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Fulltext Long term Tai Chi exercise reduced DNA damage and increased lymphocyte apoptosis and proliferation in older adults

Goon JA, Noor Aini AH, Musalmah M, Yasmin Anum MY, Wan Ngah WZ

Med J Malaysia, 2008 Oct;63(4):319-24.
PMID: 19385493 MyJurnal

Effect of Tai Chi exercise on the level of DNA damage using the comet assay, lymphocyte viability and frequency of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) were determined in adults aged above 45. Tai Chi participants of 7 years (n=35), showed higher level of normal DNA and lower level of mild and severely damaged DNA as compared to the sedentary subjects (n=35). The former are suggested to have effective DNA repair mechanism as their frequency of SCE was markedly lower. Higher lymphocyte apoptosis and proliferation found in the Tai Chi participants also indicated that the exercise promotes renewal and regeneration of lymphocytes.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/physiology*
The role of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells on antibody production by murine Peyer's patch cells following mucosal presentation of Actinomyces viscosus

Sosroseno W, Bird PS, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ

Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 2006 Dec;21(6):411-4.
PMID: 17064401

The aim of this study was to determine the role of CD4 and CD8 cells on specific antibody production by murine Peyer's patch (PP) cells after oral immunization with Actinomyces viscosus in mice. Female DBA/2 mice were orally immunized with three low doses of heat-killed A. viscosus. Sham-immunized mice served as a control group. Mice were depleted of CD4 or CD8 cells by intraperitoneal injection of anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 antibodies daily for 3 days before oral immunization. One week after the last oral immunization, PPs were removed and cell suspensions were cultured with A. viscosus. Specific antibody production in the culture supernatants was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that oral immunization with A. viscosus induced a predominant specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) response by PP cells and, to a lesser extent, IgM antibodies. Depletion of CD4 but not CD8 cells suppressed the production of specific antibodies. These results suggest that oral immunization with low doses of A. viscosus may induce the production of specific antibodies by murine PP cells in a CD4-cell-dependent fashion.

Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology*; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology*
Role of CD4 and CD8 T-cells in the induction of oral tolerance to Actinomyces viscosus in mice

Sosroseno W, Bird PS, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ

Oral Microbiol. Immunol., 2006 Jun;21(3):151-8.
PMID: 16626371

Mucosal presentation of Actinomyces viscosus results in the induction of antigen specific systemic suppressor cells in mice. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenotype of the suppressor cells responsible for the induction of oral tolerance to low doses of A. viscosus. When CD8 cell-depleted DBA/2 mice were intragastrically immunized and systemically immunized with A. viscosus, the delayed type hypersensitivity response was suppressed but not the levels of antigen specific serum antibodies. Adoptive transfer of orally tolerized CD4(+) cells to CD4(+)-depleted mice resulted in suppression of delayed type hypersensitivity response but not of the levels of antigen specific serum antibodies. In contrast, adoptive transfer of orally immunized CD8(+) cells to CD8(+)-depleted mice resulted in partially suppressed delayed type hypersensitivity response but significantly inhibited the levels of antigen specific serum antibodies. When orally tolerized CD8(+) cells were cocultured with systemically immunized CD8(+) cell-depleted spleen cells, splenic specific antibodies were inhibited. However, no suppression of splenic specific antibodies could be observed in the cultures containing orally tolerized CD4(+) cells and systemically immunized CD4(+) cell-depleted spleen cells. The results of the present study suggest that oral tolerance of humoral and cellular immunity induced by low doses of A. viscosus may be mediated by CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells, respectively.

Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology*; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology*
Repetitive cryotherapy attenuates the in vitro and in vivo mononuclear cell activation response

Lindsay A, Othman MI, Prebble H, Davies S, Gieseg SP

Exp Physiol, 2016 07 01;101(7):851-65.
PMID: 27094349 DOI: 10.1113/EP085795

What is the central question of this study? Acute and repetitive cryotherapy are routinely used to accelerate postexercise recovery, although the effect on resident immune cells and repetitive exposure has largely been unexplored and neglected. What is the main finding and its importance? Using blood-derived mononuclear cells and semi-professional mixed martial artists, we show that acute and repetitive cryotherapy reduces the in vitro and in vivo T-cell and monocyte activation response whilst remaining independent of the physical performance of elite athletes. We investigated the effect of repetitive cryotherapy on the in vitro (cold exposure) and in vivo (cold water immersion) activation of blood-derived mononuclear cells following high-intensity exercise. Single and repeated cold exposure (5°C) of a mixed cell culture (T cells and monocytes) was investigated using in vitro tissue culture experimentation for total neopterin production (neopterin plus 7,8-dihydroneopterin). Fourteen elite mixed martial art fighters were also randomly assigned to either a cold water immersion (15 min at 10°C) or passive recovery protocol, which they completed three times per week during a 6 week training camp. Urine was collected and analysed for neopterin and total neopterin three times per week, and perceived soreness, fatigue, physical performance (broad jump, push-ups and pull-ups) and training performance were also assessed. Single and repetitive cold exposure significantly (P

Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/physiology
Fulltext Suppression of Human T Cell Proliferation Mediated by the Cathepsin B Inhibitor, z-FA-FMK Is Due to Oxidative Stress

Rajah T, Chow SC

PLoS One, 2015;10(4):e0123711.
PMID: 25915766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123711

The cathepsin B inhibitor, benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanine-alanine-fluoromethyl ketone (z-FA-FMK) readily inhibits anti-CD3-induced human T cell proliferation, whereas the analogue benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanine-alanine-diazomethyl ketone (z-FA-DMK) had no effect. In contrast, benzyloxycarbonyl-phenylalanine-alanine-chloromethyl ketone (z-FA-CMK) was toxic. The inhibition of T cell proliferation mediated by z-FA-FMK requires not only the FMK moiety, but also the benzyloxycarbonyl group at the N-terminal, suggesting some degree of specificity in z-FA-FMK-induced inhibition of primary T cell proliferation. We showed that z-FA-FMK treatment leads to a decrease in intracellular glutathione (GSH) with a concomitant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in activated T cells. The inhibition of anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation mediated by z-FA-FMK was abolished by the presence of low molecular weight thiols such as GSH, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and L-cysteine, whereas D-cysteine which cannot be metabolised to GSH has no effect. The inhibition of anti-CD3-induced up-regulation of CD25 and CD69 expression mediated by z-FA-FMK was also attenuated in the presence of exogenous GSH. Similar to cell proliferation, GSH, NAC and L-cysteine but not D-cysteine, completely restored the processing of caspase-8 and caspase-3 to their respective subunits in z-FA-FMK-treated activated T cells. Our collective results demonstrated that the inhibition of T cell activation and proliferation mediated by z-FA-FMK is due to oxidative stress via the depletion of GSH.

Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/physiology
Mesenchymal stem cells of human placenta and umbilical cord suppress T-cell proliferation at G0 phase of cell cycle

Vellasamy S, Sandrasaigaran P, Vidyadaran S, Abdullah M, George E, Ramasamy R

Cell Biol Int, 2013 Mar;37(3):250-6.
PMID: 23364902 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10033

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) generated from human umbilical cord (UC-MSC) and placenta (PLC-MSC) were assessed and compared for their immunomodulatory function on T cells proliferation by analysis of the cell cycle. Mitogen stimulated or resting T cells were co-cultured in the presence or absence of MSC. T-cell proliferation was assessed by tritiated thymidine ((3) H-TdR) assay and the mechanism of inhibition was examined bycell cycle and apoptosis assay. Both UC-MSC and PLC-MSC profoundly inhibited the proliferation of T-cell, mainly via cell-to-cell contact. MSC-mediated anti-proliferation does not lead to apoptosis,but prevented T cells from entering S phase and they therefore accumulated in the G(0) /G(1) phases. The anti-proliferative activity of MSC was related to this cell cycle arrest of T-cell. UC-MSC produced a greater inhibition than PLC-MSC in all measured parameters.

Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/physiology
Fulltext Changes in heat shock protein 70, blood parameters, and fear-related behavior in broiler chickens as affected by pleasant and unpleasant human contact

Al-Aqil A, Zulkifli I, Hair Bejo M, Sazili AQ, Rajion MA, Somchit MN

Poult Sci, 2013 Jan;92(1):33-40.
PMID: 23243228 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02446

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of combining both pleasant and unpleasant contacts with human beings on physiology and behavior of broiler chickens. Birds were subjected to the following treatments: (i) received no physical or visual contact with humans (control); (ii) from d 1 to 28, chicks were individually stroked gently for 30 s once daily (PL); (iii) from d 1 to 28, chicks were picked up individually, suspended by both legs, exposed to recorded noise, and swung gently for 15 s once daily (UNPL); (iv) from d 1 to 14 and from d 15 to 28, chicks were subjected to PL and UNPL, respectively (PL-UNPL); and (v) from d 1 to 14 and from d 15 to 28, chicks were subjected to UNPL and PL, respectively (UNPL-PL). On d 42, birds from each treatment group were road-transported for 3 h. Heat shock protein (hsp) 70 expression, plasma levels of corticosterone, serum creatine kinase concentration, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios (HLR), and tonic immobility duration were determined pre- and posttransit. There were significant (P < 0.05) duration of transportation × human contact treatment interactions for HLR and hsp 70 density. Following transit, the PL chicks had significantly (P < 0.05) lower HLR and greater hsp 70 density than the other groups. The corticosterone of PL and UNPL chicks were lower than their control, PL-UNPL, and UNPL-PL counterparts. The PL and PL-UNPL treatments were effective in shortening tonic immobility duration significantly (P < 0.05). Except for UNPL-PL, the serum creatine kinase activity of PL was significantly lower than the other groups. In conclusion, subjecting birds to pleasant human contact reduced stress and fear reactions to transportation by enhancing the ability to express hsp 70 in the brain. Unpleasant human contact had adverse effect on the birds' response to transportation. Early age pleasant experience with humans failed to negate the adverse effects of subsequent unpleasant contact.

Matched MeSH terms: Lymphocytes/physiology
Effects of probiotics supplementation and circuit training on immune responses among sedentary young males

Ibrahim NS, Ooi FK, Chen CK, Muhamad AS

J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 2017 07 05;58(7-8):1102-1109.
PMID: 28677946 DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.17.07742-8

BACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests that probiotics may have positive benefits on immune responses following endurance exercise. However, little attention has been given to its possible beneficial effects on immune responses following resistance exercise.
METHODS: Forty-one healthy sedentary males were recruited and randomised into four groups: sedentary control with placebo (C), probiotics (P), circuit training with placebo (Ex), and circuit training with probiotics (PEx) groups. Participants in the Ex and PEx groups performed a progressive load of circuit training at 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Each circuit comprised 10 exercises with work to rest ratio of 1:2. Participants consumed either multi-strain probiotics or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. Body height and weight, blood pressure, resting heart rate, saliva and blood samples were collected at pre- and post-tests.
RESULTS: Saliva flow rate and salivary IgA, α-amylase, lactoferrin and lysozyme responses were not significantly different (P>0.05) between groups and also between pre- and post-test within each group. Similarly, total leukocytes, total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, T-helper, T-cytotoxic, B lymphocytes, and natural killer cells counts were not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the probiotics and/or circuit training. However, circuit training significantly increased (P<0.05) immune cells count at post-test as compared to pre-test. Yet, a combination of circuit training and probiotics showed no significant (P>0.05) effects on immune cells count.
CONCLUSIONS: This study did not provide enough support for the positive effects of probiotics on immune responses among sedentary young males following resistance exercise. However, 12 weeks of circuit training enhanced immune cells count.

Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/physiology*
δ- and γ-tocotrienols induce classical ultrastructural apoptotic changes in human T lymphoblastic leukemic cells

Wong RS, Radhakrishnan AK, Ibrahim TA, Cheong SK

Microsc Microanal, 2012 Jun;18(3):462-9.
PMID: 22640960 DOI: 10.1017/S1431927612000177

Tocotrienols are isomers of the vitamin E family, which have been reported to exert cytotoxic effects in various cancer cells. Although there have been some reports on the effects of tocotrienols in leukemic cells, ultrastructural evidence of tocotrienol-induced apoptotic cell death in leukemic cells is lacking. The present study investigated the effects of three isomers of tocotrienols (alpha, delta, and gamma) on a human T lymphoblastic leukemic cell line (CEM-SS). Cell viability assays showed that all three isomers had cytotoxic effects (p < 0.05) on CEM-SS cells with delta-tocotrienol being the most potent. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the cytotoxic effects by delta- and gamma-tocotrienols were through the induction of an apoptotic pathway as demonstrated by the classical ultrastructural apoptotic changes characterized by peripheral nuclear chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. These findings were confirmed biochemically by the demonstration of phosphatidylserine externalization via flow cytometry analysis. This is the first study showing classical ultrastructural apoptotic changes induced by delta- and gamma-tocotrienols in human T lymphoblastic leukemic cells.

Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/physiology
The role of CD4+ cells in vivo on the induction of the immune response to Porphyromonas gingivalis in mice

Sosroseno W, Bird PS, Gemmell E, Seymour GJ

J. Periodontol., 2002 Oct;73(10):1133-40.
PMID: 12416770

It has previously been suggested that CD4+ T cells play a pivotal role in regulating the immune response to periodontal pathogens. The aim of the present study therefore was to determine delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), spleen cell proliferation, serum and splenic anti-Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody levels, and lesion sizes following challenge with viable P. gingivalis in CD4-depleted BALB/c mice immunized with P. gingivalis outer membrane proteins (OMP).

Matched MeSH terms: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/physiology*
High-fat diet- and angiotensin II-induced aneurysm concurrently elicits splenic hypertrophy

Gopal K, Nagarajan P, Shankar EM, Kamarul T, Kumar JM

Eur J Clin Invest, 2014 Dec;44(12):1169-76.
PMID: 25315426 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12351

Angiotensin II (Ang II) and high-fat diet are implicated in causing pathological changes in the vascular endothelium, brain, kidney and liver. The association of aneurysm leading to histopathological changes in the splenic compartment remains elusive. Further, the salubrious credentials of antioxidants, especially α-tocopherol and β-carotene in the resolution of splenic pathology have not been investigated.

Matched MeSH terms: T-Lymphocytes/physiology