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  1. Fulltext Perceptions of Stalking: Examining Perceivers' Country of Origin, Perpetrator-Target Prior Relationship, and the Mediating Effect of Victim Responsibility
    Chung KL, Sheridan L
    J Interpers Violence, 2022 Nov;37(21-22):NP19644-NP19663.
    PMID: 34490815 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211042601
    Research in stalking perceptions has shown certain relational biases, in which people tend to view ex-partner stalkers to be less dangerous than stranger or acquaintance stalkers. These findings are in direct contrast to those of real-life cases whereby ex-partner stalkers pose a greater threat. In addition, although stalking is recognized as a global social problem, most studies have been based on samples drawn from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic countries. The current study examined whether the prior relationship between the stalking perpetrator and target influences people's perceptions of stalking and whether cross-national differences exist between participants based in Malaysia (where there is currently no law that criminalizes stalking) and England (where stalking has been outlawed since 1997). In a 3 × 2 between-subjects design, 294 Malaysian participants and 170 English participants were presented with a vignette describing a stalking scenario in which the perpetrator was depicted as a stranger, acquaintance, or ex-partner. Participants judged the extent to which the perpetrator's behavior constitutes stalking; necessitates police intervention; would cause the victim alarm or personal distress; would cause the victim to fear the use of violence; and can be attributed to encouragement on the part of the victim. Results showed that typical relational biases existed in both samples, but Malaysian participants were less likely than their English counterparts to label any harassing scenario as serious. Perceptions of victim responsibility were found to mediate the effect of prior relationship and nationality on participants' perceptions. The findings point to the urgency of better cross-cultural understanding of harassment behavior as well as legislations against stalking.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims*
  2. Unmasking domestic violence: Examining victim and perpetrator characteristics and injury patterns in Kuching, Sarawak
    Chew KS, Wong SSL, Siew KL, Kandasamy V
    Med J Malaysia, 2024 Mar;79(2):128-132.
    PMID: 38553915
    INTRODUCTION: Domestic violence (DV) is a pervasive social and public health issue affecting millions globally, regardless of age, gender or socioeconomic background. Understanding victim and perpetrators' characteristics as well as the DV injury patterns are essential for developing targeted interventions and prevention strategies. Although past DV studies have often focused on female victims, it is increasingly recognised that DV affects a significant proportion of male victims as well. This study aimed to comprehensively examine both male and female DV victims and perpetrators, as well as the anatomical regions affected in DV cases in Kuching, Sarawak, so that a deeper understanding of DV within this community can be enhanced.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, observational study was conducted from March 2021 to March 2023, involving adult DV victims aged 18 years and above admitted to the One Stop Crisis Center (OSCC) of Sarawak General Hospital. Data were collected from the OSCC clerking sheet, focusing on the victims, perpetrators and the violence characteristics.

    RESULTS: A total of 133 DV victims were analysed, with 25.6% being male victims. Although majority of the perpetrators in cases involving male victims were male perpetrators, there was a significantly higher number of female perpetrators in these male DV cases (i.e., 5 out of 34 cases,14.7%) compared to in female DV cases (4 out of 99 cases, 4.0%) (p = 0.05). The commonest type of relationship between the victims and perpetrators was spouses or ex-spouses (56.4%). Male victims had more cases involving weapons (67.6%) compared to female victims (26.3%), p < 0.001. The most affected anatomical region was the head and neck (63.9%) region although no significant differences were observed.

    CONCLUSION: The study reveals that DV affects individuals across all societal classes and income groups. Although weapons were used more frequently in male DV cases, other injury characteristics and affected anatomical regions were not significantly different between genders, suggesting female perpetrators can inflict similar injuries as male perpetrators. Subgroup analysis showed that the majority of male victims faced abuse from their children or grandchildren, hinting at hidden geriatric abuse, that should be unmasked and treated as a separate entity.

    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims*
  3. Fulltext Bullying and Its Associated Individual, Peer, Family and School Factors: Evidence from Malaysian National Secondary School Students
    Sabramani V, Idris IB, Ismail H, Nadarajaw T, Zakaria E, Kamaluddin MR
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 Jul 05;18(13).
    PMID: 34281145 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137208
    Adolescents involved in bullying can be at risk of developing behavioural problems, physical health problems and suicidal ideation. In view of this, a quantitative research design using a cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bullying and associated individual, peer, family and school factors. The study involved 4469 Malaysian public-school students who made up the response rate of 89.4%. The students were selected using a randomized multilevel sampling method. The study found that 79.1% of student respondents were involved in bullying as perpetrators (14.4%), victims (16.3%), or bully-victims (48.4%). In a multivariate analysis, the individual domain showed a significant association between students' bullying involvement and age (OR = 1.38; 95% CI 1.12-1.70), gender (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.47-0.91), ethnicity (OR = 0.66; 95% CI 0.47-0.91), duration of time spent on social media during the weekends (OR = 1.43; 95% CI 1.09-1.87) and psychological distress level (OR = 2.55; 95% CI 1.94-3.34). In the peer domain, the significantly associated factors were the number of peers (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.56-0.86) and frequency of quarrels or fights with peers (OR = 2.12; 95% CI 1.24-3.26). Among the items in the school domain, the significantly associated factors were students being mischievous in classrooms (OR = 1.52; 95% CI 1.06-2.06), student's affection towards their teachers (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.06-2.20), frequency of appraisal from teachers (OR = 1.49; 95% CI 1.16-1.94), frequency of friends being helpful in classrooms (OR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.09-3.38) and frequency of deliberately skipping class (OR = 2.91; 95% CI 2.90-1.72). As a conclusion, the study revealed high levels and widespread bullying involvement among students in Malaysia. As such, timely bullying preventions and interventions are essential, especially in terms of enhancing their mental health capacity, which substantially influences the reduction in the prevalence rates of bullying involvement among students in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims*
  4. Victims' barriers to discussing domestic violence in clinical consultations: a qualitative enquiry
    Othman S, Goddard C, Piterman L
    J Interpers Violence, 2014 May;29(8):1497-513.
    PMID: 24323695 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513507136
    Victims of domestic violence frequently attend health care facilities. In many cases, their abusive experience is neither disclosed nor discussed during clinical consultations. This study examined the barriers faced by women when discussing abuse with health care providers, specifically in cases involving Malaysian women with a history of domestic violence. A qualitative study using in-depth interviews was conducted with 10 women with a history of domestic violence residing at a shelter. Purposive sampling was conducted until data saturation. Using the grounded theory approach of analysis, themes that emerged from these interviews were then further analyzed to examine the barriers faced by these women. Women who experienced domestic violence faced multiple barriers while discussing their accounts of abuse with others. Values placed on the privacy of domestic violence; upholding the traditional gender roles; preserving the family unity; minimizing the abuse, the feeling of shame, self-blame; and fearing their abuser generally create internal barriers when discussing their encounters of abuse with health care providers. The perceived unknown role of health care professionals when dealing with patients experiencing domestic violence as well as the previous negative experiences in clinical consultations acted as external barriers for discussing abuse with health care providers. Women with domestic violence experiences faced internal and external barriers to discussing their abuse during clinical consultations. Physicians and health care providers must consider domestic violence in consultations with female patients. A good doctor-patient relationship that encompasses empathy, confidence, trust, support, assurance, confidentiality, and guidance can help patients with abusive backgrounds overcome these barriers, leading to the disclosure and discussion of their abusive encounters. Proper education, guidelines, and support for health care providers are required to help them assist women with histories of domestic violence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims/psychology*
  5. Individual antecedents of workplace victimisation: The role of negative affect, personality and self-esteem in junior doctors' exposure to bullying at work
    Samsudin EZ, Isahak M, Rampal S, Rosnah I, Zakaria MI
    Int J Health Plann Manage, 2020 Sep;35(5):1065-1082.
    PMID: 32468617 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.2985
    Previous studies have indicated that junior doctors commonly experience workplace bullying and that it may adversely impact medical training and delivery of quality healthcare. Yet, evidence on the precursors of bullying among them remains elusive. Drawing on the individual-disposition hypothesis, the present paper examined the relationships of negative affect, personality and self-esteem with workplace bullying among junior doctors. Multilevel analysis of a universal sample (n = 1074) of junior doctors working in the central zone of Malaysia using mixed effects logistic regression was performed. The results indicate that participants with moderate (AOR 4.40, 95% CI 2.20-8.77) and high degree (AOR 13.69, 95% CI 6.46-29.02) of negative affect as well as high degree of neuroticism (AOR 2.99, 95% CI 1.71-5.21) have higher odds of being bullied compared to their counterparts. The findings present evidence that individual traits are associated with junior doctors' exposure to bullying. While victim blaming should be avoided, this suggest that antibullying measures with an interpersonal focus should be considered when developing antibullying initiatives targeted at junior doctors. This includes primary intervention such as cognitive training, secondary interventions such as resource enhancement building and conflict management skills training, and tertiary interventions such as counselling.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims/psychology*
  6. Fulltext Predisposing Factors and Impact of Child Victimization: A Qualitative Study
    Wahid Satar SNA, Norhayati MN, Sulaiman Z, Othman A, Yaacob LH, Nik Hazlina NH
    Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2021 09 05;18(17).
    PMID: 34501964 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18179373
    Sexual abuse of children is increasing at an alarming rate. This study aims to describe the risk factors and the effects of sexual abuse on children. This unobtrusive qualitative study was conducted on children aged 10 to 18 years old who experienced sexual abuse and followed-up at a psychiatric clinic between the years 2019 and 2021. The information from case records was transcribed. Thematic analysis was performed. Thirty case records were reviewed. The mean age of the victims was 14.6 years; 94% of the victims had experienced vaginal penetration, and 23% of the cases involved incest. The results indicated that socio-psychological predisposing factors involving family structure and dynamic dysfunction, low intrapersonal strength, social influence, and low family socioeconomic status could lead to sexual victimization. This sexual victimization can then lead to emotional turmoil, negative effects on cognitive, academic and social function, negative parental reactions toward the incident, the creation of baby-mother relationships and love-hate relationships, and a lack of goals and hope for the future. Children who experienced sexual abuse may show rape or pregnancy symptoms but may also show entirely non-specific ones. A thorough examination of their history, including biopsychosocial aspects, is necessary to appropriately care for them.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims*
  7. Victimization experiences of adolescents in Malaysia
    Choo WY, Dunne MP, Marret MJ, Fleming M, Wong YL
    J Adolesc Health, 2011 Dec;49(6):627-34.
    PMID: 22098774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.04.020
    There has been little community-based research regarding multiple-type victimization experiences of young people in Asia, and none in Malaysia. This study aimed to estimate prevalence, explore gender differences, as well as describe typical perpetrators and family and social risk factors among Malaysian adolescents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims/classification*; Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data
  8. Normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator of narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying
    Ang RP, Tan KA, Talib Mansor A
    J Interpers Violence, 2011 Sep;26(13):2619-34.
    PMID: 21156699 DOI: 10.1177/0886260510388286
    The current study examined normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator between narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying using two Asian adolescent samples from Singapore and Malaysia. Narcissistic exploitativeness was significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying and normative beliefs about aggression and normative beliefs about aggression were significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying. Normative beliefs about aggression were a significant partial mediator in both samples; these beliefs about aggression served as one possible mechanism of action by which narcissistic exploitativeness could exert its influence on cyberbullying. Findings extended previous empirical research by showing that such beliefs can be the mechanism of action not only in offline but also in online contexts and across cultures. Cyberbullying prevention and intervention efforts should include modification of norms and beliefs supportive of the legitimacy and acceptability of cyberbullying.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims/psychology*; Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data
  9. When Might Heterosexual Men Be Passive or Compassionate Toward Gay Victims of Hate Crime? Integrating the Bystander and Social Loafing Explanations
    Owuamalam CK, Matos AS
    Arch Sex Behav, 2020 07;49(5):1693-1709.
    PMID: 31863317 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-019-01592-y
    Compassionate feelings for people who are victimized because of their perceived sexual deviance (e.g., gay men) may be incompatible with support for heterosexual norms among heterosexual men. But, indifference (or passivity) toward such victims could raise concern over heterosexual men's gay-tolerance attitude. Two classic social psychological theories offer competing explanations on when heterosexual men might be passive or compassionate toward gay victims of hate crime. The bystander model proposes passivity toward victims in an emergency situation if other bystanders are similarly passive, but compassionate reactions if bystanders are responsive to the victims. Conversely, the social loafing model proposes compassionate reactions toward victims when bystanders are passive, but passivity when other bystanders are already responsive toward the victims' predicament. We tested and found supportive evidence for both models across two experiments (Ntotal = 501) in which passivity and compassionate reactions to gay victims of a purported hate crime were recorded after heterosexual men's concern for social evaluation was either accentuated or relaxed. We found that the bystander explanation was visible only when the potential for social evaluation was strong, while the social loafing account occurred only when the potential for social evaluation was relaxed. Hence, we unite both models by showing that the bystander explanation prevails in situations where cues to social evaluation are strong, whereas the social loafing effect operates when concern over social judgement is somewhat muted.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims
  10. Fulltext "I feel it is not enough…" Health providers' perspectives on services for victims of intimate partner violence in Malaysia
    Colombini M, Mayhew S, Ali SH, Shuib R, Watts C
    BMC Health Serv Res, 2013;13:65.
    PMID: 23419141 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-13-65
    This study explores the views and attitudes of health providers in Malaysia towards intimate partner violence (IPV) and abused women and considers whether and how their views affect the provision or quality of services. The impact of provider attitudes on the provision of services for women experiencing violence is particularly important to understand since there is a need to ensure that these women are not re-victimised by the health sector, but are treated sensitively.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims*
  11. Risk Factors for Social Networking Site Scam Victimization Among Malaysian Students
    Kirwan GH, Fullwood C, Rooney B
    Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw, 2018 Feb;21(2):123-128.
    PMID: 29048944 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2016.0714
    Social networking sites (SNSs) can provide cybercriminals with various opportunities, including gathering of user data and login credentials to enable fraud, and directing of users toward online locations that may install malware onto their devices. The techniques employed by such cybercriminals can include clickbait (text or video), advertisement of nonexistent but potentially desirable products, and hoax competitions/giveaways. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with falling victim to these malicious techniques. An online survey was completed by 295 Malaysian undergraduate students, finding that more than one-third had fallen victim to SNS scams. Logistic regression analysis identified several victimization risk factors including having higher scores in impulsivity (specifically cognitive complexity), using fewer devices for SNSs, and having been on an SNS for a longer duration. No reliable model was found for vulnerability to hoax valuable gift giveaways and "friend view application" advertising specifically, but vulnerability to video clickbait was predicted by lower extraversion scores, higher levels of openness to experience, using fewer devices, and being on an SNS for a longer duration. Other personality traits were not associated with either overall victimization susceptibility or increased risk of falling victim to the specific techniques. However, age approached significance within both the video clickbait and overall victimization models. These findings suggest that routine activity theory may be particularly beneficial in understanding and preventing SNSs scam victimization.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims/psychology*
  12. Alternative models of DSM-5 PTSD: Examining diagnostic implications
    Murphy S, Hansen M, Elklit A, Yong Chen Y, Raudzah Ghazali S, Shevlin M
    Psychiatry Res, 2018 04;262:378-383.
    PMID: 28917443 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.011
    The factor structure of DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been extensively debated with evidence supporting the recently proposed seven-factor Hybrid model. However, despite myriad studies examining PTSD symptom structure few have assessed the diagnostic implications of these proposed models. This study aimed to generate PTSD prevalence estimates derived from the 7 alternative factor models and assess whether pre-established risk factors associated with PTSD (e.g., transportation accidents and sexual victimisation) produce consistent risk estimates. Seven alternative models were estimated within a confirmatory factor analytic framework using the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Data were analysed from a Malaysian adolescent community sample (n = 481) of which 61.7% were female, with a mean age of 17.03 years. The results indicated that all models provided satisfactory model fit with statistical superiority for the Externalising Behaviours and seven-factor Hybrid models. The PTSD prevalence estimates varied substantially ranging from 21.8% for the DSM-5 model to 10.0% for the Hybrid model. Estimates of risk associated with PTSD were inconsistent across the alternative models, with substantial variation emerging for sexual victimisation. These findings have important implications for research and practice and highlight that more research attention is needed to examine the diagnostic implications emerging from the alternative models of PTSD.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims/psychology*
  13. The Scale of Sexual Aggression in Southeast Asia: A Review
    Winzer L, Krahé B, Guest P
    Trauma Violence Abuse, 2019 12;20(5):595-612.
    PMID: 29333964 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017725312
    Southeast Asia is one of the most dynamic regions in the world. It is experiencing rapid socioeconomic change that may influence the level of sexual aggression, but data on the scale of sexual aggression in the region remain sparse. The aim of the present article was to systematically review the findings of studies available in English on the prevalence of self-reported sexual aggression and victimization among women and men above the age of 12 years in the 11 countries of Southeast Asia (Brunei, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam). Based on four scientific databases, the search engine Google, Opengrey database, and reference checking, 49 studies were found on sexual victimization. Of those, 32 included only women. Self-reported perpetration was assessed by only three studies and included all-male samples. Prevalence rates varied widely across studies but showed that sexual victimization was widespread among different social groups, irrespective of sex and sexual orientation. Methodological heterogeneity, lack of representativeness of samples, imbalance of information available by country, missing information within studies, and cultural differences hampered the comparability between and within countries. There is a need for operationalizations that specifically address sexual aggression occurring after the age of consent, based on detailed behavioral descriptions of unwanted sexual experiences and allied to a qualitative approach with cultural sensitivity. Data on sexual aggression in conflict settings and in human trafficking are also limited. Recommendations for future research are presented in the discussion.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims/statistics & numerical data
  14. Consequences of Elder Abuse and Neglect: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies
    Yunus RM, Hairi NN, Choo WY
    Trauma Violence Abuse, 2019 04;20(2):197-213.
    PMID: 29333999 DOI: 10.1177/1524838017692798
    This article presents the results of a systematic review of the consequences of elder abuse and neglect (EAN). A systematic search was conducted in seven electronic databases and three sources of gray literature up to January 8, 2016, supplemented by scanning of citation lists in relevant articles and contact with field experts. All observational studies investigating elder abuse as a risk factor for adverse health outcomes, mortality, and health-care utilization were included. Of 517 articles initially captured, 19 articles met our inclusion criteria and were analyzed. Two reviewers independently performed abstract screening, full-texts appraisal, and quality assessment using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Across 19 studies, methodological heterogeneity was a prominent feature; seven definitions of EAN and nine measurement tools for abuse were employed. Summary of results reveals a wide range of EAN outcomes, from premature mortality to increased health-care consumption and various forms of physical and psychological symptoms. Higher risks of mortality emerged as the most credible outcome, while the majority of morbidity outcomes originated from cross-sectional studies. Our findings suggest that there is an underrepresentation of older adults from non-Western populations and developing countries, and there is a need for more population-based prospective studies in middle- and low-income regions. Evidence gathered from this review is crucial in upgrading current practices, formulating policies, and shaping the future direction of research.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims*
  15. Victimization After Meeting With Online Acquaintances: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Adolescents in Malaysia
    Marret MJ, Choo WY
    J Interpers Violence, 2018 08;33(15):2352-2378.
    PMID: 26787607 DOI: 10.1177/0886260515625502
    This study aimed to determine contact and privacy risks encountered by Malaysian adolescents with access to the Internet and mobile phones and factors associated with face-to-face meetings with online acquaintances as well as to estimate the prevalence of subsequent victimization. Secondary school students from randomly selected public schools in Selangor and Kuala Lumpur responded to an anonymous self-administered questionnaire (78% response rate). Out of 3,349 Internet or mobile phone users, 51% had been invited to meet offline with an online-meeting acquaintance and 30% complied. Of the 1,005 respondents who went to offline meetings, 55% had meetings with more than six people. Male gender, Malay ethnicity, online access at an Internet café, viewing pornography on the Internet, the absence of parental restrictions on visiting certain website and chat rooms, not being explicitly forbidden to meet strangers encountered online, and disclosure of personal information were significantly associated with increased odds of face-to-face meetings with online acquaintances. Verbal, physical, or sexual assaults were reported by 5.5% of the 1,005 including 13 males and five females who reported forced sexual intercourse. Similarities as well as differences in factors associated with risk-taking behavior compared with adolescents in Western countries have important implications on policy and intervention.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims
  16. Fulltext Leading factors and consequences of the violence against women in Myanmar-hospital based study
    Nang Khin Mya, Aye Aye Wynn, Win Tin, Myo Min
    Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 2019;15(106):42-42.
    MyJurnal
    Introduction: Violence Against Women has increasingly been recognized in the international areas as an obstacle to women’s development and it may have a myriad of devastating consequences on women’s long or short- term health and wellbeing. The study explored the highlight the prevalence and health effects of Violence Against Women which might reflect the probable causes, the types of injuries, leading factors and consequences of the violence. Methods:Hospital based case study, which was referred to forensic department, Mandalay General Hospital from 1st Jan 2000 to 30th Sept 2000. Personal interview and medical examination of 50-100 victims, girls & women, who were phys-ically and sexually violated was done. Results: Total 92 patients were interviewed and examined, prevalence of dif-ferent age ranging from 5 to 56, were physically and sexually violated during the study period, 62 patients were phys-ically assaulted, and 30 victims were sexually violated. 20-40 age group is more commonly conflicted by physical violence 69.3%) while 10-20 age group were commonly conflicted by sexual violence (56.6%). Pattern of different types of injury and locations are also recorded as a consequence of physical assault and commonest injury is bruise (47%). Commonest location is injury over head & neck (61.8%). Relationship to perpetrator were recorded, physical assaults were commonly by spouse (39%) while sexual assaults were acquaintance (58%). Events leading to violence at home are recorded as nuclear family and alcohol consumption is more common, fights were most common events in community setting. Conclusion: Violence Against Women is neither prevalent nor uncommon in Myanmar. In this study, all forms of injuries were recorded and among them the commonest injuries were bruises, the event leading to violence recorded as fights, alcohol consumption, nuclear family was most common. Violence has a psychological impact on other members of the family, particularly children. However, a multi-sectoral approach has become a necessity to create a happy family, society and nation. It could be achieved by uplifting the socio-economic status of the family, practising the religious teachings and abiding within the framework of the laws. The Trans-National Committed should be formed to effectively minimize trafficking in women and children in the Region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims
  17. Fulltext APPLICATION OF FIBONACCI SERIES, GOLDEN PROPORTIONS AND GOLDEN RECTANGLE TO HUMAN HAND USING STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
    SUWATYRA LETCHUMANAN, RUWAIDIAH IDRIS
    UMT Journal of Undergraduate Research, 2020;2(4):31-40.
    MyJurnal
    The Greek letter φ (Phi) represents one of the most mysterious numbers (1.618…) known to humankind. Historical approbation for φhas led to the monikers “The Golden Number” or “The Divine Proportion”. This simple, but inscrutable number, is inseparably linked to the recursive mathematical sequence which produces Fibonacci numbers. The study of the Fibonacci sequence exists in most aspects of life starting from the leaves of a non-flowering plant, design, paintings, animals, and even human body. Despite its wide-spread prevalence and existence, the Fibonacci series and also the Rule of Golden Proportions have not been widely documented within the human body. The main objective of this study is to prove that the length of the human hand bone is in step with the Fibonacci series to spot the degree of movement and variation for every finger. Victimization of the sample z test with 95% confidence interval, this analysis shows that just one of the four bone length ratios contained the ratio phi φ within the 95% confidence interval and follow the Fibonacci series, that of the little finger metacarpal and proximal phalanx in both hands. The largest variability was seen within the little finger phalangeal relationships and other fingers will follow mathematical relative series. Due to the relationship with the golden number, it will facilitate in monitoring the individual with an injured hand, especially if injured in small fingers throughout a medical aid, or to identify the cause of the problem of physical functioning of the hands or individual fingers. Hence, it should be helpful for the length of the clenched fist to perform in reconstruction or placement of the prosthesis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims
  18. Fulltext Unfitness to plead among female offenders: when looseness matters
    Loo, Jiann Lin, Eu, Choon Leng, Johari Khamis, Raba'iah Mohd Salleh, Suarn Singh Jasmit Singh
    ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2018;19(1):0-0.
    MyJurnal
    Objective: Pritchard Criteria are adopted in a Malaysian criminal-justice system while assessing fitness to plead. There is limited data on the reason of unfitness to plead for female offenders in Malaysia.

    Methods: A case series of five patients hospitalized to Hospital Bahagia Ulu Kinta, Malaysia due to unfitness to plead was presented and discussed.

    Result: The offences include three homicides, one assault, and one stealing. All of them were diagnosed to have schizophrenia with prominent looseness of association. Four of them subsequently treated as Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia (TRS) with a minimal response toward clozapine.

    Conclusion: Looseness of association may be a contributing factor for unfitness to plead among Malaysian female offenders, which can result in indeterminate hospitalization. This should be confirmed in a larger prospective study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims
  19. Fulltext Buli dalam kalangan pelatih di pusat pemulihan juvana
    Nazirah H, Daniella M
    Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 2018;32:146-164.
    This study investigates bullying and victimisation in juvenile rehabilitation institutions in Malaysia, where research on this phenomenon has been particularly limited. It examines the prevalence of bullying and victimisation in these settings and investigates the role of personal characteristics and aspects of institutional environments, and explores how these factors relate to bullying behaviour. The study comprised a survey completed by 289 male and female young people, aged 12 to 21 years old, in 8 juvenile rehabilitation institutions, using the scale version of Direct and Indirect Prisoner Behaviour Checklist (DIPC-SCALEDr) and the Measuring the Quality of Prison Life (MQPL) instruments. The findings showed that 95 percent of young people reported at least one behaviour indicative of bullying others, and 99 percent reported at least one behaviour indicative of victimisation in a month. Seven predictors were found to underpin bullying behaviour, including three personal characteristics (i.e. time spent in the institution, experiences of punishment inside the institution, and gang membership) and four institutional dimensions (i.e respect; bureaucratic legitimacy; fairness; and family contact). To conclude, bullying behaviour seemed to be normalized in juvenile rehabilitation institutions. As the heart of institution, staff members play an important role to control bullying behaviour amongst young people. The importance of these findings for bullying prevention strategies and directions for future research are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims
  20. The clandestine multiple graves in Malaysia: The first mass identification operation of human skeletal remains
    Mohd Noor MS, Khoo LS, Zamaliana Alias WZ, Hasmi AH, Ibrahim MA, Mahmood MS
    Forensic Sci Int, 2017 Sep;278:410.e1-410.e9.
    PMID: 28698062 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.05.014
    The first ever mass identification operation of skeletal remains conducted for the clandestine graves in Malaysia consisted of 165 individuals unearthed from 28 human trafficking transit camps located in Wang Kelian, along the Thai-Malaysia border. A DVI response was triggered in which expert teams comprising of pathologists, anthropologists, odontologists, radiologists and DNA experts were gathered at the identified operation centre. The Department of Forensic Medicine, Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Star, Kedah, located approximately 75km away from Wang Kelian, was temporarily converted into a victim identification centre (VIC) as it is the nearest available forensic facility to the mass grave site. The mortuary operation was conducted over a period of 3 months from June to September 2015, and was divided into two phases; phase 1 involving the postmortem examination of the remains of 116 suspected individuals and for phase 2 the remains of 49 suspected individuals. The fact that the graves were of unknown individuals afforded the mass identification operation a sufficient duration of 2 weeks as preparatory phase enabling procedurals and daily victim identification workflow to be established, and the setting up of a temporary body storage for the designated mortuary. The temporary body storage has proven to be a significant factor in enabling the successful conclusion of the VIC operation to the final phase of temporary controlled burials. Recognition from two international observers, Mr. Andréas Patiño Umaña, from the International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC) and Prof. Noel Woodford from Victoria Institute of Forensic Medicine (VIFM) had proven the mortuary operation was in compliance to the international quality and standards. The overall victim identification and mortuary operation identified a number of significant challenges, in particular the management of commingled human remains as well as the compilation of postmortem data in the absence of antemortem data for future reconciliation. CF Index in this DVI operation is 9%, indicating the primary identifications in this operation were effective. Limitations and further improvements of the mass identification operation will be discussed. This paper details the planning, preparations and management of the mass identification operation on the exhumed human remains which was also a forensic humanitarian service for the dead with dignity and respect.
    Matched MeSH terms: Crime Victims*
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