Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 127 in total

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  1. Tan KT, Fok ACK, Cheah JS
    Family Practitioner, 1988;11:52-55.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
  2. Das S, Suhaimi F, Ho C, Ho SE
    MyJurnal
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia. There is either disturbance in insulin secretion or defective insulin action or even a combination of both. Usually, there are few confounding factors like genetic, obesity, sedentary life style, atherosclerosis, and even faulty dietary habits which lead or aggravate DM. Usually, the individual does not care and often the complications resulting from hyperglycaemia are fatal. Complications in DM involve the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, endocrine, renal and neurological systems in the body. Treatment of diabetic complications is not only costly but it is also a burden on the affected families. The present review discusses the challenges faced in DM with special concern on diet and food habits. Knowledge of proper food consumption may also help an individual combat complication in DM and reduce the mortality and morbidity.
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; complications; food; habits; mortality; morbidity
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
  3. Lee SWH, Ooi L, Lai YK
    Front Pharmacol, 2017;8:330.
    PMID: 28611672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00330
    Importance: Telemedicine has been shown to be an efficient and effective means of providing care to patients with chronic disease especially in remote and undeserved regions, by improving access to care and reduce healthcare cost. However, the evidence surrounding its applicability in type 1 diabetes remains scarce and conflicting. Objective: To synthesize evidence and quantify the effectiveness of telemedicine interventions for the management of glycemic and clinical outcomes in type 1 diabetes patients, relative to comparator conditions. Data Sources: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched for published articles since inception until December 2016. Study Selection: Original articles reporting the results of randomized controlled studies on the effectiveness of telemedicine in people with type 1 diabetes were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two reviewers independently extracted data, assessed quality, and strength of evidence. Interventions were categorized based upon the telemedicine focus (monitoring, education, consultation, case-management, and peer mentoring). Main Outcome and Measure: Absolute change in glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) from baseline to follow-up assessment. Results: A total of 38 studies described in 41 articles were identified. Positive effects on glycemic control were noted with studies examining telemedicine, with a mean reduction of 0.18% at the end of intervention. Studies with longer duration (>6 months) who had recruited patients with a higher baseline HbA1c (≥9%) were associated with larger effects. Telemedicine interventions that involve individualized assessments, audit with feedback and skill building were also more effective in improving glycemic control. However, no benefits were observed on blood pressure, lipids, weight, quality of life, and adverse events. Conclusions and Relevance: There is insufficient evidence to support telemedicine use for glycemic control and other clinically relevant outcome among patients with type 1 diabetes.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
  4. Salam A
    Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries, 2010 Apr;30(2):105.
    PMID: 20535317 DOI: 10.4103/0973-3930.62602
    Comment on: Vimalavathini R, Agarwal SM, Gitanjali B. Educational program for patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus receiving free monthly supplies of insulin improves knowledge and attitude, but not adherence. Int J Diab Dev Ctries. 2008;28:86–90
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
  5. Naing C, Mak JW
    PMID: 28127542 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-017-0287-5
    BACKGROUND: Incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide. Monitoring glycaemia is essential for control of diabetes mellitus. Conventional blood-based measurement of glucose requires venepuncture or needle prick, which is not free from pain and risk of infection. The non-invasiveness, ease and low-cost in collection made saliva an attractive alternative sample. The objective of this review was to systematically review the evidence on the relationship between salivary glucose level and blood glucose level in monitoring glycaemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    METHODS: We searched studies which evaluate salivary glucose levels and serum glycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus in electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Ovid and Google Scholar. We selected the eligible studies, following the inclusion criteria set for this review. Due to heterogeneity of studies, we conducted qualitative synthesis of studies.
    RESULTS: Ten observational studies were included in this review, including a total of 321 cases and 323 controls with ages between 3 and 61 years and the majority were males (62%). Two studies were done exclusively on children below 17 years old. The significant difference between salivary glucose levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus and controls were reported in 6 studies with 8 data sets. Five studies with 7 datasets reported the correlation coefficient between salivary glucose and blood glucose in patients with diabetes.
    CONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that salivary glucose concentrations may be helpful in monitoring glycaemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, the utility of using salivary glucose level to monitor glycaemia should be evaluated in future well designed, prospective studies with adequate number of participants with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*
  6. Bahari NI, Ahmad N, Mahmud MH, Baharom M, Amir SM, Peng CS, et al.
    J Prev (2022), 2023 Feb;44(1):105-125.
    PMID: 36129587 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-022-00707-x
    BACKGROUND: Primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is possible in at-risk populations, and prevention programmes have been shown to be effective in real-world scenarios. Despite this evidence, diabetes prevalence has tripled in recent decades and is expected to reach 700 million patients by 2045, making it one of the leading causes of death globally. This review is aimed at identifying the issues and challenges in the primary prevention of T2DM.

    METHODS: Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE were systematically searched for published articles. Articles were screened based of inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were: (1) published in 2010-2020, (2) full original article, (3) written in English, (4) qualitative, mixed-methods article, observational or interventional study. The exclusion criteria were: (1) animal study, (2) in vivo/in vitro study, (3) type 1 diabetes or gestational DM and (4) conference abstract, book chapter, report, and systematic review. Eligible articles were assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) by three assessors.

    RESULTS: A total of 11 articles were selected for qualitative synthesis from the initial 620 articles. The issues and challenges seen in T2DM primary prevention followed three themes: healthcare program (sub-themes: lack of resources, community partnership, participation, health literacy), health provider (sub-themes: lack of implementation, health care staff, collaboration, availability), individual (sub-themes: awareness, communication, misbehaviour, family conflict).

    CONCLUSION: Factors relating to healthcare programmes, health providers, and individual issues are the main challenges in T2DM primary prevention. By establishing sustainable preventative initiatives that address these issues and challenges in the primary prevention of T2DM, a reduction in T2DM prevalence could be achievable.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*
  7. Ray S, Sarkar D, Ganguly S, Maiti A
    Med J Malaysia, 2012 Feb;67(1):116-7.
    PMID: 22582562
    Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA) is an autoimmune form of type 1 diabetes mellitus presenting in adulthood. It is often confused with other types of diabetes and therefore the management is frequently inadequate. Acute hyperglycemic crisis in the form of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are unusual findings. We report a clinical case of a 66-year-old female who presented for the first time with DKA and was subsequently diagnosed as a case of LADA. Presumptive diagnosis of LADA was confirmed with the presence of autoantibody to glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (Anti-GAD65 antibody).
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis*
  8. Xin GLL, Khee YP, Ying TY, Chellian J, Gupta G, Kunnath AP, et al.
    Curr. Diab. Rep., 2019 03 23;19(5):22.
    PMID: 30905013 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-019-1144-3
    PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) occurs when there is destruction of beta cells within the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas due to autoimmunity. It is considered a complex disease, and different complications can surface and worsen the condition if T1D is not managed well. Since it is an incurable disease, numerous treatments and therapies have been postulated in order to control T1D by balancing hyperglycemia control while minimizing hypoglycemic episodes. The purpose of this review is to primarily look into the current state of the available immunological therapies and their advantages for the treatment of T1D.

    RECENT FINDINGS: Over the years, immunological therapy has become the center of attraction to treat T1D. Immunomodulatory approaches on non-antigens involving agents such as cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, anti-CD20, cytotoxic T cells, anti-TNF, anti-CD3, and anti-thymocyte globulin as well as immunomodulative approaches on antigens such as insulin, glutamic acid decarboxylase, and heat shock protein 60 have been studied. Aside from these two approaches, studies and trials have also been conducted on regulatory T cells, dendritic cells, interleukin 2, interleukin 4, M2 macrophages, and rapamycin/interleukin 2 combination therapy to test their effects on patients with T1D. Many of these agents have successfully suppressed T1D in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and in human trials. However, some have shown negative results. To date, the insights into the management of the immune system have been increasing rapidly to search for potential therapies and treatments for T1D. Nevertheless, some of the challenges are still inevitable. A lot of work and effort need to be put into the investigation on T1D through immunological therapy, particularly to reduce complications to improve and enhance clinical outcomes.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*
  9. Alamoudi RM, Aljohani NJ, Alfadhli EM, Alzaman N, Alfadhly AF, Kallash MA, et al.
    Diabetes Metab Syndr, 2023 Jan;17(1):102676.
    PMID: 36463695 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102676
    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To compare Saudi Arabia with other countries regarding patient attitudes towards fasting Ramadan and complications related to fasting during the COVID-19 pandemic.

    METHODS: Data collected from Saudi Arabia and 12 other mostly Muslim majority countries, via physician administered questionnaire within post Ramadan 2020.

    RESULTS: 1485 Type1 diabetes (T1DM) patients analyzed; 705 (47.5%) from Saudi Arabia vs. 780 (52.5%) from other countries. 1056 (71.1%) fasted Ramadan; 636 (90.2%) of Saudi patients vs. 420 (53.8%) of other countries. Experiencing Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the Saudi T1DM patients' decision to fast while it significantly influenced their decision in other countries (1.4 vs 9.9%, P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*
  10. Limbert C, Tinti D, Malik F, Kosteria I, Messer L, Jalaludin MY, et al.
    Pediatr Diabetes, 2022 Dec;23(8):1243-1269.
    PMID: 36537530 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13417
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1*
  11. Chellappan DK, Sivam NS, Teoh KX, Leong WP, Fui TZ, Chooi K, et al.
    Biomed Pharmacother, 2018 Dec;108:1188-1200.
    PMID: 30372820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.138
    BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by T cell-mediated self-destruction of insulin-secreting islet β cells. Management of T1DM is challenging and complicated especially with conventional medications. Gene therapy has emerged as one of the potential therapeutic alternatives to treat T1DM. This review primarily focuses on the current status and the future perspectives of gene therapy in the management of T1DM. A vast number of the studies which are reported on gene therapy for the management of T1DM are done in animal models and in preclinical studies. In addition, the safety of such therapies is yet to be established in humans. Currently, there are several gene level interventions that are being investigated, notably, overexpression of genes and proteins needed against T1DM, transplantation of cells that express the genes against T1DM, stem-cells mediated gene therapy, genetic vaccination, immunological precursor cell-mediated gene therapy and vectors.

    METHODS: We searched the current literature through searchable online databases, journals and other library sources using relevant keywords and search parameters. Only relevant publications in English, between the years 2000 and 2018, with evidences and proper citations, were considered. The publications were then analyzed and segregated into several subtopics based on common words and content. A total of 126 studies were found suitable for this review.

    FINDINGS: Generally, the pros and cons of each of the gene-based therapies have been discussed based on the results collected from the literature. However, there are certain interventions that require further detailed studies to ensure their effectiveness. We have also highlighted the future direction and perspectives in gene therapy, which, researchers could benefit from.

    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy*
  12. Wong HB
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1985 Apr;14(2):334-42.
    PMID: 4037695
    Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is inherited in a multifactorial manner with polygenes and environmental factors contributing to its emergence in a particular individual. The evidence for such a mode of inheritance is reviewed. One of the most important genetic roles is that played by the HLA genes on chromosome 6 and the different alleles which increase or decrease susceptibility in Caucasians, Japanese, Singapore Chinese and Shanghai Chinese are described. It is inferred that these alleles are different in different ethnic groups. The other genes which are important are unknown. The environmental influences are less well known although viral infections may act as triggers. Because the morbidity and mortality are still extremely serious in IDDM patients in spite of insulin therapy, it is proposed that preventive measures should be instituted in families prone to IDDM. The role of prenatal diagnosis is discussed especially in those families with multiple HLA susceptibility genes present. Great care paid to management of hyperglycemia from onset of the disease may reduce future morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/etiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/prevention & control*
  13. Ismail AF, McGrath CP, Yiu CK
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 2015 Jun;108(3):369-81.
    PMID: 25817182 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.03.003
    AIM: This systematic review investigated the oral health status of children with type 1 diabetes.
    METHODS: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Web of Knowledge, SCOPUS and EMBASE. The search included all studies published from inception of database to January 2014. A total of 1179 abstracts were analyzed for selection in 2 phases. The first phase selection was based on the title and abstracts alone. The selected abstracts were then included for second phase, where full articles were obtained. The selection was carried out by 2 independent reviewers (Kappa value=0.809). Only 37 articles were included for final analysis in this review.
    RESULTS: There is conflicting evidence in the caries experience between children with type 1 diabetes and healthy children. For periodontal health, most studies reported significantly greater plaque accumulation and higher gingival index in children with type 1 diabetes. Cohort studies reported no significant differences in perioodontal parameters over time.
    CONCLUSIONS: There is conflicting evidence regarding the caries experience of children with type 1 diabetes, but they exhibit poorer periodontal health status with greater plaque accumulation compared to healthy children. Further studies are warranted to assess the oral health status of children with type 1 diabetes.
    KEYWORDS: Caries; Children; Oral health; Periodontal health; Systematic review; Type 1 diabetes
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications*
  14. Chan KS, Looi LM, Chan SP
    Malays J Pathol, 1993 Dec;15(2):155-8.
    PMID: 8065179
    A 35-year-old Chinese man who was known to have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was admitted for fever and weight loss. During his hospital stay, he fell to his death from his ward at the twelfth floor. The clinical features, radiological findings and gross organ changes at autopsy closely simulated miliary tuberculosis. Histology, however, revealed extensive necrosis of the adrenal glands, lungs, spleen, kidneys and thyroid associated with the presence of Histoplasma capsulatum organisms. This case highlights the similarity both clinically and pathologically between histoplasmosis and tuberculosis and emphasizes the need to be aware of this infection in a nonendemic area among patients with a compromised immune system.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/immunology*
  15. Hamdy O, Barakatun-Nisak MY
    Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am, 2016 12;45(4):799-817.
    PMID: 27823606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.06.010
    Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is a key component of diabetes management. The importance of balancing macronutrients, reducing carbohydrate load, lowering glycemic index, and implementing an overall healthy dietary pattern are emerging as better approaches for MNT in diabetes. Recent research points to improved glycemic control, reduction in body weight, and improvement in many cardiovascular risk factors when these approaches are provided by registered dietitians or health care providers. This review article discusses the current evidence about the role of sensible nutrition in diabetes management. Specific eating plans for weight reduction and for patients with type 1 diabetes are also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diet therapy*
  16. Lim TO
    Diabetes Res Clin Pract, 1991 Jul;12(3):201-7.
    PMID: 1889350 DOI: 10.1016/0168-8227(91)90078-R
    The prevalence, age at diagnosis, clinical characteristics and treatment of young diabetics, younger than 40 years were determined on the basis of a cross-sectional study of medical records of 2 health districts in Pahang, Malaysia. There were only 20 insulin-dependent diabetics (IDDM), prevalence 0.07 per 1000 inhabitants. There were 84 non-insulin-dependent diabetics (NIDDM), prevalence 0.3 per 1000 inhabitants. Three of the NIDDM patients could have malnutrition-related diabetes. Many NIDDM patients were asymptomatic which is an important reason why many of them remain undetected in the community. Seventy-four percent of the patients below the age of 30 years at diagnosis had NIDDM, 56% of the patients below the age of 20 years at diagnosis also had NIDDM and 54% of the NIDDM patients had a strong family history of diabetes. Many NIDDM patients were misdiagnosed as IDDM, especially if they were underweight, leading to considerable overuse of insulin. This study confirms that IDDM is rare in Malaysia, as in other Asian countries. Most young diabetics have NIDDM and have a strong family history. This pattern of diabetes in the young is unlike that seen in the West.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/diagnosis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/epidemiology*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy
  17. Citation: Management of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2016
    Quick Reference: http://www.acadmed.org.my/view_file.cfm?fileid=804
    Training Manual: http://www.acadmed.org.my/view_file.cfm?fileid=805

    Keywords: CPG
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
  18. Deeb A, Elbarbary N, Smart CE, Beshyah SA, Habeb A, Kalra S, et al.
    Pediatr Diabetes, 2020 02;21(1):5-17.
    PMID: 31659852 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12920
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/therapy*
  19. Md Zain F, Hong JYH, Wu LL, Harun F, Rasat R, Jalaludin MY, et al.
    Citation: Annual Report of the Diabetes in Children & Adolescent Registry (DiCARE) 2006-2007. Kuala Lumpur: Clinical Research Centre; 2008

    The objective of Diabetes in Children and Adolescents Registry (DiCARE) under the Ministry of Health (MOH) is to collect information about diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents in Malaysia. This is important in estimating the incidence of diabetes mellitus among children and adolescents and at the same time evaluating the risk factors and the management. The registry aims to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of health care among the young diabetics and the health economics of diabetes. The issues related to diabetes care can be looked into and solved when the patients are still young, with the hope that they will become knowledgeable adults who can reasonably handle their diabetes well and thus decrease the long term complications. This information is deemed important in assisting the MOH, Non-Governmental Organizations, healthcare providers and industries in the planning and evaluation of diabetes mellitus prevention and control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1
  20. Tan SM, Shafiee Z, Wu LL, Rizal AM, Rey JM
    Int J Psychiatry Med, 2005;35(2):123-36.
    PMID: 16240970 DOI: 10.2190/EQ71-RMWV-6CEJ-1DGM
    Objectives: To examine the association between ethnicity, depression, quality of life, and diabetic control in Malaysian adolescents and young adults with type I diabetes mellitus.

    Methods: Fifty-two outpatients with type I diabetes (mean age 15.5 years) who attended a Diabetes Clinic were included. The level of HbA1c was the measure of diabetes control used (better control defined as HbA1c < 10%). Other variables were measured through questionnaires (e.g., depressive symptoms, quality of life), computerized diagnostic interviews (major depression), and medical records (e.g., demographic, family circumstances, compliance with treatment).

    Results: Ethnic Chinese youth showed better diabetic control than Malays and Indians (mean HbA1c 9.1%, 10.3%, and 11.0% respectively). Young people with better diabetic control (HbA1c < 10%) were more likely to have better quality of life and less likely to live in problematic families. When the cut-off for diabetic control was stricter (HbA1c < or = 8%), the young person's compliance was the main predictor of poor control. Family problems were also associated with poor control but to a lesser extent. The initial association between poorer diabetes control and depression became non-significant when quality of life was taken into account.

    Conclusions: There are ethnic differences in juvenile diabetic control in this Malaysian sample which need to be understood further. Previous findings of an association between quality of life and glycemic control were verified but different definitions of good control showed different associations with individual and environmental variables. Clinicians' awareness and early intervention for psychosocial problems (for example, inadequate family support) could improve diabetes control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/blood; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/ethnology*; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/psychology*
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