Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 37 in total

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  1. A case report of pyloric intussusception secondary to helicobacter pylori hyperplastic polyps
    Wan Najmi WD, Noorfizura A, Wan Anna MA
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 02;71(1):35-6.
    PMID: 27130744
    We report a middle age man who presented with intermittent vomiting and loss of weight. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy showed numerous antral hyperplastic polyps with inaccessible duodenum. Contrast enhanced computed topography demonstrated a classical target sign of intussusception. This finding was later confirmed at laparotomy. This rare presentation and management strategy is discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  2. Fulltext Helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer disease--a causal link
    Goh KL
    Med J Malaysia, 1997 Jun;52(2):161-8.
    PMID: 10968075
    The link between Helicobacter. pylori and peptic ulcer disease in 1997 is an irrefutable one. The association between infection and ulcerogenesis has been shown to be biologically plausible with induction of epithelial inflammation and cell damage and its effect on gastrin/acid homeostasis. The association of H. pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease is a close and consistent one. There is ample evidence indicating that H. pylori eradication results in virtual abolition of ulcer relapse. Several studies have demonstrated that eradication of H. pylori results in ulcer healing and there is evidence showing a temporal relationship between infection and development of peptic ulcer disease.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  3. Fulltext Helicobacter pylori Infection and Related Gastrointestinal Diseases in Southeast Asian Countries: An Expert Opinion Survey
    Quach DT, Vilaichone RK, Vu KV, Yamaoka Y, Sugano K, Mahachai V
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2018 Dec 25;19(12):3565-3569.
    PMID: 30583684
    Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is currently considered as an infectious disease irrespective of symptoms and stage of disease. This study aimed to survey the impact of H. pylori infection and the current management approaches in Southeast Asian countries.
    Materials and methods: This is a survey among 26 experts from 9 Southeast Asian countries (Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam), who attended a meeting to develop the ASEAN consensus on H. pylori management in November 2015.
    Results: The prevalence of H. pylori varied significantly from 20% to 69% among countries, highest in Myanmar and lowest in Malaysia. The rate of H. pylori infection in patients with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer (GC) also varied significantly, not only among countries but also among regions within the same country. The most common method for H. pylori diagnosis before treatment was rapid urease test, followed by urea breath test. In multi-ethnic countries, some ethnic groups including Chinese, Batak and Minahasanese were considered as having higher risk of GC. There have been no national screening programs for GC in all countries, and a majority of patients with GC were diagnosed in advanced stages with very poor 5-year survival.
    Conclusions: The prevalence of H. pylori infection and its infection rates in related gastrointestinal diseases were significantly different among Southeast Asian countries. The prognosis of patients with GC in the region was very poor. The result of this survey is a platform for future international and regional research collaboration.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  4. Helicobacter pylori: molecular detection of vacA gene and vacuolating activity in human gastric adenocarcinoma cells
    Alfizah H, Noraziah MZ, Chao MY, Rahman MM, Ramelah M
    Clin Ter, 2013;164(4):301-5.
    PMID: 24045512 DOI: 10.7417/CT.2013.1577
    Helicobacter pylori strains secrete a vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), plays an important role for the development of peptic ulcer disease and gastro-duodenal diseases. vacA gene is responsible to regulate the activity of the vacuolating cytotoxin. The objective of this study was molecular detection of vacA gene and observes the vacuolating activity on human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  5. Fulltext Helicobacter pylori infection--a boon or a bane: lessons from studies in a low-prevalence population
    Lee YY, Mahendra Raj S, Graham DY
    Helicobacter, 2013 Oct;18(5):338-46.
    PMID: 23607896 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12058
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is etiologically associated with gastric cancer and peptic ulcer diseases which are both important public health burdens which could be largely eliminated by H. pylori eradication. However, some investigators urge caution based on the hypothesis that eradication of H. pylori may result in an increase in the incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and childhood asthma. The ethnic Malays of northeastern Peninsular Malaysia have long had a low prevalence of H. pylori infection and, as expected, the incidence of gastric cancer and its precursor lesions is exceptionally low. The availability of a population with a low H. pylori prevalence and generally poor sanitation allows separation of H. pylori from the hygiene hypothesis and direct testing of whether absence of H. pylori is associated with untoward consequence. Contrary to predictions, in Malays, erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus, distal esophageal cancers, and childhood asthma are all of low incidence. This suggests that H. pylori is not protective rather the presence of H. pylori infection is likely a surrogate for poor hygiene and not an important source of antigens involved in the hygiene hypothesis. Helicobacter pylori in Malays is related to transmission from H. pylori-infected non-Malay immigrants. The factors responsible for low H. pylori acquisition, transmission, and burden of H. pylori infection in Malays remain unclear and likely involves a combination of environmental, host (gene polymorphisms), and strain virulence factors. Based on evidence from this population, absence of H. pylori infection is more likely to be boon than a bane.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications
  6. Extragastrointestinal manifestations of Helicobacter pylori infection: facts or myth? A critical review
    Tan HJ, Goh KL
    J Dig Dis, 2012 Jul;13(7):342-9.
    PMID: 22713083 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-2980.2012.00599.x
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is reported to be associated with many extragastrointestinal manifestations, such as hematological diseases [idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and unexplained iron deficiency anemia (IDA)], cardiovascular diseases (ischemic heart diseases), neurological disorders (stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease), obesity and skin disorders. Among these, the best evidence so far is in ITP and unexplained IDA, with high-quality studies showing the improvement of IDA and ITP after H. pylori eradication. The evidence of its association with coronary artery disease is weak and many of the results may be erroneous. The role of H. pylori infection in affecting serum leptin and ghrelin levels has attracted a lot of attention recently and available data to date have been conflicting. There have also been many uncontrolled, small sample studies suggesting an association between H. pylori infection and neurological disorders or chronic urticaria. However, more studies are required to clarify such proposed causal links.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  7. Incidence of esophageal carcinoma among Malays in North-Eastern Peninsular Malaysia: an area with an exceptionally low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection
    Lee YY, Raj SM, Sharif SE, Salleh R, Ayub MC, Graham DY
    Dig Dis Sci, 2011 May;56(5):1438-43.
    PMID: 21082350 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1473-1
    Obesity, gastroesophageal reflux, and Barrett's esophagus have all been linked to esophageal adenocarcinoma. In addition, the decline in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in affluent societies has also been suggested to be a major factor in the recent rise in the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma. If H. pylori infection has a protective role, populations with a naturally low prevalence of H. pylori infection such as the ethnic Malays of Northeastern Peninsular Malaysia should have high rates of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications
  8. Fulltext Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: Indian enigma
    Misra V, Pandey R, Misra SP, Dwivedi M
    World J Gastroenterol, 2014 Feb 14;20(6):1503-9.
    PMID: 24587625 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1503
    Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium which resides in the mucous linings of the stomach. It has been implicated in the causation of various gastric disorders including gastric cancer. The geographical distribution and etiology of gastric cancer differ widely in different geographical regions and H. pylori, despite being labeled as a grade I carcinogen, has not been found to be associated with gastric cancer in many areas. Studies in Asian countries such as Thailand, India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Iran, Saudi Arabian countries, Israel and Malaysia, have reported a high frequency of H. pylori infection co-existing with a low incidence of gastric cancer. In India, a difference in the prevalence of H. pylori infection and gastric cancer has been noted even in different regions of the country leading to a puzzle when attempting to find the causes of these variations. This puzzle of H. pylori distribution and gastric cancer epidemiology is known as the Indian enigma. In this review we have attempted to explain the Indian enigma using evidence from various Indian studies and from around the globe. This review covers aspects of epidemiology, the various biological strains present in different parts of the country and within individuals, the status of different H. pylori-related diseases and the molecular pathogenesis of the bacterium.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications
  9. Fulltext Epidemiology of functional dyspepsia: a global perspective
    Mahadeva S, Goh KL
    World J Gastroenterol, 2006 May 07;12(17):2661-6.
    PMID: 16718749 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v12.i17.2661
    Dyspepsia refers to group of upper gastrointestinal symptoms that occur commonly in adults. Dyspepsia is known to result from organic causes, but the majority of patients suffer from non-ulcer or functional dyspepsia. Epidemiological data from population-based studies of various geographical locations have been reviewed, as they provide more realistic information. Population-based studies on true functional dyspepsia (FD) are few, due to the logistic difficulties of excluding structural disease in large numbers of people. Globally, the prevalence of uninvestigated dyspepsia (UD) varies between 7%-45%, depending on definition used and geographical location, whilst the prevalence of FD has been noted to vary between 11%-29.2%. Risk factors for FD have been shown to include females and underlying psychological disturbances, whilst environmental/ lifestyle habits such as poor socio-economic status, smoking, increased caffeine intake and ingestion of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to be more relevant to UD. It is clear that dyspepsia and FD in particular are common conditions globally, affecting most populations, regardless of location.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications
  10. Primary versus secondary immune thrombocytopenia in adults; a comparative analysis of clinical and laboratory attributes in newly diagnosed patients in Southern Pakistan
    Sultan S, Ahmed SI, Murad S, Irfan SM
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 10;71(5):269-274.
    PMID: 28064294
    BACKGROUND: Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is a hemorrhagic diathesis, characterized by platelets destruction alongside impaired production. Patients from Asian regions often exhibit distinctive characteristics in comparison to the western patients. We accomplished this study to evaluate the prevalence of primary versus secondary ITP along with the comparative analysis between them. The secondary objective was to determine the etiological spectrum of secondary ITP.

    METHODS: We illustrate the results of a large cohort of newly diagnosed adults ITP from southern Pakistan. The study extended from January 2009-December 2013. Complete blood counts, HbsAg, Anti-HCV, ANA, stool for Helicobacterpylori were done on all. HIV, TSH, anti-dsDNA, RA factor, APLA and direct coombs test were evaluated in cases where indicated.

    RESULTS: A total of 417 patients were included with a mean age of 40.95±14.82 years. Primarily disease was observed in the 3rd decade of life. Male to female ratio was 1:1.5. Mean platelets count was 46.21±27.45x109/l. At diagnosis 43.16% (n=180) patients had hemorrhagic manifestations whilst 56.8% (n=237) were asymptomatic. None of the patient presented with visceral, retropharyngeal or intracranial bleed. The prevalence of secondary ITP was substantially higher (64.8%) as compared to primary ITP (35.2%). Secondary ITP was predominantly seen in HCV reactive patients (24.4%) followed by helicobacter-pylori infection (11%). Nevertheless 16.4% patients had underlying autoimmune disorders. Providentially no study subject was found to be HIV reactive.

    CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed predominance of secondary ITP. However bleeding manifestations and degree of thrombocytopenia were high in primary-ITP. Infectious etiology followed by autoimmune disorders is mainly implicated for secondary ITP in our setting.

    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  11. Fulltext Efficacy of helicobacter pylori eradication as an upfront treatment of secondary immune thrombocytopenia: an experience from Pakistan
    Sultan S, Irfan SM, Kaker J, Hasan M
    Med J Malaysia, 2016 04;71(2):53-6.
    PMID: 27326941
    BACKGROUND: The effect of Helicobacter-pylori eradication therapy on the platelet counts in patients with immune thrombocytopenia is still debatable. The aim of this study was to assess the response rates of standard triple eradication therapy in secondary immune thrombocytopenia with Helicobacter pylori infection.

    METHODS: From January 2012 to December 2013, 197 patients were diagnosed to have immune thrombocytopenia, out of which 22(11.1%) patients infected with Helicobacter- Pylorus were enrolled in this study. Helicobacter-Pylori infection was documented by Helicobacter-pylori stool antigen enzyme immunoassay method. All positive patients were put on triple eradication therapy. The responses rates to treatment were defined as per International Working Group on ITP.

    RESULTS: Mean age of patients was 43.18±12.5 years. There were 10(45.5%) males and 12 (54.5%) females. Of the 22 patients, 7(31.8%) exhibited a complete response (CR) to Hpylori eradication therapy; 10(45.4%) attained a response; and 5(22.7%) had no response. Mean base line platelet counts were 53.36±24.5x109/l, while platelet counts at 4 week following eradication was 80.86±51.0x109/l (P=0.003). The predictive factor of response following eradication therapy was baseline platelet counts. Virtually all responders had baseline platelet counts >30x109/l and all non-responders had <30x109/l of platelet counts.

    CONCLUSIONS: Though the prevalence of H-pylori is low, this study confirmed the efficacy of eradication in increasing the platelet counts in H-pylori positive patients with ITP. It is an important measure in short time, safe and very cost effective to achieve platelets increment. We endorse the routine detection and eradication treatment of H-pylori infective ITP patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications
  12. Distribution of gastric adenocarcinoma subtypes in different ethnicities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
    Sukri A, Hanafiah A, Kosai NR, Taher MM, Mohamed Rose I
    Malays J Pathol, 2017 Dec;39(3):235-242.
    PMID: 29279585 MyJurnal
    The multiracial population in Malaysia has lived together for almost a century, however, the risk of gastric cancer among them varies. This study aimed to determine the distribution of different gastric adenocarcinoma subtypes and Helicobacter pylori infection status among gastric adenocarcinoma patients. Patients with gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled from November 2013 to June 2015. Blood samples were collected for detection of H. pylori using ELISA method. Gastric adenocarcinoma cases were more prevalent in the Chinese (52.8%), followed by the Malays (41.7%) and least prevalent in the Indians (5.6%). Gastric adenocarcinoma located in the cardia was significantly more prevalent in the Malays (66.7%) compared to the Chinese (26.3%), whereas non-cardia cancer was diagnosed more in the Chinese (73.7%) compared to the Malays (33.3%) [P = 0.019; OR = 5.6, 95 CI: 1.27 to 24.64]. The Malays also had significantly higher prevalence of gastric tumour located at the cardia or fundus than other gastric sites compared to the Chinese (P = 0.002; OR: 11.2, 95% CI: 2.2 to 56.9). Among the cardia gastric cancer patients, 55.6% of the Malays showed intestinal histological subtype, whereas all the Chinese had the diffuse subtype. More than half of the patients (55.3%) with gastric adenocarcinoma were positive for H. pylori infection and among them, 66.7% were Chinese patients. The risk of gastric adenocarcinoma in our population is different among ethnicities. Further studies on host factors are needed as it might play an important role in gastric cancer susceptibility in our population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications
  13. A Review of Gastric Cancer Research in Malaysia
    Lim KG, Palayan K
    Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2019 Jan 25;20(1):5-11.
    PMID: 30677863
    Incidence rates of gastric cancer in Malaysia has declined by 48% among males and 31% among females in the latest reporting period of 13 years. Malays used to have age-standardized-rates only a fifth of those in Chinese and Indians, but the incidence among them is slightly rising even as the rates drop in the other races. Besides ethnicity, a low level of education, high intake of salted fish and vegetables, H pylori infection and smoking are risk factors. Consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable is protective. Variation in the strains of H pylori infection affect gastric cancer risk, with hspEAsia isolates among Chinese appearing linked to a high incidence than with hpAsia2 or hpEurope strains among Indians and Malays. It was reported in the 1980s that only about 3% of patients presented with early gastric cancer, but more encouraging rates reaching 27% with Stage 1 and 2 disease have been reported in the twenty-first century from leading centres. More tumours occur in the distal stomach except in Kelantan, where the incidence is low and main site is the cardia. Prompt endoscopy is advocated and open access, with direct referrals, to such services using a weighted scoring system should be more utilized. In view of the high rate of late disease laparoscopic staging unnecessary laparotomy needs to be avoided. Late presentation of gastric cancer however, is still predominant and the mortality to incidence ratio is relatively high. Besides seeking to reduce risk factors and achieve early detection, implementation of improved care for patients with late disease must be promoted in Malaysia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  14. Fulltext Helicobacter pylori vacA as marker for gastric cancer and gastroduodenal diseases: one but not the only factor
    Abadi AT, Lee YY
    J Clin Microbiol, 2014 Dec;52(12):4451.
    PMID: 25399000 DOI: 10.1128/JCM.02640-14
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  15. Fulltext Changes in Metabolic Hormones in Malaysian Young Adults following Helicobacter pylori Eradication
    Yap TW, Leow AH, Azmi AN, Francois F, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ, et al.
    PLoS One, 2015;10(8):e0135771.
    PMID: 26291794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135771
    More than half of the world's adults carry Helicobacter pylori. The eradication of H. pylori may affect the regulation of human metabolic hormones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H. pylori eradication on meal-associated changes in appetite-controlled insulinotropic and digestive hormones, and to assess post-eradication changes in body mass index as part of a currently on-going multicentre ESSAY (Eradication Study in Stable Adults/Youths) study.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  16. Dual role of Helicobacter and Campylobacter species in IBD: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Castaño-Rodríguez N, Kaakoush NO, Lee WS, Mitchell HM
    Gut, 2017 02;66(2):235-249.
    PMID: 26508508 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310545
    OBJECTIVE: To conduct a comprehensive global systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between Helicobacter pylori infection and IBD. As bacterial antigen cross-reactivity has been postulated to be involved in this association, published data on enterohepatic Helicobacter spp (EHS) and Campylobacter spp and IBD was also analysed.

    DESIGN: Electronic databases were searched up to July 2015 for all case-control studies on H. pylori infection/EHS/Campylobacter spp and IBD. Pooled ORs (P-OR) and 95% CIs were obtained using the random effects model. Heterogeneity, sensitivity and stratified analyses were performed.

    RESULTS: Analyses comprising patients with Crohn's disease (CD), UC and IBD unclassified (IBDU), showed a consistent negative association between gastric H. pylori infection and IBD (P-OR: 0.43, p value <1e-10). This association appears to be stronger in patients with CD (P-OR: 0.38, p value <1e-10) and IBDU (P-OR: 0.43, p value=0.008) than UC (P-OR: 0.53, p value <1e-10). Stratification by age, ethnicity and medications showed significant results. In contrast to gastric H. pylori, non H. pylori-EHS (P-OR: 2.62, p value=0.001) and Campylobacter spp, in particular C. concisus (P-OR: 3.76, p value=0.006) and C. showae (P-OR: 2.39, p value=0.027), increase IBD risk.

    CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori infection is negatively associated with IBD regardless of ethnicity, age, H. pylori detection methods and previous use of aminosalicylates and corticosteroids. Antibiotics influenced the magnitude of this association. Closely related bacteria including EHS and Campylobacter spp increase the risk of IBD. These results infer that H. pylori might exert an immunomodulatory effect in IBD.

    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications
  17. Further evidence for an exceptionally low prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among peptic ulcer patients in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia
    Raj SM, Yap K, Haq JA, Singh S, Hamid A
    Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 2001 3 31;95(1):24-7.
    PMID: 11280057
    The Helicobacter pylori infection rate was determined in 124 consecutive patients with duodenal ulcers (DU), gastric ulcers (GU), duodenal erosions or gastric erosions diagnosed by endoscopy at a single institution in north-eastern peninsular Malaysia in 1996-97. Biopsies of the gastric antrum and body were subjected to the urease test, Gram staining of impression smears, culture and histopathological examination. Serology was undertaken on all patients using a locally validated commercial kit. Infection was defined as a positive result in at least one test. The infection rates were 20% (10/50), 21.2% (7/33), 16.7% (1/6) and 17.1% (6/35) in DU, GU, duodenal erosion and gastric erosion patients, respectively. The infection rate among Malays [7.0%, (6/86)] was lower than in non-Malays [47.4% (18/38)] (P < 0.001). There was a higher infection rate among males, who constituted 62.1% (77/124) of the sample. Seventy-eight patients (62.9%) were receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and 33 patients (26.6%) were neither receiving NSAIDs nor were infected with H. pylori. The H. pylori infection rate among peptic ulcer patients in this predominantly Malay rural population appears to be the lowest reported in the world thus far. Empirical H. pylori eradication therapy in peptic ulcer patients is clearly not indicated in this community. The possible reasons for the low prevalence of H. pylori infection are discussed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications
  18. Fulltext Helicobacter pylori: prevalence, clinical and endoscopic findings in children who underwnet upper endoscopy for abdominal ailments
    Nur Atiqah NA, Lim CB
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Dec;56(4):414-7.
    PMID: 12014759
    A total of 97 children aged 1 month to 16 years (mean 6.6 years) had upper endoscopies performed in Paediatric Institute, Kuala Lumpur Hospital between January 1997 and December 1999 for various gastrointestinal symptoms. Of these 70 children were tested for Helicobacter pylori. The four most common indications for upper endoscopy were recurrent abdominal pain, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, epigastric pain and vomiting. The overall prevalence of this infection in this heterogenous group of symptomatic children was 10% (7/70). This study shows that H.pylori positivity in a routine endoscopy population is low and does not appear to be associated with specific symptoms.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  19. Helicobacter pylori infection and non-ulcer dyspepsia: the effect of treatment with colloidal bismuth subcitrate
    Goh KL, Parasakthi N, Peh SC, Wong NW, Lo YL, Puthucheary SD
    Scand. J. Gastroenterol., 1991 Nov;26(11):1123-31.
    PMID: 1754846
    A study was undertaken to determine the role of Helicobacter pylori in non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) and to determine the efficacy of colloidal bismuth subcitrate (CBS) in the treatment of NUD. Seventy-one patients were randomly allocated (double blind) to CBS or placebo, two tablets twice daily for 4 weeks. The severity of dyspepsia was scored and endoscopies performed before and after treatment, and antral biopsy specimens were taken for bacteriologic and histologic examination. Forty patients had H. pylori infection, and all had changes of chronic active gastritis. H. pylori was cleared from 17 to 21 patients (81%) treated with CBS, whereas none of the 19 patients treated with placebo cleared the bacteria. Improvement in histology was noted in 15 of 21 patients (71.4%) treated with CBS, whereas no improvement was noted in any of the placebo controls. Thirty-one patients were negative for H. pylori. All had either normal gastric histology or minor degrees of inflammation. Seventeen of these patients received CBS, and 14 received placebo. All groups reported improvement in the symptom score; however, the H. pylori-positive, CBS-treated group recorded a significantly higher improvement than the other groups (p less than 0.001). Relapse of H. pylori infection after initial clearance of the bacteria was high. Twelve of 16 patients evaluated relapsed 1 month after withdrawal of CBS.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
  20. Ethnicity and H. pylori as risk factors for gastric cancer in Malaysia: A prospective case control study
    Goh KL, Cheah PL, Md N, Quek KF, Parasakthi N
    Am J Gastroenterol, 2007 Jan;102(1):40-5.
    PMID: 17100981
    To determine the risk factors for gastric cancer (GCA), with particular emphasis on ethnicity in our multiracial population.
    Matched MeSH terms: Helicobacter Infections/complications*
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