Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 33 in total

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  1. Mat Zin AA, Zulkarnain S
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Feb 26;20(2):321-325.
    PMID: 30803189
    Glioma is the commonest primary intracranial tumour and it has been the most predominant tumour in many studies.
    It accounts for 24.7% of all primary brain tumour and 74.6% of malignant brain tumour. Intraoperative diagnosis
    plays a crucial role in determining the patient management. Frozen section has been the established technique in
    providing rapid and accurate intraoperative diagnosis. However due to some disadvantages like ice crystal artefact,
    high expenditure and requirement of skilled technician, there is increase usage of cytology smear either replacing or
    supplementing frozen section technique. The aim of this review is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of cytology
    smear and frozen section in glioma and to see whether there is significant difference between those techniques. The
    overall diagnostic accuracy for frozen section in glioma ranging from 78.4% to 95% while for cytology smear, the
    diagnostic accuracy ranging from 50% to 100%. Based on certain literatures, no statistically difference was observed
    in diagnostic accuracy of cytology smear and frozen section. Thus, cytology smear provides an alternative method in
    establishing intraoperative diagnosis. Both cytology smear and frozen section are complimentary to each other. It is
    recommended to use both techniques to improve the diagnostic accuracy in addition with adequate knowledge, clinical
    history, neuroimaging and intraoperative findings.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis/methods*
  2. Marjmin, O., Rohaizak, M., Naqiyah, I., Imtiaz, H., Hartinie, S.M.
    MyJurnal
    Primary thyroid lymphoma is a rare tumour of the thyroid gland, accounting for 1-2 % of all thyroid malignancies. Diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology occasionally inconclusive, needing bigger biopsy or even thyroidectomy. This study reviews our experience with primary thyroid lymphoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  3. Masir N, Cheong SK, Noordin K
    Hematology, 2001;6(3):187-92.
    PMID: 27420125 DOI: 10.1080/10245332.2001.11746571
    A case of signet-ring cell lymphoma diagnosed initially by fine needle aspiration cytology is reported. This rare tumor is a variant of follicular lymphoma, which closely resembles metastatic adenocarcinoma and other tumors which exhibit signet-ring cell appearance. Correct diagnosis can be achieved by careful morphologic analysis together with positive reactivity with lymphoid markers. The cytohistologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic features are described, and the differ ential diagnostic considerations are discussed in the report.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  4. Nurismah, M.I., Sharifah, N.A., Usama, A.E., Rohaizak, M., Naqiyah, I., Jasmi, A.
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(1):58-65.
    MyJurnal
    Thyroid nodules are common but thyroid malignancies are not. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a diagnostic tool used to screen patients with thyroid nodules who require surgery. We study the diagnostic accuracy of FNA as the initial diagnostic modality in the clinical assessment of thyroid nodules. Between January 1995 until December 2000, 2131 FNA of thyroid nodules were performed. Four hundred and forty-one (20.7%) of these were unsatisfactory and 1690 (79.3%) cases were satisfactory for cytological evaluation. Histopathological diagnosis were available for 361 cases. Cyto-histopathological correlation was carried out  for these cases. Our results showed a diagnostic accuracy of 96.2% with sensitivity and specificity rates of 87.7% and 98.4% res- pectively. Our positive predictive value is  93.4% and our negative  predictive value is 96.8%.  From this study, we conclude that fine needle aspiration is an important initial screening diagnostic tool for the investigation of thyroid nodules.           
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  5. Zhu CZ, Ting HN, Ng KH, Mun KS, Ong TA
    Phys Eng Sci Med, 2024 Mar;47(1):61-71.
    PMID: 37843766 DOI: 10.1007/s13246-023-01341-5
    Many studies have investigated the dielectric properties of human and animal tissues, particularly to differentiate between normal cells and tumors. However, these studies are invasive as tissue samples have to be excised to measure the properties. This study aims to investigate the dielectric properties of urine in relation to bladder cancer, which is safe and non-invasive to patients. 30 healthy subjects and 30 bladder cancer patients were recruited. Their urine samples were subjected to urinalysis and cytology assessment. A vector network analyzer was used to measure the dielectric constant (Ɛ') and loss factor (Ɛ″) at microwave frequencies of between 0.2 and 50 GHz at 25 °C, 30 °C and 37 °C. Significant differences in Ɛ' and Ɛ″ were observed between healthy subjects and patients, especially at frequencies of between 25 and 40 GHz at 25 °C. Bladder cancer patients had significant lower Ɛ' and higher Ɛ″ compared with healthy subjects. The Ɛ' was negatively correlated with urinary exfoliated urothelial cell number, and Ɛ″ was positively correlated. The study achieved a receiver operating characteristic area under curve (ROC-AUC) score of 0.69099 and an optimum accuracy of 75% with a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 70%. The number of exfoliated urothelial cell had significant effect on the dielectric properties, especially in bladder cancer patients. Urinary dielectric properties could potentially be used as a tool to detect bladder cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  6. Wong YP, Vincent James EP, Mohammad Azhar MAA, Krishnamoorthy Y, Zainudin NA, Zamara F, et al.
    Diagn Cytopathol, 2021 Jun;49(6):718-726.
    PMID: 33629823 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24731
    BACKGROUND: The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama reporting system was recently proposed to serve as a standardized diagnostic platform for the cytological interpretation of breast fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). Five cytological categories were suggested, linked to a certain risk of malignancy (ROM). The aim of this study was to assess the potency of this newly proposed reporting guideline, with a review of literatures.

    METHODS: This is a retrospective study over 8-year duration in which all the breast FNABs performed in our institution were recategorized in accordance to the IAC Yokohama reporting system. Kappa coefficient was used to evaluate the agreement between the proposed cytological category and corresponding histological diagnosis, with the level of significance set at 5%. Cyto-histopathological correlation and its diagnostic performance were also assessed.

    RESULTS: A total of 1136 breast FNABs were analyzed, including 31 repeat FNABs. Of these, 521 (47.1%) cases had matched histopathological results. Respective ROM for each category was: "insufficient" 13.6%, "benign" 0.4%, "atypical" 25.0%, "suspicious" 85.7%, and "malignant" 100%. There was substantial agreement (κ=0.757) between cytology and histopathological results. Our data revealed a high-diagnostic specificity, sensitivity, positive and negative predictive value of 99.3% (95% CI: 97.6%-99.9%), 94.2% (95% CI: 87.9%-97.9%), 98.0% (95% CI: 92.5%-99.5%), 98.0% (95% CI: 96.1%-99.1%) respectively when both the "suspicious" and "malignant" cases were considered as positive tests, with area under the curve of 0.993.

    CONCLUSIONS: The IAC Yokohama system is a reliable, evidence-based, and standardized reporting system that helps to facilitate communication among cytopathologists, radiologists, and surgeons toward individualized patient management.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis/methods*; Cytodiagnosis/standards*
  7. Moulin PA, Nivaggioni V, Saut N, Grosdidier C, Bernot D, Baccini V
    Ann. Biol. Clin. (Paris), 2017 Dec 01;75(6):699-702.
    PMID: 29043981 DOI: 10.1684/abc.2017.1291
    Southeast asian ovalocytosis (SAO) is characterized by macro-ovalocytes and ovalo-stomatocytes on blood smear. SAO is common in Malaisia and Papua-New-Guinea where upwards to 40 per cent of the population is affected in some coastal region. Inherited in an autosomal dominant way, illness results from deletion of codons 400-408 in SLC4A1 gene which encodes for band 3 erythrocyte membrane protein. This deletion is responsible for an unusual erythrocyte stiffness and oval shape of the cells on blood smear. Heterozygous carriers are usually asymptomatic whereas homozygous are not viable without an intensive antenatal care. Here, we describe 4 patients diagnosed incidentally by cytogram appearance of the Advia® 2120i (Siemens) representing hemoglobin concentration according to red blood mean cellular volume (GR/VCH).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis/methods; Cytodiagnosis/standards
  8. Yang KF, Leow VM, Hasnan MN, Subramaniam MK
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):127-8.
    PMID: 22582567 MyJurnal
    Hepatic angiosarcoma is a rare primary mesenchymal malignancy. Prognosis is poor and mortality occurs early. The diagnosis is challenging. Our case was an asymptomatic 70 year-old man referred, with incidental ultrasonography finding of multiple liver nodules. Diagnostic laparoscopic liver biopsy and the histopathological examination reported a haemangioma. Six months later, he became symptomatic and his health condition deteriorated rapidly.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  9. Wahab NA, Mohd R, Zainudin S, Kamaruddin NA
    EXCLI J, 2013;12:1-4.
    PMID: 27047312
    Histoplasmosis infection is endemic in Asia and disseminated histoplasmosis (DH) is one form of its presentation (Benevides et al., 2007[1]). DH commonly affects both adrenal glands. We describe a case of disseminated histoplasmosis complicated with hypercalcaemia in a 75-year-old immunosuppressed patient who presented with bilateral adrenal masses. The fine needle aspiration cytology of the adrenal mass was positive for Histoplasma capsulatum.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  10. Wan Muhaizan Wan Mustaffa, Sharifah Noor Akmal Syed Husain
    Medicine & Health, 2006;1(1):75-80.
    MyJurnal
    Fine needle aspiration cytology under radiologic guidance for diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma is well established and is increasingly utilized. This is because renal cell carcinoma displays fairly characteristic cellular features permitting correct cytologic identification. We present a case of a 66-year-old man who had advanced renal cell carcinoma with spread to aortic and cervical lymph nodes, lungs and liver. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the para-aortic mass showed tight clusters of malignant cells with abundant and vacuolated cytoplasm consistent with renal cell carcinoma. Histology of the left cervical lymph nodes together with immunohistochemistry findings were consistent with the cytologic diagnosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The patient succumb to his illness three years after the diagnosis was made.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  11. Rohaizak, M., Aman Fuad, Y., Naqiyah, I., Saladina, J.J., Shahrun Niza, A.S.
    MyJurnal
    Background: Thyroid swelling or goitre is a common condition, either asymptomatic or symptomatic. The
    diagnosis is usually established by ultrasound or fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a gold standard.
    The sensitivity of the test is inversely related to increasing size of the nodule. The objective of this study is
    to evaluate the accuracy of FNAC especially in cases of large goitre.

    Material and methods: This is a
    retrospective study on patients who underwent thyroidectomy between January 2000 to December 2007 for
    solitary or dominant nodular goitre. The analysis was made only on those patients with complete data on
    FNAC and histology.

    Result: There were 235 patients, but only 161 patients were analysed after excluding
    the suspicious and inadequate sample. The patients’ mean age was 42.1 year old (21 to 60). The size of the
    thyroid nodule ranged from 2.1 to 5.0 cm (mean = 3.9 cm). The overall sensitivity was 67.4% and the overall
    accuracy was 86.3%. The accuracy of FNAC according to the sizes above and below the value were as
    follows; 2 cm (72.2% vs. 88.1%); 3 cm (88.0% vs. 87.4%) ; 4 cm (86.6% vs. 84.4%) ; 5 cm (87.3% vs. 78.8%).
    This was most obvious in the sensitivity of the FNA which also showed reducing trend as the nodules
    increased in size.

    Conclusion: FNAC is an essential diagnostic tool in the management of nodular goitre.
    Our study showed that the accuracy of FNAC decreased as the size of the nodule getting bigger. Cautious
    approach should be taken in the management of large goitre and decision should not be based only on the
    result of FNAC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  12. Maruthamuthu T, Saniasiaya J, Mohamad I, Nadarajah S, Lazim NM, Wan Abdul Rahman WF
    Oman Med J, 2018 Jul;33(4):342-345.
    PMID: 30038735 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2018.62
    Parotid gland surgery can be challenging due to intricate relationship between the gland and facial nerve. Besides complete removal of the lesion, the main focus of surgery is centered on the facial nerve. Surgery can be technically demanding especially when the tumor is large or involves the deep lobe. We report a patient with a 30-year history of gigantic parotid mass, which initial fine-needle aspiration cytology reported as pleomorphic adenoma. The tumor, weighing 1.3 kg, was successfully resected with facial nerve preservation. Histopathological examination of the excised mass confirmed as carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CaExPA) of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified type. We describe the specific surgical and reconstruction techniques for successful removal of large parotid tumors with facial nerve preservation. To our knowledge, this is the heaviest CaExPA of the parotid gland in South-East Asian region.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  13. Jayaram G, Elsayed EM
    Acta Cytol., 2005 Nov-Dec;49(6):605-10.
    PMID: 16450899
    To type breast carcinomaon on fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) material and correlate the results with histologic typing, to grade breast carcinoma on FNAC material and correlate the findings with Bloom-Richardson histologic grading, and to determine the estrogen receptor (ER) status in cases of breast carcinoma by immunocytochemical (ICC) staining of FNA cytologic material and correlate the findings with ER status, as determined by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of tissue sections.

    STUDY DESIGN: Seventy-seven cases of breast carcinoma diagnosed on FNAC formed the basis of this study. Typing was done in all cases on the basis of cytologic features and grading in 62. (Fifteen cases were special types of breast carcinoma). In all cases, ER status was determined by immunostaining of cytologic smears. Results of tumor typing, grading and ER status on cytologic material were compared with the results of histologic typing, grading and immunostaining of histologic material obtained from mastectomy or wide excision specimens.

    RESULTS: Tumor typing was accurate in 73 of 77 cases (94.8%). Fifteen of 18 cases that were cytologically grade 3 were confirmed on histology, while 3 proved to be grade 2. Of 40 cytologic grade 2 cases, 26 were confirmed on histology, while 14 cases were grade 3. Three of 4 cytologically grade 1 cases were confirmed on histology while 1 was grade 2. The overall accuracy for cytologic grading was 71% (44 of 62 cases). Thirty-seven of 40 ER-positive cases (92.5%) were labeled ER positive on ICC. One case was ER negative on cytology, while in 2 cases the cellularity of the cytologic smear was insufficient to assess ER expression. Thirty-seven cases were negativefor ER on IHC. Nine of these showed ER positivity on ICC, 26 were negative, and 2 had cellularity that was inadequate for assessment of ER. Sensitivity and specificity rates for ER detection on ICC were 97.4% and 74.3%, respectively.

    CONCLUSION: Tumor typing, grading and evaluation of ER status on FNA C material in breast carcinomas are simple, quick and moderately reliable techniques that compare and correlate favorably with histologic typing, grading and ER status on IHC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis/methods
  14. Yip CH, Jayaram G, Swain M
    Aust N Z J Surg, 2000 Feb;70(2):103-5.
    PMID: 10711470
    BACKGROUND: Granulomatous mastitis is a rare condition of the breast that can mimic a carcinoma. There are characteristic histological features, the most important of which is a predominantly lobular inflammatory process. It must be differentiated from known causes of granulomatous inflammation, such as tuberculosis.

    METHODS: In the present paper, the clinical and pathological features of 16 patients with granulomatous mastitis seen over a 3-year period in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, are described.

    RESULTS: A clinical suspicion of malignancy was present in 10 cases. One of the patients was nulliparous. One had an associated hyperprolactinaemia, while two had systemic lupus erythromatosis. One of the patients was pregnant at the time of presentation. Four patients had localized lumps excised, five were treated conservatively because the lesion was too extensive to resect, and seven patients required drainage procedures for abscess formation.

    CONCLUSION: Awareness of this condition is important because it mimics a carcinoma, and surgery may not be the best treatment for recurrent disease.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  15. Ngen RMY, Cheong I, Yahaya O
    Med J Malaysia, 1985 Jun;40(2):98-100.
    PMID: 3834293
    405 cases of bronchial brushing cytology were evaluated for its effectiveness in detecting pulmonary carcinoma. Cytohistologic findings were correlated whenever endoscopic biopsies were performed. Sputum cytological investigations were also included in this paper to examine the total diagnostic sensitivity of all the three methods combined.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  16. Rajendren, S. K., Krishnan, K., Ganesh, T. N., Roslan, N. S., Hashim, N. A., Mohamad, M. A.
    Jurnal Veterinar Malaysia, 2019;31(2):19-22.
    MyJurnal
    A 5-year-old Mongrel was brought presented with the complaint of having serosanguineous discharge from penis for a month since adoption. Physical examination revealed cauliflower-like mass at the bulbus glandis. Presence of numerous anisokaryotic and anisocytotic round to oval histiocytes with multivacuolated cytoplasm from cytology, an evidence of canine transmissibale venereal tumour (CTVT). The mass was successfully surgically resected using electrocautery and was in remission for 12 months (since January 2019).
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  17. Chai CA, Yeoh WS, Rajandram R, Aung KP, Ong TA, Kuppusamy S, et al.
    Front Surg, 2021;8:659292.
    PMID: 34055868 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2021.659292
    Purpose: Guidelines advocate cystoscopy surveillance (CS) for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) post-resection. However, cystoscopy is operator dependent and may miss upper tract lesions or carcinoma in-situ (CIS). Urine cytology is a common adjunct but lacks sensitivity and specificity in detecting recurrence. A new mRNA biomarker (CxBladder) was compared with urine cytology as an adjunct to cystoscopy in detecting a positive cystoscopy findings during surveillance cystoscopy in our center. Materials and Methods: Consented patients older than 18, undergoing CS for NMIBC, provide paired urine samples for cytology and CxBladder test. Patients with positive cystoscopy findings would undergo re-Trans Urethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT). Results: Thirty-five patients were enrolled from April to June 2019. Seven contaminated urine samples were excluded. The remaining cohort of 23 (82%) and 5 (18%) females had a mean age of 66.69 (36-89). Eight (29%) patients with positive cystoscopy finding underwent TURBT. All 8 patients also had positive CxBladder result. This shows that CxBladder has a sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, specificity of 75% and positive predictive value (PPV) of 62% in predicting a positive cystoscopy finding. TURBT Histo-pathological findings showed Low-grade Ta NMIBC in one patient (4%), and 7 (25%) patients had inflammatory changes. Urine cytology was only positive in one patient with a positive cystoscopy finding. This led to a sensitivity of merely 13% and NPV of 74%, while specificity and PPV was 100% in predicting a positive cystoscopy finding. Conclusion: CxBladder had high NPV and sensitivity which accurately predicted suspicious cystoscopy findings leading to further investigation. It has great potential for use as adjunct to cystoscopy for surveillance of NMIBC.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
  18. Gani, A.N., Megat Shiraz, M.A.R., Siti Aishah, M.A., Norazizah, M., Mozita, A., Sharifah, N.A.
    Medicine & Health, 2007;2(2):164-168.
    MyJurnal
    Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) typically presents as a benign slow growing, painless neoplasm of the parotid gland. PA arising from the submandibular gland in the paediatric age group is rare. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. A case of PA in an 8-year-old Malay girl is presented. Clinically she presented with a painless right submandibular mass measuring 2x2cm. A diagnosis of Pleomorphic adenoma was made on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). She underwent submandibulectomy uneventfully. Postoperatively after two years follow up, she is asymptomatic.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cytodiagnosis
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