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  1. Aziz MS, Jukgoljan B, Daud S, Tan TS, Ali J, Yupapin PP
    Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol, 2013 Jun;41(3):178-83.
    PMID: 22991944 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2012.715087
    This paper presents the use of a modified add/drop optical filter incorporating with microring resonators known as a PANDA microring resonator system which can fabricate on small chip. By using an optical tweezer, the required molecules can be trapped and moved to the required destinations at the add/drop ports. The novelty is that the stored molecules in the designed chip can transport via the optical waveguide and can also be used to form molecular filter, which is an important technique for drug delivery, drug targeting, and molecular electronics. Results have shown that the multivariable filter can be obtained by tunable trapping control.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation
  2. Kumar Singla S, Muthuraman A, Sahai D, Mangal N, Dhamodharan J
    Front Biosci (Elite Ed), 2021 01 01;13:158-184.
    PMID: 33048780
    Transdermal drug-delivery systems (TDDS) offer an attractive alternative to the oral route for delivery of biotherapeutics. Technological advancements in the past few decades have revolutionized the fabrication of micro-structured devices including creation of microneedles (MC). These devices are used for delivering peptides, macromolecules such as proteins and DNA, and other therapeutics through the skin. Here, we review the current use of MCs as a cost effective method for the self-administration of therapeutics. We will then review the current and common use of MCs as an effective treatment strategy for a broad range of diseases and their utility in the generation of effective vaccination delivery platforms. Finally, we will summarize the currently FDA approved MCs and their applications, along with the ongoing clinical trials that use such devices.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation
  3. Zainal MA, Ahmad A, Mohamed Ali MS
    Biomed Microdevices, 2017 Mar;19(1):8.
    PMID: 28124762 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-017-0148-5
    This paper reports the wireless Shape-Memory-Polymer actuator operated by external radio frequency magnetic fields and its application in a drug delivery device. The actuator is driven by a frequency-sensitive wireless resonant heater which is bonded directly to the Shape-Memory-Polymer and is activated only when the field frequency is tuned to the resonant frequency of heater. The heater is fabricated using a double-sided Cu-clad Polyimide with much simpler fabrication steps compared to previously reported methods. The actuation range of 140 μm as the tip opening distance is achieved at device temperature 44 °C in 30 s using 0.05 W RF power. A repeatability test shows that the actuator's average maximum displacement is 110 μm and standard deviation of 12 μm. An experiment is conducted to demonstrate drug release with 5 μL of an acidic solution loaded in the reservoir and the device is immersed in DI water. The actuator is successfully operated in water through wireless activation. The acidic solution is released and diffused in water with an average release rate of 0.172 μL/min.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  4. Cheong HR, Nguyen NT, Khaw MK, Teoh BY, Chee PS
    Lab Chip, 2018 10 09;18(20):3207-3215.
    PMID: 30229248 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00776d
    This paper reports a wirelessly powered ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) soft actuator operated by external radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields for targeted drug delivery. A 183 μm thick IPMC cantilever valve was fitted with an embedded LC resonant circuit to wirelessly control the actuator when the field frequency is tuned to its resonant frequency of approximately 25 MHz. Experimental characterization of the fabricated actuator showed a cumulative cantilever deflection of 160 μm for three repeated RF ON-OFF cycles at 0.6 W input power. The device was loaded with a dye solution and immersed in DI water to demonstrate wireless drug release. The qualitative result shows the successful release of the dye solution from the device reservoir. The release rate can be controlled by tuning the RF input power. We achieved a maximum average release rate of ∼0.1 μl s-1. We further conducted an in vitro study with human tumor cells (HeLa) to demonstrate the proof of concept of the developed device. The experiments show promising results towards the intended drug delivery application.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  5. Waran V, Sek K, Bahuri NF, Narayanan P, Chandran H
    Minim Invasive Neurosurg, 2011 Oct;54(5-6):279-81.
    PMID: 22278798 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1297997
    In endoscopic neurosurgery problems with haemostasis due to poor access exist. We have developed a system which allows the delivery of a variety of haemostatic agents in a more efficacious manner. The system has been used successfully in endoscopic skull base surgery and endoscopic surgery within the parenchyma of the brain using tube systems.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  6. Jalil MA, Innate K, Suwanpayak N, Yupapin PP, Ali J
    PMID: 21999106 DOI: 10.3109/10731199.2011.618134
    By using a pair of tweezers to generate the intense optical vortices within the PANDA ring resonator, the required molecules (drug volumes) can be trapped and moved dynamically within the molecular bus networks, in which the required diagnosis or drug delivery targets can be performed within the network. The advantage of the proposed system is that the proposed diagnostic method can perform within the tiny system (thin film device or circuit), which can be available for a human embedded device for diagnostic use. The channel spacing of the trapped volumes (molecules) within the bus molecular networks can be provided.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation
  7. Jalil MA, Suwanpayak N, Kulsirirat K, Suttirak S, Ali J, Yupapin PP
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2011;6:2925-32.
    PMID: 22131837 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S26266
    A novel nanomicro syringe system was proposed for drug storage and delivery using a PANDA ring resonator and atomic buffer. A PANDA ring is a modified optical add/drop filter, named after the well known Chinese bear. In principle, the molecule/drug is trapped by the force generated by different combinations of gradient fields and scattering photons within the PANDA ring. A nanomicro needle system can be formed by optical vortices in the liquid core waveguide which can be embedded on a chip, and can be used for long-term treatment. By using intense optical vortices, the required genes/molecules can be trapped and transported dynamically to the intended destinations via the nanomicro syringe, which is available for drug delivery to target tissues, in particular tumors. The advantage of the proposed system is that by confining the treatment area, the effect can be decreased. The use of different optical vortices for therapeutic efficiency is also discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  8. Choo GH
    EuroIntervention, 2011 May;7 Suppl K:K112-8.
    PMID: 22027720 DOI: 10.4244/EIJV7SKA19
    The drug-eluting balloon (DEB) is an exciting new technology that holds much promise. As an evolving technology undergoing intensive research, the device is being constantly refined and its numerous potential applications studied. Though initially created to fulfil specific needs in the coronary vasculature, there is great potential for its use in other vascular territories and structures including the management of valvular, congenital heart and neuro-interventional pathologies. In addition, the application of this device in conjunction with other existing technologies may enhance the clinical results.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  9. Sabri AH, Ogilvie J, Abdulhamid K, Shpadaruk V, McKenna J, Segal J, et al.
    Eur J Pharm Biopharm, 2019 Jul;140:121-140.
    PMID: 31059780 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.05.001
    Since the first patent for microneedles was filed in the 1970s, research on utilising microneedles as a drug delivery system has progressed significantly. In addition to the extensive research on microneedles for improving transdermal drug delivery, there is a growing interest in using these devices to manage dermatological conditions. This review aims to provide the background on microneedles, the clinical benefits, and challenges of the device along with the potential dermatological conditions that may benefit from the application of such a drug delivery system. The first part of the review provides an outline on benefits and challenges of translating microneedle-based drug delivery systems into clinical practice. The second part of the review covers the application of microneedles in treating dermatological conditions. The efficacy of microneedles along with the limitations of such a strategy to treat diseased skin shall be addressed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  10. Yellepeddi VK, Sheshala R, McMillan H, Gujral C, Jones D, Raghu Raj Singh T
    Drug Discov Today, 2015 Jul;20(7):884-9.
    PMID: 25668579 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.01.013
    Punctal plugs (PPs) are miniature medical implants that were initially developed for the treatment of dry eyes. Since their introduction in 1975, many PPs made from different materials and designs have been developed. PPs, albeit generally successful, suffer from drawbacks such as epiphora and suppurative canaliculitis. To overcome these issues intelligent designs of PPs were proposed (e.g. SmartPLUG™ and Form Fit™). PPs are also gaining interest among pharmaceutical scientists for sustaining drug delivery to the eye. This review aims to provide an overview of PPs for dry eye treatment and drug delivery to treat a range of ocular diseases. It also discusses current challenges in using PPs for ocular diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  11. Wong TW
    J Control Release, 2014 Nov 10;193:257-69.
    PMID: 24801250 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.045
    Transdermal drug delivery is hindered by the barrier property of the stratum corneum. It limits the route to transport of drugs with a log octanol-water partition coefficient of 1 to 3, molecular weight of less than 500Da and melting point of less than 200°C. Active methods such as iontophoresis, electroporation, sonophoresis, magnetophoresis and laser techniques have been investigated for the past decades on their ability, mechanisms and limitations in modifying the skin microenvironment to promote drug diffusion and partition. Microwave, an electromagnetic wave characterized by frequencies range between 300MHz and 300GHz, has recently been reported as the potential skin permeation enhancer. Microwave has received a widespread application in food, engineering and medical sectors. Its potential use to facilitate transdermal drug transport is still in its infancy stage of evaluation. This review provides an overview and update on active methods utilizing electrical, magnetic, photomechanical and cavitational waves to overcome the skin barrier for transdermal drug administration with insights into mechanisms and future perspectives of the latest microwave technique described.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation
  12. Fung WY, Yuen KH, Liong MT
    J Agric Food Chem, 2011 Aug 10;59(15):8140-7.
    PMID: 21711050 DOI: 10.1021/jf2009342
    This study explored the potential of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from agrowastes, okara (soybean solid waste), oil palm trunk (OPT), and oil palm frond (OPF) obtained via alkali treatment, in the nanoencapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus . SDF solutions were amended with 8% poly(vinyl alcohol) to produce nanofibers using electrospinning technology. The spinning solution made from okara had a higher pH value at 5.39 ± 0.01 and a higher viscosity at 578.00 ± 11.02 mPa·s (P < 0.05), which resulted in finer fibers. FTIR spectra of nanofibers showed the presence of hemicellulose material in the SDF. Thermal behavior of nanofibers suggested possible thermal protection of probiotics in heat-processed foods. L. acidophilus was incorporated into the spinning solution to produce nanofiber-encapsulated probiotic, measuring 229-703 nm, visible under fluorescence microscopy. Viability studies showed good bacterial survivability of 78.6-90% under electrospinning conditions and retained viability at refrigeration temperature during the 21 day storage study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  13. Khan NR, Harun MS, Nawaz A, Harjoh N, Wong TW
    Curr Pharm Des, 2015;21(20):2848-66.
    PMID: 25925113
    Transdermal drug delivery is impeded by the natural barrier of epidermis namely stratum corneum. This limits the route to transport of drugs with a log octanol-water partition coefficient of 1 to 3, molecular weight of less than 500 Da and melting point of less than 200°C. Nanotechnology has received widespread investigation as nanocarriers are deemed to be able to fluidize the stratum corneum as a function of size, shape, surface charges, and hydrophilicity-hydrophobicity balance, while delivering drugs across the skin barrier. This review provides an overview and update on the latest designs of liposomes, ethosomes, transfersomes, niosomes, magnetosomes, oilin- water nanoemulsions, water-in-oil nanoemulsions, bicontinuous nanoemulsions, covalently crosslinked polysaccharide nanoparticles, ionically crosslinked polysaccharide nanoparticles, polyelectrolyte coacervated nanoparticles and hydrophobically modified polysaccharide nanoparticles with respect to their ability to fuse or fluidize lipid/protein/tight junction regimes of skin, and effect changes in skin permeability and drug flux. Universal relationships of nanocarrier size, zeta potential and chemical composition on transdermal permeation characteristics of drugs will be developed and discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation
  14. Pandey M, Choudhury H, Yi CX, Mun CW, Phing GK, Rou GX, et al.
    Curr Drug Targets, 2018;19(15):1782-1800.
    PMID: 29792143 DOI: 10.2174/1389450119666180523092100
    Diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder of glucose metabolism, is mainly associated with insulin resistance to the body cells, or impaired production of insulin by the pancreatic β-cells. Insulin is mainly required to regulate glucose metabolism in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients; however, many patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus also require insulin, especially when their condition cannot be controlled solely by oral hypoglycemic agents. Hence, major research is ongoing attempting to improve the delivery of insulin in order to make it more convenient to patients who experience side effects from the conventional treatment procedure or non-adherence to insulin regimen due to multiple comorbid conditions. Conventionally, insulin is administered via subcutaneous route which is also one of the sole reasons of patient's non-compliance due to the invasiveness of this method. Several attempts have been done to improve patient compliance, reduce side effects, improve delivery adherence, and to enhance the pharmaceutical performance of the insulin therapy. Despite facing substantial challenges in developing efficient delivery systems for insulin, vast research studies have been carried out for the development of smart delivery systems to deliver insulin via ocular, buccal, pulmonary, oral, transdermal, as well as rectal routes. Therefore, the present review was aimed to overview the challenges encountered with the current insulin delivery systems and to summarize recent advancements in technology of various novel insulin delivery systems being discovered and introduced in the current market.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation
  15. Wong TW, Nor Khaizan A
    Pharm Res, 2013 Jan;30(1):90-103.
    PMID: 22890987 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-012-0852-z
    PURPOSE: To investigate mechanism of microwave enhancing drug permeation transdermally through its action on skin.

    METHODS: Hydrophilic pectin-sulphanilamide films, with or without oleic acid (OA), were subjected to drug release and skin permeation studies. The skins were untreated or microwave-treated, and characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermal, electron microscopy and histology techniques.

    RESULTS: Skin treatment by microwave at 2450 MHz for 5 min promoted drug permeation from OA-free film without incurring skin damage. Skin treatment by microwave followed by film loaded with drug and OA resulted in permeation of all drug molecules that were released from film. Microwave exerted spacing of lipid architecture of stratum corneum into structureless domains which was unattainable by OA. It allowed OA to permeate stratum corneum and accumulate in dermis at a greater ease, and synergistically inducing lipid/keratin fluidization at hydrophobic C-H and hydrophilic O-H, N-H, C-O, C=O, C-N regimes of skin, and promoting drug permeation.

    CONCLUSION: The microwave technology is evidently feasible for use in promotion of drug permeation across the skin barrier. It represents a new approach in transdermal drug delivery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  16. Chin K
    EuroIntervention, 2011 May;7 Suppl K:K43-6.
    PMID: 22027726 DOI: 10.4244/EIJV7SKA7
    In-stent restenosis remains an important issue even in the drug-eluting stent (DES) era today. In recent years, drug-eluting balloons (DEB) have emerged as a potential alternative to the treatment of in-stent restenosis. Paclitaxel was identified as the primary drug for DEB because of its rapid uptake and prolonged retention. Non-stent-based local drug delivery using DEB maintains the antiproliferation properties of DES, but without the limitations of DES such as subacute stent thrombosis, stent fractures, prolonged antiplatelet therapy and more importantly, avoiding a "stent-in-a-stent" approach. The first major impact of drug-eluting balloon (DEB) in the management of bare metal instent restenosis was the "PACCOCATH ISR I" randomised trial, comparing the efficacy of drug-eluting balloon versus uncoated balloon. The six months angiographic results showed a binary restenosis of 5% and 4% MACE in the drug-eluting balloon group, compared with 43% binary restenosis and 31% MACE, in the uncoated balloon group (p=0.002 and 0.02). The second major DEB trial is the "PEPCAD II Trial", comparing the efficacy of the SeQuent Please DEB with the Taxus drug-eluting stent in the treatment of bare-metal stent instent restenosis. At 6-month follow-up, in-segment late lumen loss was 0.38 ± 0.61 mm in the DES group versus 0.17 ± 0.42 mm (p=0.03) in the DEB group, resulting in a binary restenosis rate of 12/59 (20%) versus 4/57 (7%; p=0.06). At 12 months, MACE rates were 22% in the Taxus group and 9% in the DEB group (P=0.08). The TLR at 12 months was 15% in the Taxus group and 6% in the DEB group (p=0.15). Based on these two pivotal trials, the European Society of Cardiology Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (2010) recommended that DEB should be considered for the treatment of in-stent restenosis after prior bare-metal stent. This was accorded a class 2 IIa indication, with a level B evidence.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
  17. Lulu GA, Karunanidhi A, Mohamad Yusof L, Abba Y, Mohd Fauzi F, Othman F
    Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob, 2018 Dec 28;17(1):46.
    PMID: 30593272 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-018-0296-3
    BACKGROUND: Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process of the bone following infection with pyogenic organisms like Staphylococcus aureus. Tobramycin (TOB) is a promising aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections, including S. aureus. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of tobramycin-loaded calcium phosphate beads (CPB) in a rabbit osteomyelitis model.

    METHODS: Tobramycin (30 mg/mL) was incorporated into CPB by dipping method and the efficacy of TOB-loaded CPB was studied in a rabbit osteomyelitis model. For juxtaposition, CPB with and without TOB were prepared. Twenty-five New Zealand white rabbits were grouped (n = 5) as sham (group 1), TOB-loaded CPB without S. aureus (group 2), S. aureus only (group 3), S. aureus + CPB (group 4), and S. aureus + TOB-loaded CPB (group 5). Groups infected with S. aureus followed by CPB implantation were immediately subjected to surgery at the mid-shaft of the tibia. After 28 days post-surgery, all rabbits were euthanized and the presence or absence of chronic osteomyelitis and the extent of architectural destruction of the bone were assessed by radiology, bacteriology and histological studies.

    RESULTS: Tobramycin-loaded CPB group potentially inhibited the growth of S. aureus causing 3.2 to 3.4 log10 reductions in CFU/g of bone tissue compared to the controls. Untreated groups infected with S. aureus showed signs of chronic osteomyelitis with abundant bacterial growth and alterations in bone architecture. The sham group and TOB-loaded CPB group showed no evidence of bacterial growth.

    CONCLUSIONS: TOB-incorporated into CPB for local bone administration was proven to be more successful in increasing the efficacy of TOB in this rabbit osteomyelitis model and hence could represent a good alternative to other formulations used in the treatment of osteomyelitis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation
  18. Ali RM, Degenhardt R, Zambahari R, Tresukosol D, Ahmad WA, Kamar Hb, et al.
    EuroIntervention, 2011 May;7 Suppl K:K83-92.
    PMID: 22027736 DOI: 10.4244/EIJV7SKA15
    Coronary lesions in diabetics (DM) are associated with a high recurrence following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), even after drug-eluting stent (DES) deployment. Encouraging clinical data of the drug-eluting balloon catheter (DEB) SeQuent Please warrant its investigation in these patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Drug Delivery Systems/instrumentation*
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