Descriptive statistics were conducted using chi-square testing. Results. The response rate of the study was 70.3% (114/162), with 26 (22.8%) males and 88 (77.2%) females. All undergraduate dental students were familiar with examining the oral mucosa of their patients and most were likely to advise patients about the risk factors for developing oral cancer (98.2%). Nearly one-third (32.4%) of students reported examining patients with oral lesions as early signs for oral cancer (P < 0.001) and nearly 70% agreed that they did not have sufficient knowledge regarding the prevention and detection of oral cancer (P < 0.001). In addition, more than 95.6% agreed that there is a need for additional information/teaching regarding oral cancer. Further, 61.3% and 14.1% identified tobacco smoking and drinking alcohol as major risk factors for developing oral cancer. Conclusion. This study demonstrated lack of awareness about risk factors among undergraduate dental students regarding oral cancer. Reinforcing awareness and enhancing the benefits of early detection on prevention of oral cancer should be done through training and/or educational intervention.
Knowledge, perceived barriers and facilitators of medication error reporting: a quantitative survey in Malaysian primary care clinics

Samsiah A, Othman N, Jamshed S, Hassali MA

Int J Clin Pharm, 2020 Aug;42(4):1118-1127.
PMID: 32494990 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01041-0

Background Medication errors are the most common types of medical errors that occur in health care organisations; however, these errors are largely underreported. Objective This study assessed knowledge on medication error reporting, perceived barriers to reporting medication errors, motivations for reporting medication errors and medication error reporting practices among various health care practitioners working at primary care clinics. Setting This study was conducted in 27 primary care clinics in Malaysia. Methods A self-administered survey was distributed to family medicine specialists, doctors, pharmacists, pharmacist assistants, nurses and assistant medical officers. Main outcome measures Health care practitioners' knowledge, perceived barriers and motivations for reporting medication errors. Results Of all respondents (N = 376), nurses represented 31.9% (n = 120), followed by doctors (n = 87, 23.1%), pharmacists (n = 63, 16.8%), assistant medical officers (n = 53, 14.1%), pharmacist assistants (n = 46, 12.2%) and family medicine specialists (n = 7, 1.9%). Of the survey respondents who had experience reporting medication errors, 56% (n = 62) had submitted medication error reports in the preceding 12 months. Results showed that 41.2% (n = 155) of respondents were classified as having good knowledge on medication error and medication error reporting. The mean score of knowledge was significantly higher among prescribers and pharmacists than nurses, pharmacist assistants and assistant medical officers (p
Fulltext PRN Medicines Management for Older People with Long-Term Mental Health Disorders in Home Care

Vaismoradi M, Jamshed S, Lorenzl S, Paal P

Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 2021;14:2841-2849.
PMID: 34262371 DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S316744

Older people with long-term mental health conditions who receive care in their own home are vulnerable to the inappropriate use of medications and polypharmacy given their underlying health conditions and comorbidities. Inappropriate use of pro re nata (PRN) medications in these older people can enhance their suffering and have negative consequences for their quality of life and well-being, leading to readmission to healthcare settings and the increased cost of health care. This narrative review on published international literature aims at improving our understanding of medicines management in home care and how to improve PRN medication use among older people with long-term health conditions in their own home. Accordingly, the improvement of PRN medicines management for these older people requires the development of an individualised care plan considering 'reduction of older people's dependence on PRN medications', 'empowerment of family caregivers', and 'support by healthcare professionals.' PRN medication use should be reduced through deprescription and discontinuation strategies. Also, older people and their family caregivers should be encouraged to prioritize the use of non-pharmacologic methods to relieve physical and psychological problems. Besides the empowerment of family caregivers through role development, education and training about PRN medications, and involvement in decision-making, they need support by the multidisciplinary network in terms of supervision, monitoring, and home visits.
Fulltext Ebola virus disease: How can African pharmacists respond to future outbreaks?

James PB, Jamshed SQ, Patel I

Asian Pac J Trop Dis, 2016 May;6(5):337-338.
PMID: 32289032 DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(15)61041-6

In its forty years history (1976-2016), the West African region has recorded the most devastating form of the Ebola virus disease. The sparse knowledge of healthcare professionals and general public combined with lesser responses from international community are major factors for the dissemination of the disease. In the context of this outbreak, there is a need to highlight the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists, especially in the African healthcare setting. Moreover, the prerequisite of diagnostic kits for the timely detection of the infection as well as pharmacists' awareness of the current therapeutic regimen are recommended.
Discrepancies and Similarities in Attitudes, Beliefs, and Familiarity with Vaccination Between Religious Studies and Science Students in Malaysia: A Comparison Study

Elkalmi RM, Jamshed SQ, Suhaimi AM

J Relig Health, 2021 Aug;60(4):2411-2427.
PMID: 33661436 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01212-x

Little is known about the impact of religion on vaccine receptivity in Malaysia. Improved vaccine uptake is positively reflected in the reduction of vaccine-preventable diseases. This study aimed to explore and compare the attitudes, religious beliefs, and familiarity regarding vaccination between the religious studies and science students. A survey-based cross-sectional study was conducted between a convenient sample of students (N = 300) of religious studies and applied sciences in Kuantan, Malaysia. A new, face- and content-validated questionnaire was used for data collection. A total of 206 students responded to the questionnaire, giving a response rate of 86.6%. Overall, participants demonstrated positive attitudes towards vaccination (n = 185, 89.9%). Only a minority of respondents expressed an opposition to vaccination (n = 21, 10.2%). Religious factors (permissibility) of vaccines (n = 12, 57.1%) and harm associated with the vaccine (n = 13, 61.9%) were the most common reasons for not supporting vaccination among the non-supporters. Most (n = 135, 65.5%) respondents agreed that vaccination is parallel with the Islamic concept of protecting life and preventing harm. Almost half of the respondents (n = 98, 47.6%) admit to declaring "Fatwa" to oblige parents to vaccinate their children. Religious beliefs and safety issues surrounding immunisation were reported as the major barriers for the support of immunisation. Well-designed programs are recommended to reshape the religious beliefs and convictions among students toward vaccination.
Fulltext Perceptions and Attitudes towards Medication Error Reporting in Primary Care Clinics: A Qualitative Study in Malaysia

Samsiah A, Othman N, Jamshed S, Hassali MA

PLoS One, 2016;11(12):e0166114.
PMID: 27906960 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166114

OBJECTIVE: To explore and understand participants' perceptions and attitudes towards the reporting of medication errors (MEs).
METHODS: A qualitative study using in-depth interviews of 31 healthcare practitioners from nine publicly funded, primary care clinics in three states in peninsular Malaysia was conducted for this study. The participants included family medicine specialists, doctors, pharmacists, pharmacist assistants, nurses and assistant medical officers. The interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. Analysis of the data was guided by the framework approach.
RESULTS: Six themes and 28 codes were identified. Despite the availability of a reporting system, most of the participants agreed that MEs were underreported. The nature of the error plays an important role in determining the reporting. The reporting system, organisational factors, provider factors, reporter's burden and benefit of reporting also were identified.
CONCLUSIONS: Healthcare practitioners in primary care clinics understood the importance of reporting MEs to improve patient safety. Their perceptions and attitudes towards reporting of MEs were influenced by many factors which affect the decision-making process of whether or not to report. Although the process is complex, it primarily is determined by the severity of the outcome of the errors. The participants voluntarily report the errors if they are familiar with the reporting system, what error to report, when to report and what form to use.
Fulltext Evaluating the effects of environmental management practices on environmental and financial performance of firms in Malaysia: the mediating role of ESG disclosure

Ali Q, Salman A, Parveen S

Heliyon, 2022 Dec;8(12):e12486.
PMID: 36590548 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12486

The concepts of environmental and business sustainability are well-established in the business lexicon of progressive firms. However, firms are yet to examine the effects of environmental management practices (EMPs) on environmental performance (EP) and financial performance (FP) by connecting the missing linkage of environment, social, and governance disclosure (ESGD). This study analyses the impact of EMPs on EP and FP and offers empirical evidence of whether ESGD mediates the relationship between EP and FP of firms in Malaysia. The data from 141 listed firms on Bursa Malaysia was extracted between 2009-2020. The data was analyzed using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the generalized method of moments (GMM) technique. The findings reflect that EMPs have a significant positive effect on EP and all five proxies of EP have a significant positive effect on ESGD (except 'S') and FP. Also, ESGD together with its three proxies mediates the relationship between EP and FP. The findings of this research offer an empirical rationale for regulators and policymakers of industrial firms to accelerate their EMPs and improve ESGD mechanisms for better environmental and financial outcomes.
Fulltext Health Professionals' Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices about Pharmacovigilance in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Bhagavathula AS, Elnour AA, Jamshed SQ, Shehab A

PLoS One, 2016;11(3):e0152221.
PMID: 27010447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152221

BACKGROUND: Spontaneous or voluntary reporting of suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) is one of the vital roles of all health professionals. In India, under-reporting of ADRs by health professionals is recognized as one of the leading causes of poor ADR signal detection. Therefore, reviewing the literature can provide a better understanding of the status of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Pharmacovigilance (PV) activities by health professionals.
METHODS: A systematic review was performed through Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Google Scholar scientific databases. Studies pertaining to KAP of PV and ADR reporting by Indian health professionals between January 2011 and July 2015 were included in a meta-analysis.
RESULTS: A total of 28 studies were included in the systematic review and 18 of them were selected for meta-analysis. Overall, 55.6% (95% CI 44.4-66.9; p<0.001) of the population studied were not aware of the existence of the Pharmacovigilance Programme in India (PvPI), and 31.9% (95% CI 16.3-47.4; p<0.001) thought that "all drugs available in the market are safe". Furthermore, 28.7% (95% CI 16.4-40.9; p<0.001) of them were not interested in reporting ADRs and 74.5%, (95% CI 67.9-81.9; p<0.001) never reported any ADR to PV centers.
CONCLUSION: There was an enormous gap of KAP towards PV and ADR reporting, particularly PV practice in India. There is therefore an urgent need for educational awareness, simplification of the ADR reporting process, and implementation of imperative measures to practice PV among healthcare professionals. In order to understand the PV status, PvPI should procedurally assess the KAP of health professionals PV activities in India.
Fulltext Knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicines among pharmacy students of a Malaysian public university

Jamshed SQ, Khan MU, Ahmad A, Elkalmi RM

J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 2016 3 10;8(1):34-8.
PMID: 26957866 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.171686

BACKGROUND: The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is consistently on the rise worldwide. Consumers often consider pharmacists as a major source of information about CAM products and their safety. Due to the limitation of data, it is worth exploring the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of pharmacy students toward CAM.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of pharmacy students regarding the use of CAM in Malaysia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 3 months among Bachelor of Pharmacy students in a public sector University of Malaysia. A pretested, self-administered questionnaire, comprised four sections, was used to collect the data from 440 participants. Descriptive analysis was used, and Chi-square test was used to test the association between dependent and independent variables.
RESULTS: Of 440 questionnaire distributed, 287 were returned giving a response rate of (65.2%). The results showed that 38.6% participants gave correct answers when asked about the use of herbal products with digoxin. Majority of the participants were knowledgeable about supplementary therapy (25.3%) while the lack of knowledge was mostly evident in traditional Chinese medicines (73.7%). Majority of the students were either neutral (49.5%) or disagreed that (42.8%) CAM use is unsafe. Females were more in disagreement to the statements than males (P = 0.007). Majority of students also agreed to use CAM therapies for their health and well-being (51.2%).
CONCLUSION: The study revealed that pharmacy students did not have adequate knowledge of CAM though their attitudes and perceptions were relatively positive.
Comparison of knowledge and attitudes about antibiotics and resistance, and antibiotics self-practicing between Bachelor of Pharmacy and Doctor of Pharmacy students in Southern India

Ahmad A, Khan MU, Moorthy J, Jamshed SQ, Patel I

Pharm Pract (Granada), 2015 03 15;13(1):523.
PMID: 25883690

BACKGROUND: There is limited research on pharmacy specialization based differences with regards to usage of antibiotics.
OBJECTIVE: To compare the knowledge, attitude and practice of Bachelor of Pharmacy (BPharm) and Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) students about usage and resistance of antibiotics in Southern India.
METHODS: This was a cross sectional study involving final year BPharm and PharmD students studying in two private institutions located in Andra Pradesh, India. The study was conducted for the period of 3 months. The questionnaire was divided into 5 components: demographics, knowledge about antibiotic use, attitude towards antibiotic use and resistance, self-antibiotic usage, and possible causes of antibiotic resistance. The study questionnaire was assessed for reliability. Data were analysed by employing Mann Whitney and chi square tests using SPSS version 19.
RESULTS: The sample size comprised of 137 students. The response rate was 76.11% for the study. There was a significant difference in the knowledge of antibiotic use in BPharm and PharmD students (Mean score: 5.09 vs 6.18, p<0.001). The overall attitude of PharmD students about antibiotic use and resistance was positive compared to BPharm students (Mean score: 3.05 vs 2.23, p<0.05). The self-antibiotic practices was higher in BPharm students than PharmD students (36.4% vs 20%, p<0.05). A significantly high number of PharmD students believed that empirical antibiotic therapy led to antibiotic resistance (19.5% versus 48%, P<0.05).
CONCLUSION: PharmD students were more knowledgeable about antibiotic usage and resistance compared to BPharm students who did not have accurate and the much needed information about the same. Future interventions should be targeted towards educating the BPharm students so that they can implement the acquired knowledge in their practice.

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