MyMedR

The idiom of latah: reply to Dr. Simons

Bartholomew RE

J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1995 Mar;183(3):184-6.

PMID: 7891068

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/diagnosis*; Hallucinations/etiology

Fulltext True hallucination as conversion symptom--a case report

Zain AM

Med J Malaysia, 1990 Mar;45(1):74-7.

PMID: 2152073

The concept of conversion hallucination is a relatively new one, however there have been several articles written on this phenomena, some attesting to it being a special form of hallucination while others dismissing it altogether. But currently this concept is slowly being accepted among psychiatrists and as such it is important for us to understand some of the concepts. In this case report, the patient presented with clear conversion hallucinations. The case is followed by a discussion on true and pseudo-hallucinations, previous case reports and finally a discussion of conversion hallucinations, viz. the clinical features and the conversion hypothesis.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/etiology*

Fulltext Comparing schizophrenia symptoms in the Iban of Sarawak with other populations to elucidate clinical heterogeneity

McLean D, Barrett R, Loa P, Thara R, John S, McGrath J, et al.

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2015 Mar;7(1):36-44.

PMID: 24038814 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12093

INTRODUCTION: The symptom profile of schizophrenia can vary between ethnic groups. We explored selected symptom variables previously reported to be characteristic of schizophrenia in the Iban of Sarawak in transethnic populations from Australia, India, and Sarawak, Malaysia. We tested site differences to confirm previous research, and to explore implications of differences across populations for future investigations.

METHODS: We recruited schizophrenia samples in Australia (n = 609), India (n = 310) and Sarawak (n = 205) primarily for the purposes of genetic studies. We analyzed seven identified variables and their relationship to site using logistic regression, including: global delusions, bizarre delusions, thought broadcast/insertion/withdrawal delusions, global hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and prodromal duration.

RESULTS: We identified a distinct symptom profile in our Sarawak sample. Specifically, the Iban exhibit: low frequency of thought broadcast/insertion/withdrawal delusions, high frequency of auditory hallucinations and disorganized behavior, with a comparatively short prodrome when compared with Australian and Indian populations.

DISCUSSION: Understanding between-site variation in symptom profile may complement future transethnic genetic studies, and provide important clues as to the nature of differing schizophrenia expression across ethnically distinct groups. A comprehensive approach to subtyping schizophrenia is warranted, utilizing comprehensively ascertained transethnic samples to inform both schizophrenia genetics and nosology.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/diagnosis*; Hallucinations/ethnology

Fulltext Phenomenological differences of hallucinations between schizophrenic patients in Penang & Kelantan

Azhar MZ, Varma SL, Hakim HR

Med J Malaysia, 1993 Jun;48(2):146-52.

PMID: 8350789

Two hundred and seventy patients with schizophrenia (104 patients in Kelantan and 166 patients in Penang) were interviewed using the Present State Examination to elicit the differences in the phenomenology of their hallucinations. The results indicate that there are significant differences in the phenomenology of hallucinations between the Malays of Penang and Kelantan and also among some Chinese patients. These findings indicate that culture does affect the phenomenology of schizophrenia, even among people of the same race but of different regions.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/ethnology*

Fulltext Auditory hallucination in an obsessive compulsive disorder adolescent

Khadijah, H.A.A., Seed, H.F., Lee, V.Y., Wan Salwina, W.I.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(2):86-89.

MyJurnal

Although comorbidity of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) with schizophrenia is well-established, the occurrence of psychotic symptoms especially hallucinations with OCD still requires further studies. We report a case of a child with OCD who experienced auditory hallucination with the recurrence of his OCD symptoms and the management involved. We discussed the possible differentials when auditory hallucinations occur in the context of OCD.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext A case of psychotic disorder due to dengue fever

Mohammad Farris Iman Leong Abdullah, Rizal Abu Bakar

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2017;18(1):0-0.

MyJurnal

Objective: This case reported highlighted psychotic disorder due to dengue fever
is rare. Hence we describe a case which clearly presented with psychotic
symptoms during the illness.

Methods: We reported a case of psychotic disorder
due to dengue fever who presented with psychotic symptoms of auditory and
visual hallucination, and persecutory delusion, which had significant temporal
correlation with dengue fever symptoms. There were no neurological deficits
noted, no altered sensorium and cognitive impairment during the episode. He
has no past and family history of mental illness and there was no evidence of
encephalitis and metabolic disturbances.

Results: Our case suggests that
prominent psychotic symptoms can occur during an episode of dengue fever,
which remitted when one recovering from dengue fever.

Conclusion: We
demonstrated that patients who presented with the acute onset of psychosis
accompanied by symptoms of viral fever should be screened for dengue fever,
particularly if the person lived in or visited the area where dengue fever is
endemic.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Psychosis symptoms associated with Niemann-Pick disease type C

Ong LT

Psychiatr Genet, 2021 Aug 01;31(4):107-118.

PMID: 34133410 DOI: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000286

Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C) is a severe neurovisceral lipid storage disease that results in the accumulation of unesterified cholesterol in lysosomes or endosomes. The clinical presentations of NP-C are variable which include visceral symptoms, neurologic symptoms and psychiatric symptoms. Psychosis is the most common psychiatric manifestation of NP-C and is indistinguishable from a typical psychosis presentation of schizophrenia. The common psychotic presentations in NP-C include visual hallucinations, delusions, auditory hallucinations and thought disorders. Psychosis symptoms are more common in adult or adolescent-onset forms compared with pediatric-onset forms. The underlying pathophysiology of psychosis in NP-C is most probably due to dysconnectivity particularly between frontotemporal connectivity and subcortical structures. NP-C sometimes is mistaken for schizophrenia which causes delay in treatment due to lack of awareness and literature review. This review aims to summarize the relevant case reports on psychosis symptoms in NP-C and discuss the genetics and pathophysiology underlying the condition.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext Atypical psychosis: report of two cases

Loke KH, Rashid MA, Chin S

Med J Malaysia, 1984 Jun;39(2):151-5.

PMID: 6513855

In general, psychotic symptomatology falls within the major categories of mental disorders such as schizophrenia, affective disorder and organic mental
disorder. Those that do not fit the proposed diagnostic criteria for the aforementioned disorders are usually classified under the DSM-IV diagnosis of atypical psychosis. In the eastern culture, such symptoms are accepted as part of the cultural beliefs rather than being regarded as illness. Several such cases were seen at -the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur and two such casesare reported in this paper. Cultural influences in determining symptomatology are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/diagnosis

Fulltext Morbid jealousy reactivated by mood episodes

Masiran R, Hussin NS

BMJ Case Rep, 2018 Jan 17;2018.

PMID: 29348292 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-223430

A middle-aged man who has been enduring financial constraint experienced a period of irritability, increased goal-directed activities and insomnia occurring along with extreme jealousy with his current wife. The episode was followed by depressed mood and non-prominent auditory hallucination. His previous history revealed a forensic psychiatry case of a murder he committed 20 years ago.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/psychology*

Evaluation of auditory hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia: A validation study of the Malay version of Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS)

Wahab S, Zakaria MN, Sidek D, Abdul Rahman AH, Shah SA, Abdul Wahab NA

Psychiatry Res, 2015 Aug 30;228(3):462-7.

PMID: 26142835 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.06.014

The Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales (PSYRATS) is the most widely used validated scale to measure the specific symptoms of auditory hallucination and delusion. The aim of this study was to validate and to examine the psychometric properties of the auditory hallucination component of the Malay PSYRATS (MyPSYRATS). The research was done in the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC) among 51 schizophrenia inpatients and outpatients who had experienced or reported verbal auditory hallucination. The psychometric properties of MyPSYRATS (auditory hallucination) were studied and a comparison was made between the psychometric properties obtained and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The internal consistency of MyPSYRATS was good as revealed by Cronbach's alpha value. Factor analysis replicated three components (emotional, cognitive, and physical) similar to the factorial structure of the original auditory hallucination scale. However, two items were regrouped under the emotional component. Spearman's rank-order correlation showed a significant positive relationship between the total score of auditory hallucinations and PANSS auditory hallucinations item (P3). In conclusion, the auditory hallucination domain of MyPSYRATS is a reliable and valid assessment tool for further clinical applications.

Study site: Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (PPUKM)

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/diagnosis; Hallucinations/epidemiology*; Hallucinations/psychology*

Fulltext A case series on the use of atypical long acting injectable as first-line antipsychotic treatment in Malaysia: who benefits and how?

Nik Ruzyanei, N.J., Hazli, Z., Chong, Y.S.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2013;22(1):1-5.

MyJurnal

Introduction: The use of long acting injectable (LAI) antipsychotics is mainly reserved as the second line treatment when all efforts to ensure patients’ adherence to regular oral medication failed. We aim to describe the common clinical features of patients with schizophrenia who benefited from the use of LAI early in the course of illness. Methods: We report four patients with first presentation of schizophrenia, all of whom were started with atypical LAI antipsychotics without prior history of oral antipsychotic. Results: In all of the cases, short acting major tranquilizers were not administered in the acute phase of psychosis because the patients were not agitated. Beside absence of agitation, other common clinical features observed in the four patients were prominent delusion (rather than hallucination), obstinate refusal of oral medication, good pre-morbid functioning and very poor insight. Interestingly, following the remission of the acute psychotic phase, all showed marked improvement in their insight and had better than expected therapeutic alliance. Discussion: LAI may improve the doctor-patient therapeutic alliance due to its minimal side effects and by ways of increasing the patients’ sense of control and allowing psychoeducation to take place when the patient is ready. We conclude that LAI may be used as the first line antipsychotic treatment in the acute psychotic phase in patients who are nonagitated but have prominent symptom of delusions with poor insight.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext Visual epilepsy in glioblastoma multiforme

Chong PK, Loo AV

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Dec;63(5):406-7.

PMID: 19803301 MyJurnal

We report a 33-year-old Chinese gentleman who presented with visual epilepsy and symptoms of raised intracranial pressure in which clinical examination revealed normal visual fields and acuity despite Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) brain showing large contrast enhancing mass at the right occipital lobe. Craniotomy and excision of tumour was done and the histology confirmed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). He completed radiotherapy and recovered well except developing left inferior homonymous quadrantropia post operatively which improved with time.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/etiology; Hallucinations/pathology*; Hallucinations/surgery

Disease, disorder, or deception? Latah as habit in a Malay extended family

Bartholomew RE

J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., 1994 Jun;182(6):331-8; discussion 339-41.

PMID: 8201305 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-199406000-00004

Thirty-seven cases of latah are examined within the author's Malay extended family (N = 115). Based on ethnographic data collected and a literature review, cases are readily divisible into two broad categories: habitual (N = 33) and performance (N = 4). The first form represents an infrequent, culturally conditioned habit that is occasionally used as a learned coping strategy in the form of a cathartic stress response to sudden startle with limited secondary benefits (i.e., exhibiting brief verbal obscenity with impunity). In this sense, it is identical to Western swearing. Performers are engaged in conscious, ritualized social gain through the purported exploitation of a neurophysiological potential. The latter process is essentially irrelevant, akin to sneezing or yawning. It is concluded that latah is a social construction of Western-trained universalist scientists. The concept of malingering and fraud in anthropology is critically discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations/diagnosis; Hallucinations/ethnology; Hallucinations/epidemiology

Fulltext Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder with suicidal attempt: a case report

Tengku Mohd Saifuddin, Chong Wei Wei, Aida Farina Ismail, Noorul Amilin Harun

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2018;27(1):0-0.

MyJurnal

Alcohol-induced psychotic disorder (AIPD) is a rare complication of alcohol
abuse which is characterized by an acute onset of auditory or visual
hallucinations that occur either during or after a period of heavy alcohol
consumption. Other symptoms include delusions, thought disorder,
psychomotor disturbances, and abnormal affect. To establish the diagnosis,
one must rule out other disorders such as alcohol withdrawal delirium or
other psychotic disorders. Although it is well recognised, relatively little is
known about the condition. Moreover, the pathogenesis and treatment of
AIPD are still unclear despite high co-morbidity with other psychiatric
disorders, high re-hospitalization as well as mortality rates and suicidal
behaviour. Therefore, the prognosis appears less favourable. We present a
case of young man with AIPD with suicidal attempt secondary to auditory
hallucination.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext Retrospective review on patients admitted for violent crime in Permai Hospital, Malaysia

Najwa Hanim, M.R., Abdul Kadir, A.B., Badiah, Y.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2011;20(1):1-8.

MyJurnal

Objective: To study the demographic data of patients and the pattern of crime in the study group, to look at the outcome of assessment by psychiatrist on fitness to plea and insanity at time of offense and to assess association between the nature of crime with presence of psychopathology during the crime. Method: This is a retrospective study. All available case notes for 342 forensic admissions from January 2007 until March 2010 were reviewed. All related information on 135 patients that committed violent crime was taken for analysis. Result: Majority of patients were male, Malay, single, education up to secondary school and unemployed. Only 38% of patients had encountered psychiatric services, 20% had previous imprisonment and 49% had history of substance usage. In cases involving victims (87%), 64% the victims were known to the patient, 53% had hallucination or delusion or both at the time of crime and 90% was found to have some diagnosis of mental illness after psychiatrist assessment. Only 81% of formal forensic reports were available in the case note and it showed 94% were fit to plea and 82% were at sound mind at the time of offense. Conclusion: Substance abuse had high prevalence among the patient. Almost 2/3 never had any encounter with psychiatric services before the admission. Even with the high percentage of patient diagnosed with mental illness, they were still found to be fit to plea in court and are at sound mind at the time of offense

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext Comorbid charles bonnet syndrome in tourette disorder: a case report

Renganathan, A. Kanni, Maniam, T.

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2009;10(2):194-198.

MyJurnal

Objective: This is a case report discussing about the Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS). CBS is a condition in which extremely vivid and well-formed visual hallucinations occur episodically with great profusion. They are typically experienced in clear consciousness, and
the insight is either retained or very quickly attained into the unreal nature of the phenomena. Method: We report a case of a 70 year-old Malaysian male who has been suffering from Tourette disorder for the past 40 years and was blind bilaterally. Results: He presented with episodic, nocturnal visual hallucinations. These occurred in clear
consciousness and the patient’s insight to these experiences was retained. There was no history of any other major psychiatric illness in this patient. Conclusion: This case illustrates a diagnosis of CBS with the differential diagnoses of epilepsy and other organic conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext Psychosis post craniotomy for craniopharyngioma

Siti Rohana Abdul Hadi, Saminah Md Kassim, Suriati Mohamed Saini

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2013;14(2):183-186.

MyJurnal

Objective: This case report highlights psychosis post craniopharyngioma surgery.

Methods: We report a case of a young Malay lady who presented with psychotic symptoms after she underwent craniotomy for craniopharyngioma.

Results: Presence of prominent hallucinations and delusions after removal of the tumour and the symptoms lasted more than a month. The psychosis subsided with antipsychotic.

Conclusion: Psychosis post craniopharyngioma surgery is still possible whether possibly due to the residual tumour or as a result of treatment sequealae.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext Recollections Expressed by Mechanically Ventilated Patients of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM)

Ho, Siew Eng, Hamidah Hassan, Sanisah Saidi, Syed Zulkfli

Medicine & Health, 2008;3(1):46-53.

MyJurnal

Ventilated patients who require intensive care unit (ICU) treatment may encounter unpleasant experiences. These experiences may include factual incidents and delusional memories of ICU such as dreams, hallucinations and frightening experiences. A cross sectional study using “Intensive Care Experience Questionnaire” consisted of four domains: awareness of surrounding, frightening experiences, recall of experience and satisfaction with nursing care. Forty five participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited in this study. This study was conducted in ICU of HUKM from January to March 2006. Results showed that 20 respondents (44%) were aware of their surrounding and 31 respondents (69%) reported frightening experiences. Majority of respondents (43 respondents, 96%) reported satisfaction with the delivery of nursing care. There was positive correlation between awareness of surrounding and their abilities to recall their experiences (p

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext Psychotic Manifestation in a patient with wolfram syndrome (DIDMOAD)

Ramli, M., Fatnoon, N.N.A., Rohaidah, S.A.

Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 2014;23(1):68-72.

MyJurnal

Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare neurodegerative disorder which is characterized by presentation of diabetes insipidus, juvenile diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy and deafness. We describe a case of WFS with presentation of psychosis. A 17-year-old female presented with psychiatric manifestations, namely inappropriate behaviour and second person auditory hallucination since the age of 16 years. The patient was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus at the age of 10 years old and subsequently progressive hearing and visual loss a year later. Her ophthalmic evaluation revealed total blindness due to optic atrophy. However she did not have renal dysfunction and diabetes insipidus which are also features of the syndrome. There is scarce literature to describe on psychiatric presentation in WFS. In the past, the psychiatric manifestation which was reported most of times was mood and suicidal behaviour. Hardly any article reported about psychosis (hallucination). We believe, her psychiatric manifestations were related to sensory deprivation due to blindness and deafness caused by the progression of WFS.

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

Fulltext The dimensions of auditory hallucination in schizophrenia: association with depressive symptoms and quality of life

Janaki, V., Suzaily, W., Abdul Hamid, A.R., Hazli, Z., Azmawati, M.N.

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(2):55-64.

MyJurnal

Introduction: Auditory hallucination (AH) is often unexplored in depth in clinical practice. This study sought
to ascertain the relationship between AH, depressive symptoms and quality of life (QOL) and its association
with socio-demographic and clinical variables.

Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in a
psychiatry unit involving 60 schizophrenic patients between 18 to 60 years old. Psychotic Symptom Rating
Scale – Auditory Hallucination subscale (PSYRATS-AH), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS)
and World Health Organization Quality of Life-Brief scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were used as instruments.

Results: Alcohol intake was found to be significantly associated with the severity of AH. A significant
moderate positive correlation was found between AH total score and CDSS (r=0.53, p

Matched MeSH terms: Hallucinations

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