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Fulltext Ex-vivo differentiation of stem cells from human extracted deciduous teeth into bone forming cells

Fazliah, S.N., Jaafar, S., Shamsuddin, S., Zainudin, Z., Hilmi, A.B., Razila, A.R., et al.

ASM Science Journal, 2010;4(1):1-14.
MyJurnal

Stem cells from human extracted deciduous teeth (SHED) have the ability to multiply much faster and double their population in culture at a greater rate, indicating that it may be in a more immature state than other type of adult stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human primary molars were isolated and cultured in media supplemented with 20% fetal bovine serum. The MSCs were confirmed using CD 105 and CD 166 and the identification of the osteoblast cells were done using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Differentiated osteoblast cells (DOC) were characterized by alkaline phosphotase and von Kossa staining followed by immunocytochemistry staining using osteocalcin and osteonectin antibodies. Further validation of SHED was done by RT-PCR to detect the presence of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) and discoidin domain tyrosine kinase-2 (DDTK-2) transcripts, while the presence of Runx-2 mRNA was used to characterize DOC. The results showed that SHED was found positive for CD 105 and CD 166 and could differentiate into osteoblast, bone forming cells. The findings revealed the presence of distinct MSC population which had the capability to generate living human cells that could be a possible source for tissue engineering in the future.
Fulltext Optimum media compositions for bioprotein production by mixed culture of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium and Candida Utilis using palm kernel cake and seaweed as substrates

Ilias, N.N., Jamal, P., Sulaiman, S., Jaswir, I., Ansari, A.H., Azmi, A.S., et al.

International Food Research Journal, 2017;24(101):0-0.
MyJurnal

Bioprotein is one of the useful products obtained from biotechnology invention. It is a promising replacement for the commercial fish feed supplement. In this study, the enrichment of the bioprotein content after solid state fermentation using palm kernel cake and seaweed by the white rot fungus: Phanerochaete chrysoporium and yeast: Candida utilis was carried out. The growth media components were selected from 11 types of media using Plackett-Burman design (hereinafter PBD) and were optimized by one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) method with bioprotein concentration (mg/g) as the response. From the screening result using PBD, three media components, namely K2HPO4, CuSO4.5H2O and MnSO4.H2O were selected for further optimization using OFAT method because of their positive contributions to the response. The final results showed that 5.0 g/L K2HPO4, 3.0 g/L CuSO4.5H2O and 0.1 g/L MnSO4.H2O were there to be the optimum media constituents with 9.0 g/L, MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1 g/L, CaCl2.H2O, 3.0 g/L FeSO4.7H2O and 3.0 g/L peptone as fixed compositions. At this optimum concentration, the protein increment of 11% was observed as compared to the results determined in the screening using PBD. The study revealed the benefits of using mixed cultures in improving the protein concentrations which can be used as nutritious fish feed.
Fulltext Authors' Reply. A different viewpoint on pneumococcal glomerulonephritis in a healthy child

Ismail IH, Zainudin Z, Othman N

Singapore Med J, 2014 Sep;55(9):506.
PMID: 25273938
Neonatal aortic thrombosis: A life threatening complication of umbilical artery catheterisation

Thay WY, Aisha Fadhilah AA, Faizah MJ, Zainudin Z

Med J Malaysia, 2020 03;75(2):173-174.
PMID: 32281603

Umbilical artery catheterisation is considered the standard of care for arterial access in neonatal intensive care unit. It is routinely used for blood sampling and blood pressure monitoring. Unfortunately, an indwelling umbilical catheter have been associated with thrombotic complication which may result in either partial or complete occlusion of the aorta. We report here our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of a neonate with this condition.
Fulltext Psychometric Features of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale Among Malaysian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bied A, Njuguna S, Mohd Shukri NH, Zainudin Z

Cureus, 2023 Feb;15(2):e34822.
PMID: 36923176 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.34822

Background The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a 10-item questionnaire developed to identify women at risk for postpartum depression (PD). EPDS symptom patterns appear to vary by nation. The EPDS items and their correlation with affirmative EPDS screens have thus far been minimally studied among Malaysians. Using positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), this study aims to evaluate the EPDS-based psychometric features of individual answer items. Methodology A cross-section of postpartum women receiving care at two tertiary care facilities in Malaysia underwent screening assessments in the course of receiving treatment. EPDS was employed with an aggregate cutoff score (≥12). EPDS items were assessed as predictors of abnormal EPDS screens. Results A total of 219 participants were screened, among which 66 were positive on the EPDS. EPDS item responses were collected (item responses 0-3: PPV = 0.07-0.78 and NPV = 0.93-0.22). A negative response to any item strongly predicted a negative EPDS screen (item entry = 0 and NPV = 0.93). Affirmative responses on items 8, 9, and 10 were particularly strong predictors of abnormal EPDS scores, while negative responses to items 3, 5, and 7 were strong predictors of negative EPDS scores. A substantial NPV for any item (response 0 and NPV items 1-10 = 0.93) and a moderate PPV for any affirmative response (responses 1-3, PPV items 1-10 = 0.60) were observed. Conclusions This is one of the few studies to examine the EPDS item responses among Malaysian women. The results suggest that depression remains prevalent in this postpartum population. Our findings reveal a robust NPV for any negative response to the individual items of the scale, a moderate PPV for any affirmative response, and a particularly robust validity for specific EPDS items. Physical complaints, rather than feelings of sadness, figure prominently in this population, suggesting a tendency among Malaysian women toward somatization.
Problems, control, and treatment of fat, oil, and grease (FOG): a review

Husain IA, Alkhatib MF, Jammi MS, Mirghani ME, Bin Zainudin Z, Hoda A

J Oleo Sci, 2014;63(8):747-52.
PMID: 25007744

Presence of fat, oil, and grease (FOG) in wastewater is an ever-growing concern to municipalities and solid-waste facility operators. FOG enters the sewer system from restaurants, residences, and industrial food facilities. Its release into the sewer system results in a continuous build-up that causes eventual blockage of sewer pipes. Several researchers have investigated FOG deposition based on the local conditions of sewers and lifestyle. This paper attempts to review the physical and chemical characteristics of FOG, sources of FOG, and potential chemical and biological reactions of FOG. The effect of the aforementioned factors on the FOG-deposition mechanism is also discussed. Moreover, insight into the current control and treatment methods and potential reuse of FOG is highlighted. It is expected that this review would provide scientists and the concerned authorities a holistic view of the recent researches on FOG control, treatment, and reuse.
Fulltext Isolation of Janthinobacterium lividum from early onset neonatal sepsis patients in Malaysia

Shinkafi SH, Umar S, Neela VK, Noordin SM, Noordin SA, Hudu SA, et al.

Afr Health Sci, 2019 Sep;19(3):2378-2389.
PMID: 32127808 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v19i3.11

Background: The term early onset neonatal septicaemia (EONS) refers to invasive bacterial infections that primarily involve the blood stream of neonates during the first 3 days of life. Although early onset neonatal septicaemia is relatively uncommon, it may be associated with case fatality rates of 15-30% and substantial morbidity in surviving infants.
Objectives: This study describes an unusual septicaemia cases with Janthinobacterium lividum in neonatal Intensive Care Units.
Methods: Bacterial causes of early onset neonatal sepsis in Kuala Lumpur Hospital Malaysia were investigated using broad range 16S rDNA PCR and sequencing. The bacterial DNA was isolated directly from blood without pre-incubation. All samples collected were equally cultured and incubated in automated BACTEC system.
Results: Two hundred and fifty two neonates were recruited in this study with mean (SD) gestational age of 35.9. Neonates with J. lividum infection lacked microbiological evidence of septicaemia as their blood culture yielded no bacterial growth. However, the PCR analysis of these samples yielded 1100bp corresponding to bacteria species.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the value of PCR in detecting bacteria where special growth requirement is involved.
Maternal and neonatal group B streptococcus colonisation: A systematic review and the meta-analysis of matched-pair studies

Lee KW, Yap SF, Murdan S, Zainudin Z, Abdul Hamid H, Emamjomeh M, et al.

Acta Paediatr, 2024 May;113(5):892-911.
PMID: 38351491 DOI: 10.1111/apa.17152

AIM: To determine the prevalence of group B Streptococcus (GBS) carriage among parturient women and neonates, and the relative risk of vertical transmission, the relative risk of early and late-onset GBS and the pooled incidence of early-late-onset GBS infection.
METHODS: A systematic search of relevant cohort studies from three electronic databases to identify all relevant studies published up to 7 November 2022. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analyses.
RESULTS: A total of 54 articles with 355 787 matched pairs of parturient women and neonates from 30 countries were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of GBS colonisation was 17.1% among the pregnant women and 1.0% among neonates. The pooled prevalence of vertical transmission of GBS was 4.5% and the pooled relative risk of GBS colonisation of neonates born to mothers with GBS was 9.9.
CONCLUSION: We support the implementation of targeted intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis for all women who are positive for GBS as well as women with risks factors for early onset GBS in their infants regardless of their GBS colonisation status.