MyMedR

Humans are subjected to various diseases; hence, proper diagnosis helps avoid further disease consequences. One such severe issue that could cause significant damage to the human liver is the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Several techniques are available to detect HCV under various categories, such as detection through antibodies, antigens, and RNA. Although immunoassays play a significant role in discovering hepatitis viruses, there is a need for point-of-care tests (POCT). Some developing strategies are required to ensure the appropriate selection of POCT for HCV detection, initiate appropriate antiviral therapy, and define associated risks, which will be critical in achieving optimal outcomes. Though molecular assays are precise, reproducible, sensitive, and specific, alternative strategies are required to enhance HCV diagnosis among the infected population. Herein, we described and assessed the potential of various microfluidic detection techniques and confirmatory approaches used in present communities. In addition, current key market players in HCV chip-based diagnosis and the future perspectives on the basis of which the diagnosis can be made easier are presented in the present review.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Screening for lung diseases

Menon MA

Family Practitioner, 1981;4:13-16.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Fulltext Potential role of E4 protein in human papillomavirus screening: a review

Yajid AI, Zakariah MA, Mat Zin AA, Othman NH

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2017 02 01;18(2):315-319.

PMID: 28345325

In 2006, cervical cancer was reported as the second most common cancer in women of Malaysia. This type of cancer has been shown to correlate with persistent high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although HPV is well known to induce cervical cancer, knowledge of pathways that link the latent stage of the viral replication cycle to precancerous and cancerous stages remains incomplete. However, it is interesting to note that the virus can be isolated from tissues ranging from normal to low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions as well as high-grade intraepithelial lesions (HSILs), thus prompting scientists to develop HPV detection methods for screening. Detection of HPV using viral proteins such as L1 and E1 is proposed to be very useful in assisting the management of high risk infection and cervical cancer. These tests however can lead to false positive results, largely due to the exisstence of asymptomatic or transient HPV infections within any given individual. Somes observation indicate that use of HPV proteins such as E6 and E7 might lead to false positive results. However, one particular HPV protein, E4 shows potential as an accurate marker of the tissue state following HPV infection. E4 expression has been shown to correlate with the levels of HPV DNA incorporation by the host. Thus, it is possible that E4 could serve as a useful marker to define stages of viral carcinogenesis.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening*

Fulltext Focused Review: Potential Rare and Atypical Symptoms as Indicator for Targeted COVID-19 Screening

Ng SL, Ong YS, Khaw KY, Teh SP, Tan CS, Ming LC, et al.

Medicina (Kaunas), 2021 Feb 23;57(2).

PMID: 33672384 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57020189

The global pandemic of the coronavirus disease 2019 is a known consequence of infection of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected nations worldwide with soaring number of cases daily. Symptoms such as fever, cough, and shortness of breath, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting are commonly presented in COVID-19 patients. This focused review aims to discuss these uncommon and atypical COVID-19 symptoms that may be presented which might affect neurological, cardiovascular, cutaneous and ocular systems and their possible mode of actions. Nonetheless, there are some cases of reported uncommon or atypical symptoms which may warrant healthcare professionals to be aware of, especially when in contact with patients. The knowledge and information concerning these symptoms might be able to provide additional cues for healthcare professional by subjecting patients to COVID-19 screening. Meanwhile, it might be able to further enhance the alertness and additional precautions being taken by healthcare personnel, which eventually lead to reduced risk of infections.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/methods*

Fulltext An Older Woman in Early Pregnancy: What Antenatal Screening is Appropriate?

Syed Aznal SS

Malays Fam Physician, 2008;3(3):137-9.

PMID: 25606138 MyJurnal

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Fulltext Immunochemical faecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening: a systematic review

Syful Azlie MF, Hassan MR, Junainah S, Rugayah B

Med J Malaysia, 2015 Feb;70(1):24-30.

PMID: 26032525 MyJurnal

A systematic review on the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Immunochemical faecal occult IFOBT for CRC screening was carried out. A total of 450 relevant titles were identified, 41 abstracts were screened and 18 articles were included in the results. There was fair level of retrievable evidence to suggest that the sensitivity and specificity of IFOBT varies with the cut-off point of haemoglobin, whereas the diagnostic accuracy performance was influenced by high temperature and haemoglobin stability. A screening programme using IFOBT can be effective for prevention of advanced CRC and reduced mortality. There was also evidence to suggest that IFOBT is cost-effective in comparison with no screening, whereby a two-day faecal collection method was found to be costeffective as a means of screening for CRC. Based on the review, quantitative IFOBT method can be used in Malaysia as a screening test for CRC. The use of fully automated IFOBT assay would be highly desirable.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Screening for depression

Wong YC

Family Practitioner, 1981;4 :27-30.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Self-sampling versus physician sampling for cervical cancer screening; The agreement of cytological diagnoses. [Abstract]

Mohamad Zaki FH, Nik Hussain NH, Ismail P, Wan Yusoff WZ, Othman NH

Pathology, 2016 Feb;48 Suppl 1:S148.

PMID: 27772923 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2015.12.402

Background: The major problem with cervical cancer screening in countries which have no organized national screening program for cervical cancer is sub-optimal participation. Implementation of self-sampling method may increase the participation of women to screen for cervical cancer.
Aims: To determine the agreement of cytological diagnoses made on samples collected by women themselves (self-sampling) versus cytological diagnoses made on samples collected
by physicians (Physician sampling)
Methods: We invited women volunteers to undergo two procedures; cervical self-sampling using the Evalyn brush and physician scraping using Cervex brush. They women were
shown a video presentation on how to take their own cervical samples before the procedure. The samples taken by physicians were taken as per routine testing (Gold Standard). All
samples were subjected to Thin Prep monolayer smears. The diagnoses made were according to the Bethesda classification. The results from the two sampling methods were analysed and compared.
Results: A total of 367 women were recruited into the study. Thin Prep smears by physicians were better in terms of volume and variety of the cells seen. There is significant good agreement of the cytological diagnoses made on the samples from the two sampling methods with the Kappa value of 0.568 (p=0.040). The Thin Prep smears by self-sampling method were better in detecting microorganisms.
Conclusion: This study shows that samples taken by women themselves (self-sampling) and physicians sampling had good cytology agreement. Self-sampling could be the method of
choice in countries in which the coverage of women attending clinics for screening for cervical cancer is poor.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Fulltext Automatic screening and classification of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy using fuzzy image processing

Rahim SS, Palade V, Shuttleworth J, Jayne C

Brain Inform, 2016 Mar 16.

PMID: 27747815 DOI: 10.1007/s40708-016-0045-3

Digital retinal imaging is a challenging screening method for which effective, robust and cost-effective approaches are still to be developed. Regular screening for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic maculopathy diseases is necessary in order to identify the group at risk of visual impairment. This paper presents a novel automatic detection of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy in eye fundus images by employing fuzzy image processing techniques. The paper first introduces the existing systems for diabetic retinopathy screening, with an emphasis on the maculopathy detection methods. The proposed medical decision support system consists of four parts, namely: image acquisition, image preprocessing including four retinal structures localisation, feature extraction and the classification of diabetic retinopathy and maculopathy. A combination of fuzzy image processing techniques, the Circular Hough Transform and several feature extraction methods are implemented in the proposed system. The paper also presents a novel technique for the macula region localisation in order to detect the maculopathy. In addition to the proposed detection system, the paper highlights a novel online dataset and it presents the dataset collection, the expert diagnosis process and the advantages of our online database compared to other public eye fundus image databases for diabetic retinopathy purposes.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Screening: its scope in general practice

Balasundaram R

Family Practitioner, 1981;4(3):5-8.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Screening for haematological disorders

Bosco JJ

Family Practitioner, 1981;4(3):19-22.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Screening for Lung Cancer in High-Risk Non-Smokers: A Step too Far or Time to Address an Unmet Need?

Sachithanandan A

Med J Malaysia, 2023 Nov;78(6):847-848.

PMID: 38031230

No abstract available.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening

Fulltext Budget impact analysis of a home-based colorectal cancer screening programme in Malaysia

Ngan TT, Ramanathan K, Saleh MRBM, Schliemann D, Ibrahim Tamin NSB, Su TT, et al.

BMJ Open, 2023 Mar 21;13(3):e066925.

PMID: 36944471 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066925

OBJECTIVES: The 2020-2022 research project 'Colorectal Cancer Screening Intervention for Malaysia' (CRC-SIM) evaluated the implementation of a home-based CRC screening pilot in Segamat District. This budget impact analysis (BIA) assessed the expected changes in health expenditure of the Malaysian Ministry of Health budget in the scenario where the pilot programme was implemented nationwide vs current opportunistic screening.

DESIGN: Budget impact analysis. Assumptions and costs in the opportunistic and novel CRC screening scenarios were derived from a previous evaluation of opportunistic CRC screening in community health clinics across Malaysia and the CRC-SIM research project, respectively.

SETTING: National level (with supplement analysis for district level). The BIA was conducted from the viewpoint of the federal government and estimated the annual financial impact over a period of 5 years.

RESULTS: The total annual cost of the current practice of opportunistic screening was RM1 584 321 (~I$1 099 460) of which 80% (RM1 274 690 or ~I$884 587) was expended on the provision of opportunistic CRC to adults who availed of the service. Regarding the implementation of national CRC screening programme, the net budget impact in the first year was estimated to be RM107 631 959 (~I$74 692 546) and to reach RM148 485 812 (~I$103 043 589) in the fifth year based on an assumed increased uptake of 5% annually. The costs were calculated to be sensitive to the probability of adults who were contactable, eligible and agreeable to participating in the programme.

CONCLUSIONS: Results from the BIA provided direct and explicit estimates of the budget changes to when implementing a population-based national CRC screening programme to aid decision making by health services planners and commissioners in Malaysia about whether such programme is affordable within given their budget constraint. The study also illustrates the use and value of the BIA approach in low-income and middle-income countries and resource-constrained settings.

Matched MeSH terms: Mass Screening/methods

Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 413 in total