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Effects of using a document holder when typing on head excursion and neck muscle activity among computer users with and without neck pain

Subramaniam A, Singh DKA

Int J Occup Saf Ergon, 2021 Mar;27(1):48-54.
PMID: 30465482 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2018.1543101

Purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of using a document holder while typing on head excursion and neck muscle activity among computer users with and without neck pain. Method. An experimental study including 52 individuals with (n = 26) and without (n = 26) neck pain was conducted. Head excursion and neck muscle activity were measured using an accelerometer and surface electromyography, respectively. Two-way analysis of variance was conducted to examine the effects of using a document holder between computer users with and without neck pain. Results. The results demonstrated a decrease in head excursion (p

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles*
Fulltext Simulation of passive exotendon assistive device for agricultural harvesting task

Chan YS, Teo YX, Gouwanda D, Nurzaman SG, Gopalai AA

Phys Eng Sci Med, 2023 Dec;46(4):1375-1386.
PMID: 37493930 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01305-9

This study proposes and investigates the feasibility of the passive assistive device to assist agricultural harvesting task and reduce the Musculoskeletal Disorder (MSD) risk of harvesters using computational musculoskeletal modelling and simulations. Several passive assistive devices comprised of elastic exotendon, which acts in parallel with different back muscles (rectus abdominis, longissimus, and iliocostalis), were designed and modelled. These passive assistive devices were integrated individually into the musculoskeletal model to provide passive support for the harvesting task. The muscle activation, muscle force, and joint moment were computed with biomechanical simulations for unassisted and assisted motions. The simulation results demonstrated that passive assistive devices reduced muscle activation, muscle force, and joint moment, particularly when the devices were attached to the iliocostalis and rectus abdominis. It was also discovered that assisting the longissimus muscle can alleviate the workload by distributing a portion of it to the rectus abdominis. The findings in this study support the feasibility of adopting passive assistive devices to reduce the MSD risk of the harvesters during agricultural harvesting. These findings can provide valuable insights to the engineers and designers of physical assistive devices on which muscle(s) to assist during agricultural harvesting.

Matched MeSH terms: Back Muscles*
Investigation of the EMG activity of erector spinae and trapezius muscles during Islamic prayer (Salat)

Rabbi MF, Ghazali KH, Mohd II, Alqahtani M, Altwijri O, Ahamed NU

J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2018;31(6):1097-1104.
PMID: 29945343 DOI: 10.3233/BMR-170988

This study aimed to investigate the electrical activity of two muscles located at the dorsal surface during Islamic prayer (Salat). Specifically, the electromyography (EMG) activity of the erector spinae and trapezius muscles during four positions observed while performing Salat, namely standing, bowing, sitting and prostration, were investigated. Seven adult subjects with an average age of 28.1 (± 3.8) years were included in the study. EMG data were obtained from their trapezius and erector spinae muscles while the subjects maintained the specific positions of Salat. The EMG signal was analysed using time and frequency domain features. The results indicate that the trapezius muscle remains relaxed during the standing and sitting positions while the erector spinae muscle remains contracted during these two positions. Additionally, during the bowing and prostration positions of Salat, these two muscles exhibit the opposite activities: the trapezius muscle remains contracted while the erector spinae muscle remains relaxed. Overall, both muscles maintain a balance in terms of contraction and relaxation during bowing and prostration position. The irregularity of the neuro-muscular signal might cause pain and prevent Muslims from performing their obligatory prayer. This study will aid the accurate understanding of how the back muscles respond in specific postures during Salat.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles/physiology*
Fulltext Effect of latent myofascial trigger points on strength measurements of the upper trapezius: a case-controlled trial

Doraisamy MA, Anshul

Physiother Can, 2011;63(4):405-9.
PMID: 22942517 DOI: 10.3138/ptc.2010-27

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article was to determine whether strength is altered in the upper trapezius in the presence of latent myofascial trigger points (MTrP).
METHODS: This study was case controlled and used convenience sampling. The sample recruited was homogeneous with respect to age, sex, height, and body mass. Participants were assessed for the presence of latent MTrP in the upper trapezius and placed into two groups: an experimental group that had latent MTrP in the upper trapezius and a control group that did not. Eighteen women (mean age 21.4 y, SD 1.89; mean height 156.9 cm, SD 4.03; and mean body mass 51.7 kg, SD 5.84) made up the experimental group, and 19 women (mean age 20.3 y, SD 1.86; mean height 158.6 cm, SD 3.14; and mean body mass 53.2 kg, SD 5.17) made up the control group. We obtained strength measurements of the non-dominant arm using a handheld dynamometer and compared them between the two groups.
RESULTS: The difference in the strength measurements between the two groups was not statistically significant (p=0.59).
CONCLUSIONS: The presence of latent MTrPs may not affect the strength of the upper trapezius.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext Trapezius Rotational Flap for Cervico-thoracic Wound Breakdown in Post-radiotherapy Necrosis : A Case Report

Ariffin M, Lloyd S, Rhani S, Kamalnizat, Baharudin A

Malays Orthop J, 2014 Jul;8(2):40-2.
PMID: 25279091 DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1407.001

The management of post-radiation wound breakdown over the posterior cervico thoracic region can be a challenging task for a surgeon. The aim of the treatment is to produce a well vascularized and a low tensile flap which will close a large defect. We describe the use of the lower trapezius flap to reconstruct the wound breakdown and to obtain stable tissue coverage in a patient with postradiation necrosis. This flap minimizes the disruption of the scapula-thoracic function while preserving the range of movement over the shoulder. From the literature review, it was noted that the dorsal scapular artery (DSA) and transverse cervical artery (TCA) aid in the blood supply to the trapezius muscle and prevent local necrosis during rotation of the flap. The trapezius flap is widely accepted because of the minor donor site morbidity, large arc of rotation and adequate blood supply.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext Clinical assessment and grading of back pain in horses

Mayaki AM, Abdul Razak IS, Adzahan NM, Mazlan M, Rasedee A

J Vet Sci, 2020 Nov;21(6):e82.
PMID: 33263229 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e82

BACKGROUND: The clinical presentation of horses with back pain (BP) vary considerably with most horse's willingness to take part in athletic or riding purpose becoming impossible. However, there are some clinical features that are directly responsible for the loss or failure of performance.
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical features of the thoracolumbar region associated with BP in horses and to use some of the clinical features to classify equine BP.
METHODS: Twenty-four horses comprised of 14 with BP and 10 apparently healthy horses were assessed for clinical abnormality that best differentiate BP from normal horses. The horses were then graded (0-5) using the degree of pain response, muscular hypertonicity, thoracolumbar joint stiffness and overall physical dysfunction of the horse.
RESULTS: The common clinical features that significantly differentiate horses with BP from non-BP were longissimus dorsi spasm at palpation (78.6%), paravertebral muscle stiffness (64.3%), resist lateral bending (64.3%), and poor hindlimb impulsion (85.7%). There were significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores for pain response to palpation, muscular hypertonicity, thoracolumbar joint stiffness and physical dysfunction among horses with BP in relation to non-BP. A significant relationship exists between all the graded abnormalities. Based on the cumulative score, horses with BP were categorized into mild, mild-moderate, moderate and severe cases.
CONCLUSIONS: BP in horse can be differentiated by severity of pain response to back palpation, back muscle hypertonicity, thoracolumbar joint stiffness, physical dysfunctions and their cumulative grading score is useful in the assessment and categorization of BP in horses.

Matched MeSH terms: Back Muscles
Ergonomics analysis of muscle activity of workers in a metal stamping industry

Md Fuad Bahari, Abdul Rahman Omar1, Darius Gnanaraj Solomon, Nor Hayati Saad, Isa Halim

Scientific Research Journal, 2006;3(2):31-44.
MyJurnal

Occupational health is considered as a crucial element in almost every Small
and Medium Industries (SMIs) and it is believed to be one of vital challenges
that can influence productivity and competitiveness. It has been known that
the metal stamping industry involved a lot of materials handling tasks such as
carrying stamped parts from machine to packaging section, transferring moulds
from tools store to machines, sorting the finished products and others.
Appropriate materials handling equipments are not often provided in SMIs
because of the limitation of capital and lack of ergonomics awareness. The
workers have to handle the materials and goods manually. These practices
may lead to occupational injuries particularly back pain and musculoskeletal
injuries. The objectives of the research are to assess and analyze the muscles
activity of workers in metal stamping industry. Three male workers who
performed metal stamping process using manual technique were participated
in the research. Ergonomic assessment associated with Surface
Electromyography (SEMG) was used to capture and interpret the data related
to muscles activity at before and after the ergonomic intervention. For the
purpose of muscle activity assessment, SEMG electrodes were attached to eight
critical muscles: deltoid muscle-medial part (left), deltoid muscle-medial part
(right), trapezius muscle (left), trapezius muscle (right), erector spinae muscle
(left), erector spinae muscle (right), gastrocnemius muscle (left) and

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext Trapezius rotational flap for cervico-thoracic wound breakdown in post-radiotherapy necrosis: a case report

Ariffin, M. H., Selvyn Lloyd, Rhani, S. A., Kamalnizat, Baharudin, A.

Malays Orthop J, 2014;8(2):40-42.
MyJurnal

The management of post-radiation wound breakdown over the posterior cervico thoracic region can be a challenging task for a surgeon. The aim of the treatment is to produce a well vascularized and a low tensile flap which will close a large defect. We describe the use of the lower trapezius flap to reconstruct the wound breakdown and to obtain stable tissue coverage in a patient with post- radiation necrosis. This flap minimizes the disruption of the scapula-thoracic function while preserving the range of movement over the shoulder. From the literature review, it was noted that the dorsal scapular artery (DSA) and transverse cervical artery (TCA) aid in the blood supply to the trapezius muscle and prevent local necrosis during rotation of the flap. The trapezius flap is widely accepted because of the minor donor site morbidity, large arc of rotation and adequate blood supply.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext Intramuscular haemangioma of the masseter muscle: a case report

Ahmad Sahril Hussin, Nik Azrizie Muhamed, Haryati Husin, Irfan Mohamad

Archives of Orofacial Sciences, 2018;13(1):41-44.
MyJurnal

Intramuscular haemangioma is relatively rare and accounts for less than 1% of all haemangioma.
Most of these tumours occur in the trunk, arms and legs. Only 14% of all intramuscular haemangioma arise
from the head and neck region, with masseter muscle representing the most common site of involvement,
followed by the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. We present a case of a 60-year-old man with a
soft lump in the left cheek. Imaging of the neck showed irregular, dilated enhancing vessels seen in the left
masseter muscle suggestive of intramuscular haemangioma. Excisional biopsy was performed, and
histopathological findings confirmed the diagnosis.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext Irreparable massive rotator cuff tear in a young patient with recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation

Raymond DK Yeak, Peter T Campbell

Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2020;16(3):310-312.
MyJurnal

Combined latissimus dorsi transfer, subscapularis repair and Latarjet surgery is rare and has never been reported. A 35-year-old man with chronic shoulder pain had a long history of instability of his right shoulder. The first episode occurred during a game of touch rugby followed by multiple episodes of subluxation. MRI was done which showed complete tear of the subscapularis anteriorly which was retracted and atrophied indicating a longstanding tear. There was also significant mid substance supraspinatus tendon tear. Patient then underwent two surgeries. The initial sur- gery found the rotator cuff to be irreparable with glenoid bone loss and only acromioplasty with acromioclavicular joint resection were performed. He then had a single stage surgery consisting of latissimus dorsi transfer, Latarjet procedure and subscapularis repair. A two-stage surgery can be avoided, and good results can be obtained provided that the patient undergo correct rehabilitation regime after undergoing a single stage surgery.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext Psychophysical and physiological study of asymmetric lifting and lowering task for Malaysian males

Mirta Widia, Siti Zawiah Md Dawal, NukmanYusoff

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2016;16(20):99-105.
MyJurnal

Extensive research has been carried out over the years to determine the maximum acceptable weight that a worker is capable of lifting in a given situation among the Occidental populations in the Europe and US. At present, there is a scarcity of studies in which lifting frequency is used as the measuring variable, especially in developing countries such as Malaysia. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effects of lifting loads on the maximum acceptable frequency limit (MAFL), physiological response (muscle activity) and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for asymmetric lifting and lowering tasks of Malaysian males.Ten male subjects are recruited in this study and they perform asymmetric lifting and lowering tasks repetitively for 30 minutes. Two lifting loads are considered (1) 1 kg and (2) 5 kg. Each of the subjects adjusts his frequency of lifting using a psychophysical approach. The subjects are instructed to perform the lifting and lowering task as fast as they could over duration of 30 minutes without exhausting themselves or becoming overheated. Electromyography (EMG) signals are recorded from four muscles (Right Erector Spinae (RES), Left Erector Spinae (LES), Right Trapezius p Descendenz (RTD) and Left Trapezius p Descendenz (LTD) and analysed in terms of the normalized MVC during asymmetric lifting and lowering tasks. The ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) for four body parts (arms, lower back, shoulders and entire body) are also collected after the subjects have completed the lifting and lowering task. The mean frequency of the lifting and lowering task obtained from the experiment is 13.41 and 9.66 times/minute for a lifting load of 1 and 5 kg, respectively. The results of the independent sample t-test show that load has a statistically significant effect on the maximum acceptable frequency limit (p < 0.05). However, it is found that even though there is an increase in muscle activity and RPE with an increase in lifting load, there is no significant difference in the overall mean muscle activity and RPE (p > 0.05). The percentage decrease in the maximum acceptable frequency for Malaysian males is higher than the Occidental populations for both of the loads investigated in this study.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext A New Technique for Solving Tightrope Cutout during Acromioclavicular Joint Fixation: A Case Report

Ng BW, Abdullah AF, Nadarajah S

Malays Orthop J, 2017 Mar;11(1):57-59.
PMID: 28435576 MyJurnal DOI: 10.5704/MOJ.1703.003

Acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dissociation is one of the common injuries affecting adults. The stability of ACJ largely depends on the integrity of acromioclavicular ligament, coracoclavicular ligament, capsule, trapezius muscle and deltoid muscle. The injury has been classified by Rockwood into six types and treatment options can be guided by the classification. TightRope fixation is one of the many surgical procedures available to address acromioclavicular joint separation. It consists of tensioning of a no. 5 Fibrewire suture secured at both ends to low-profile metallic buttons. Despite various advantages of using this technique, complications such as suture cut-out, clavicle fracture and suture failure have been documented. The author presents a case of a type III acromioclavicular joint dissociation treated with TightRope which suture cutout was noted intra-operatively. Decision to amend the fixation using a cut one-third tubular plate as an additional anchor for the metallic button on the clavicle was made. Patient's progress was evaluated using the University of California at Los Angeles Shoulder Score (UCLA Shoulder Score) and significant improvement was noted six months post operatively. We propose this technique as a solution to the encountered problem.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext The impact of dry needling on patients with neck pain in a tertiary hospital

Ho, S.E., Loong, S., Fatin Nur Laily R., Wan Nur Aizzati M., Muhammad Firdaus I.Z., Ho, Christopher C.K., et al.

Journal of Surgical Academia, 2015;5(1):44-50.
MyJurnal

Neck pain presents as a symptom of dull pain or discomfort mainly along the trapezius muscle. Dry needling is an invasive procedure which uses acupuncture needle directed at myofascial trigger points. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of dry needling in managing patients with neck pain. A pre-test-post-test interventional study design was used. Patient education package was provided to 32 respondents who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. A 13-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) questionnaire was used to assess Rumination, Magnification and Helplessness. Subjective pain intensity was measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). These questionnaires were given before and after the dry needling intervention. The findings reported that respondents scored high in pre-test total PCS score (27.41±13.652). Post-test result revealed a significant improvement in total PCS score (23.06±13.938) (p = 0.000). Post-test VAS score (4.78±1.237) was also significantly better than pre-test (6.47±1.414) (p = 0.000). There was no significant difference in pre-test PCS in terms of marital status (p > 0.05) whereas there was significant difference between marital status and rumination in post-test (Z = -2.303, p = 0.021). There was significant difference between pre-test magnification in terms of respondents’ occupation (p = 0.008) and race (p = 0.035) but no significant difference in post-test. Respondents’ age group showed no significant differences between pre-test and post-test PCS and VAS (p > 0.05). In conclusion, patients who received dry needling showed improvement in pain intensity and catastrophizing towards neck pain.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext Staged Surgery for Severe Soft Tissue and Bone Loss of the Knee

Chan, C.K., Goh, J.H., Ng, W.M., Kwan, M.K., Merican, A.M., Soong, K.L.

Malays Orthop J, 2010;4(2):40-43.
MyJurnal

A 20- year-old female student was involved in a motor vehicle accident. She sustained a severe friction injury to the left knee that resulted in considerable soft tissue and bone loss. There was also damage to the knee extensor mechanism, tibialis anterior muscle, femoral trochlea, the anterior half of the tibial plateau extending distally to the proximal tibia and skin. However, there was no crushing of the limb or resultant neurovascular deficit but cancellous bone and the remainder of the joint were exposed. Repeated surgical debridement was performed and was followed by covering of the soft tissue using a latissimus dorsi free flap and skin grafts. The bony defect was reconstituted with antibiotic bone cement to prevent flap adherence and shrinkage, enhance stability and prevent fracture. The cement was later removed at the time of arthrodesis at which time an ipsilateral double barrel vascularised fibular graft supplemented with autogenously cancellous bone and a ring fixator was used. Computer tomography confirmed union at three months post procedure. The fixator was then removed and a tibialis posterior transfer was performed.

Matched MeSH terms: Superficial Back Muscles
Fulltext A study protocol: spinal morphology, physical performance, quality of life and biochemical markers in adults at risk of osteoporotic fractures

Chua, S.K., Singh, Devinder K.A., Rajaratnam, B.S., Mokhtar, Sabarul A., Sridharan, R., Gan, K.B., et al.

Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, 2017;25(4):1123-1134.
MyJurnal

Older adults are at risk of osteoporotic fractures. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are associated with a reduced cross-sectional area and muscle strength of the back extensor muscles, increased intramuscular fat infiltration and thoracic and lumbar curvature alterations. This study proposed a protocol to examine in more detail the contributions of altered spinal morphological, physical performance and biochemical markers to the risk of developing osteoporotic vertebral fractures. In this cross-sectional study, we plan to recruit 100 adults aged 50 years and above from an orthopaedic clinic, Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. The fracture prediction tool (FRAX) will be used to categorise high and low risk groups. Back muscle strength will be quantified using a load cell system. Thoracolumbar curvatures will be examined using an electromagnetic tracking system and intramuscular fat infiltration in the lumbar muscles will be measured using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. The Short Physical Performance Battery and JAMA dynamometer will quantify physical performance and the European Quality of Life Questionnaire will be used to assess self-perceived quality of life. Biochemical markers of serum C terminal telopeptide and N terminal propeptide of type I procollagen will be assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays kit. A spine-specific model using regression analysis will be developed to predict osteoporotic vertebral fractures using the measured parameters in the present study.

Matched MeSH terms: Back Muscles

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