MyMedR

Progress in waste valorization using advanced pyrolysis techniques for hydrogen and gaseous fuel production

Foong SY, Chan YH, Cheah WY, Kamaludin NH, Tengku Ibrahim TNB, Sonne C, et al.

Bioresour Technol, 2021 Jan;320(Pt A):124299.

PMID: 33129091 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124299

Hydrogen and gaseous fuel derived from wastes have opened up promising alternative pathways for the production of renewable and sustainable fuels to substitute classical fossil energy resources that cause global warming and pollution. Existing review articles focus mostly on gasification, reforming and pyrolysis processes, with limited information on particularly gaseous fuel production via pyrolysis of various waste products. This review provides an overview on the recent advanced pyrolysis technology used in hydrogen and gaseous fuel production. The key parameters to maximize the production of specific compounds were discussed. More studies are needed to optimize the process parameters and improve the understanding of reaction mechanisms and co-relationship between these advanced techniques. These advanced techniques provide novel environmentally sustainable and commercially procedures for waste-based production of hydrogen and gaseous fuels.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen*

Investigation of putative arene-C-H···π(quasi-chelate ring) interactions in copper(I) crystal structures

Yeo CI, Halim SN, Ng SW, Tan SL, Zukerman-Schpector J, Ferreira MA, et al.

Chem Commun (Camb), 2014 Jun 7;50(45):5984-6.

PMID: 24763907 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc02040e

Evidence for C-H···π(CuCl···HNCS) interactions, i.e. C-H···π(quasi-chelate ring) where a six-membered quasi-chelate ring is closed by an N-H···Cl hydrogen bond, is presented based on crystal structure analyses of (Ph3P)2Cu[ROC(=S)N(H)Ph]Cl. Similar intramolecular interactions are identified in related literature structures. Calculations suggest that the energy of attraction provided by such interactions approximates 3.5 kcal mol(-1).

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

trans-cis S-benzyl dithiocarbazate

Shanmuga Sundara Raj S, Yamin BM, Yussof YA, Tarafder MT, Fun HK, Grouse KA

Acta Crystallogr C, 2000 Oct;56 (Pt 10):1236-7.

PMID: 11025309

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(8)H(10)N(2)S(2), the molecules are linked by N-H.S hydrogen bonds between the imino group and the thione-S atoms to form a chain along the b axis. The dithiocarbazate moiety is rotated by 85.8 (2) degrees with respect to the phenyl ring.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

A 1:1 adduct of hexamethylenetetramine and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde

Usman A, Chantrapromma S, Fun HK, Poh BL, Karalai C

Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Jan;58(Pt 1):o48-50.

PMID: 11781494

In the title complex, C6H12N4*C8H8O3, the hexamethylenetetramine molecule accepts a single intermolecular O-H...N hydrogen bond from the hydroxy group of the 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde moiety. The non-centrosymmetric crystal structure is built from alternating molecular sheets of 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and hexamethylenetetramine molecules, and is stabilized by intermolecular O-H...N, C-H...O and C-H...pi interactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

Hexamethylenetetraminium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate

Usman A, Chantrapromma S, Fun HK, Poh BL, Karalai C

Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Jan;58(Pt 1):o46-7.

PMID: 11781493

In the title complex, the 1:1 ionic adduct of hexamethylenetetraminium and 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate, C6H13N4+*C6H2N3O7-, the cation acts as a donor for bifurcated hydrogen bonds to the O atoms of the phenolate and one of the nitro groups of the 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate anion. The crystal structure is built from sheets of cations and anions, and is stabilized by intermolecular C-H...O and C-H...pi interactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

(Dibenzyl sulfoxide-kappa O)bis(1,3-diphenylpropane-1,3-dionato-kappa(2)O,O')dioxouranium(VI)

Fun HK, Kannan S, Usman A, Abdul-Razak I, Chantrapromma S

Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Jul;58(Pt 7):m368-70.

PMID: 12094029

In the title compound, [UO(2)(C(15)H(11)O(2))(2)(C(14)H(14)OS)], the U(VI) atom is coordinated by seven O atoms in a distorted pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry. Both diphenylpropane-1,3-dionate systems are nearly planar. The sulfoxide moiety is in a distorted tetrahedral geometry, while its two aromatic rings are nearly orthogonal to one another. The crystal packing is stabilized by two bifurcated hydrogen-bonding interactions involving both uranyl O atoms.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

4-Hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde 4,5-diazafluoren-9-ylidenehydrazone

Shanmuga Sundara Raj S, Fun HK, Lu ZL, Xiao W, Gong XY, Gen CM

Acta Crystallogr C, 2000 Aug;56 (Pt 8):1015-6.

PMID: 10944310

The whole molecule of the title compound, C(19)H(14)N(4)O(2), is essentially planar, with a highly conjugated pi system. In the crystal, the molecules are packed as chains along the [011] direction connected by O-H.N intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

Bis(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoylthio)acetic acid

Low KS, Muniandy S, Naumov P, Shanmuga Sundara Raj S, Fun HK, Razak IA, et al.

Acta Crystallogr C, 2000 Mar 15;56(Pt 3):E113-4.

PMID: 15263222

Bis(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoylthio)acetic acid, [(CH(3))(2)NC(=S)S](2)CHC(=O)OH or C(8)H(14)N(2)O(2)S(4), exists as a centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimer [O.O 2.661 (3) A].

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

Engineered nano-foam of tri-metallic (FeCuCo) oxide catalyst for enhanced hydrogen generation via NaBH4 hydrolysis

Patil KN, Prasad D, Bhagyashree, Manoorkar VK, Nabgan W, Nagaraja BM, et al.

Chemosphere, 2021 Oct;281:130988.

PMID: 34289632 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130988

Catalytic hydrolysis of sodium borohydride can potentially be considered as a convenient and safe method to generate hydrogen, an environmentally clean and sustainable fuel for the future. The present effort establishes the development of FeCuCo tri-metallic oxide catalyst by a simple, single-step solution combustion synthesis (SCS) method for hydrogen generation from NaBH4 hydrolysis. Amongst series of FeCuCo tri-metallic oxide catalyst synthesized, FeCuCo with 50:37.5:12.5 wt% respective precursor loading displayed remarkable activity by generating hydrogen at the rate of 1380 mL min-1 g-1 (1242 mL in 18 min) with turnover frequency (TOF) of 62.02 mol g-1 min-1. The catalyst was characterized by using various techniques to understand their physiochemical and morphological properties. The results revealed that the catalyst synthesized by combustion method led to the formation of FeCuCo with appreciable surface area, porous foam-like morphology and high surface acidity. Major factors affecting the hydrolysis of NaBH4 such as catalyst loading, NaOH concentration and temperature variation were studied in detail. Additionally, the FeCuCo catalyst also displayed substantial recyclability performance up to eight cycles without considerable loss in its catalytic activity. Therefore, FeCuCo oxide can be demonstrated as one of the most efficient, cost effective tri-metallic catalyst so far for application in the hydrogen generation.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen*

Enhancing hydrogen production through anode fed-batch mode and controlled cell voltage in a microbial electrolysis cell fully catalysed by microorganisms

Lim SS, Fontmorin JM, Ikhmal Salehmin MN, Feng Y, Scott K, Yu EH

Chemosphere, 2022 Feb;288(Pt 2):132548.

PMID: 34653487 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132548

A microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) fully catalysed by microorganisms is an attractive technology because it incorporates the state-of-the-art concept of converting organic waste to hydrogen with less external energy input than conventional electrolysers. In this work, the impact of the anode feed mode on the production of hydrogen by the biocathode was studied. In the first part, three feed modes and MEC performance in terms of hydrogen production were evaluated. The results showed the highest hydrogen production under the continuous mode (14.6 ± 0.4), followed by the fed-batch (12.7 ± 0.4) and batch (0 L m-2 cathode day-1) modes. On one hand, the continuous mode only increased by 15% even though the hydraulic retention time (HRT) (2.78 h) was lower than the fed-batch mode (HRT 5 h). A total replacement (fed-batch) rather than a constant mix of existing anolyte and fresh medium (continuous) was preferable. On the other hand, no hydrogen was produced in batch mode due to the extensive HRT (24 h) and bioanode starvation. In the second part, the fed-batch mode was further evaluated using a chronoamperometry method under a range of applied cell voltages of 0.3-1.6 V. Based on the potential evolution at the electrodes, three main regions were identified depending on the applied cell voltages: the cathode activation (<0.8 V), transition (0.8-1.1 V), and anode limitation (>1.1 V) regions. The maximum hydrogen production recorded was 12.1 ± 2.1 L m-2 cathode day-1 at 1.0 V applied voltage when the oxidation and reduction reactions at the anode and cathode were optimal (2.38 ± 0.61 A m-2). Microbial community analysis of the biocathode revealed that Alpha-, and Deltaproteobacteria were dominant in the samples with >70% abundance. At the genus level, Desulfovibrio sp. was the most abundant in the samples, showing that these microbes may be responsible for hydrogen evolution.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen*

Fulltext Influence of organic molecules on wetting characteristics of mica/H2/brine systems: Implications for hydrogen structural trapping capacities

Ali M, Yekeen N, Pal N, Keshavarz A, Iglauer S, Hoteit H

J Colloid Interface Sci, 2022 Feb 15;608(Pt 2):1739-1749.

PMID: 34742087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.10.080

HYPOTHESIS: Actualization of the hydrogen (H2) economy and decarbonization goals can be achieved with feasible large-scale H2 geo-storage. Geological formations are heterogeneous, and their wetting characteristics play a crucial role in the presence of H2, which controls the pore-scale distribution of the fluids and sealing capacities of caprocks. Organic acids are readily available in geo-storage formations in minute quantities, but they highly tend to increase the hydrophobicity of storage formations. However, there is a paucity of data on the effects of organic acid concentrations and types on the H2-wettability of caprock-representative minerals and their attendant structural trapping capacities.

EXPERIMENT: Geological formations contain organic acids in minute concentrations, with the alkyl chain length ranging from C4 to C26. To fully understand the wetting characteristics of H2 in a natural geological picture, we aged mica mineral surfaces as a representative of the caprock in varying concentrations of organic molecules (with varying numbers of carbon atoms, lignoceric acid C24, lauric acid C12, and hexanoic acid C6) for 7 days. To comprehend the wettability of the mica/H2/brine system, we employed a contact-angle procedure similar to that in natural geo-storage environments (25, 15, and 0.1 MPa and 323 K).

FINDINGS: At the highest investigated pressure (25 MPa) and the highest concentration of lignoceric acid (10-2 mol/L), the mica surface became completely H2 wet with advancing (θa= 106.2°) and receding (θr=97.3°) contact angles. The order of increasing θa and θr with increasing organic acid contaminations is as follows: lignoceric acid > lauric acid > hexanoic acid. The results suggest that H2 gas leakage through the caprock is possible in the presence of organic acids at higher physio-thermal conditions. The influence of organic contamination inherent at realistic geo-storage conditions should be considered to avoid the overprediction of structural trapping capacities and H2 containment security.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen*

A comparative study based on performance and techno-economic analysis of different strategies for PV-Electrolyzer (green) hydrogen fueling incinerator system

Majeed Butt O, Shakeel Ahmad M, Kai Lun T, Seng Che H, Fayaz H, Abd Rahim N, et al.

Waste Manag, 2023 Feb 01;156:1-11.

PMID: 36424243 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2022.11.016

The integration of hydrogen in the primary energy mix requires a major technological shift in virtually every energy-related application. This study has attempted to investigate the techno-economic solar photovoltaic (PV) integrated water electrolysis and waste incineration system. Three different strategies, i.e., (i) PV + Battery(Hybrid mode with required batteries); (ii) auto-ignition (Direct coupling); and (iii) PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer(Direct coupling assisted with secondary electrolyzer), have been envisioned. The 'PV + Battery' consume 42.42 % and 15.07 % less energy than the auto-ignition and 'PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer' methods. However, the capital cost of 'PV + Battery' has been calculated to be 15.4 % and 11.8 % more than auto-ignition and 'PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer, respectively.The energy consumption relative to waste input, the 'PV + Battery' method used 80 % less energy, while auto-ignition and 'PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer' showed 70.5 % and 77.5 % less energy, respectively. Furthermore, these approaches showed a vast difference in cost-benefit for the longer run. 'PV + Battery' was forecasted to be 73.3 % and 23.3 % more expensive than auto-ignition and 'PV + Secondary-Electrolyzer' methods, respectively, for 30 years. Overall, this study can benefit from using either of these methods depending on the application, usage scale, and climatic conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen*

2-(Nitromethylene)-1,3-dithietane

Shanmuga Sundara Raj S, Surya Prakash Rao H, Sakthikumar L, Fun HK

Acta Crystallogr C, 2000 Sep;56 (Pt 9):1113-4.

PMID: 10986500

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(3)H(3)NO(2)S(2), the four-membered C(2)S(2) ring is planar, as is the whole molecule. The short intramolecular S.O distance of 2.687 (2) A shows the five-atom system to be conjugated. The molecules pack as a two-dimensional network in the (010) plane through short intermolecular S.O [2.900 (2) and 3.077 (2) A] interactions.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen Bonding

Fulltext Kennicutt-Schmidt Law in the Central Region of NGC 4321 as Seen by ALMA

Azeez JH, Hwang CY, Abidin ZZ, Ibrahim ZA

Sci Rep, 2016 06 01;6:26896.

PMID: 27247251 DOI: 10.1038/srep26896

We present the Atacama Large Millimeter/Sub-millimeter Array (ALMA) cycle-0 science verification data of the CO(1-0) line emission in the central region of NGC 4321 (also known as M100) at the distance of 17.1 Mpc and VLA, L-band data of HI of the same galaxy. We have drawn the center area of M100 in the (12)CO(J = 1-0) line with the resolution of (3.87″ × 2.53″) as viewed by ALMA, along with HI and Spitzer 8 and 3.6 μm data. The relationship between the surface density of molecular gas mass ∑H2 and that of star formation rate ∑SFR has been investigated, in addition to the relationship between the surface density of the neutral atomic hydrogen mass and that of ∑SFR (Kennicutt-Schmidt law) in this galaxy with a high spatial resolution. The results indicate that a significant correlation exists between the SFR surface density and the molecular gas mass density in the ~2 kpc region. The power-law index has been determined for three regions: center, upper and lower arms. The value of this index in the center region is 1.13, which follows the traditional (K-S) law and indicates that the molecular gas is affected by star formation.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen

Unraveling the Structural Dynamics of an Enzyme Encapsulated within a Metal-Organic Framework

Tuan Kob TNA, Ismail MF, Abdul Rahman MB, Cordova KE, Mohammad Latif MA

J Phys Chem B, 2020 05 07;124(18):3678-3685.

PMID: 32275422 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02145

Herein, we detail an atomic-level investigation of the cutinase enzyme encapsulated within a model metal-organic framework (MOF) platform using quantum mechanics calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. Cutinase, when encapsulated in an isoreticularly expanded MOF-74 (cutinase@IRMOF-74-VI), was proven to maintain its structural stability at temperatures that would otherwise denature the enzyme in its unprotected native state. Hydrogen bonding and salt bridge interactions, most notably involving arginine residues at the surface of the enzyme, were critical for stabilizing cutinase within the pore channels of IRMOF-74-VI. The findings reported support the viability of enzyme encapsulation in a porous material by demonstrating that a model enzyme not only retains its structural integrity but also remains accessible and active under extreme and foreign conditions.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen production and pollution mitigation: Enhanced gasification of plastic waste and biomass with machine learning & storage for a sustainable future

Bin Abu Sofian ADA, Lim HR, Chew KW, Khoo KS, Tan IS, Ma Z, et al.

Environ Pollut, 2024 Feb 01;342:123024.

PMID: 38030108 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123024

The pursuit of carbon neutrality confronts the twofold challenge of meeting energy demands and reducing pollution. This review article examines the potential of gasifying plastic waste and biomass as innovative, sustainable sources for hydrogen production, a critical element in achieving environmental reform. Addressing the problem of greenhouse gas emissions, the work highlights how the co-gasification of these feedstocks could contribute to environmental preservation by reducing waste and generating clean energy. Through an analysis of current technologies, the potential for machine learning to refine gasification for optimal hydrogen production is revealed. Additionally, hydrogen storage solutions are evaluated for their importance in creating a viable, sustainable energy infrastructure. The economic viability of these production methods is critically assessed, providing insights into both their cost-effectiveness and ecological benefits. Findings indicate that machine learning can significantly improve process efficiencies, thereby influencing the economic and environmental aspects of hydrogen production. Furthermore, the study presents the advancements in these technologies and their role in promoting a transition to a green economy and circular energy practices. Ultimately, the review delineates how integrating hydrogen production from unconventional feedstocks, bolstered by machine learning and advanced storage, can contribute to a sustainable and pollution-free future.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen

Erythrocarpines IN, new limonoids from the barks of Chisocheton erythrocarpus and their neuroprotective effects against hydrogen peroxide in NG108-15 cells

Ngadni MA, Chong SL, Kamarudin MNA, Hazni H, Litaudon M, Supratman U, et al.

Fitoterapia, 2024 Mar;173:105765.

PMID: 38042506 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105765

A phytochemical study on the bark of Chisocheton erythrocarpus Hiern (Meliaceae) has led to the isolation of six new phragmalin-type limonoids named erythrocarpines I - N (1-6) along with one known limonoid, erythrocarpine F (7). Their structures were fully characterized by spectroscopic methods. The pre-treatment of NG108-15 cells with 1-5, 7 (2 h) demonstrated low to good protective effects against H2O2 exposure; 1 (83.77% ± 1.84 at 12.5 μM), 2 (69.07 ± 2.01 at 12.5 μM), 3 (80.38 ± 2.1 at 12.5 μM), 4 (62.33 ± 1.95 at 25 μM),5 (58.67 ± 1.85 at 50 μM) and 7 (66.07 ± 2.03 at 12.5 μM). Interestingly, 1 and 3 demonstrated comparable protective effects to positive control epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) with similar cell viability capacity (≈ 80%), having achieved that at lower concentration (12.5 μM) than EGCG (50 μM). Collectively, the results suggested the promising use of 1 and 3 as potential neuroprotective agents against hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal model.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen Peroxide

Bis(dicyclohexylammonium 3-thienylacetate)

Ng SW, Chantrapromma S, Razak IA, Fun HK

Acta Crystallogr C, 2001 Mar;57(Pt 3):291-2.

PMID: 11250582

The triclinic cell of the title compound contains 2C(12)H(24)N(+) x 2C(6)H(5)O(2)S(-) ion pairs that are linked by four hydrogen bonds [N...O = 2.728 (3) and 2.758 (3) A] across a centre of inversion.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

Piperazine-1,4-diium--2,4-dinitrophenolate--water (1/2/2)

Usman A, Chantrapromma S, Fun HK, Poh BL, Karalai C

Acta Crystallogr C, 2002 Mar;58(Pt 3):o136-8.

PMID: 11870305

In the title 1/2/2 adduct, C(4)H(12)N(2)(2+) x 2C(6)H(3)N(2)O(5)(-) x 2H(2)O, the dication lies on a crystallographic inversion centre and the asymmetric unit also has one anion and one water molecule in general positions. The 2,4-dinitrophenolate anions and the water molecules are linked by two O-H...O and two C-H...O hydrogen bonds to form molecular ribbons, which extend along the b direction. The piperazine dication acts as a donor for bifurcated N-H...O hydrogen bonds with the phenolate O atom and with the O atom of the o-nitro group. Six symmetry-related molecular ribbons are linked to a piperazine dication by N---H.O and C---H.O hydrogen bonds.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

4-(N-Hydroxyethyl-N-methylamino)benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone

Shanmuga Sundara Raj S, Fun HK, Zhang XJ, Tian YP, Xie FX, Ma JL

Acta Crystallogr C, 2000 Oct;56 (Pt 10):1238-9.

PMID: 11025310

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(11)H(16)N(4)OS, the phenyl ring and the thiosemicarbazone moiety from a dihedral angle of 7.7 (1) degrees. The crystal structure is governed by N-H.O and O-H.S hydrogen bonds leading to the formation of a two-dimensional network.

Matched MeSH terms: Hydrogen; Hydrogen Bonding

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