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  1. Classification, processing and application of hydrogels: A review
    Ullah F, Othman MB, Javed F, Ahmad Z, Md Akil H
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2015 Dec 1;57:414-33.
    PMID: 26354282 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.07.053
    This article aims to review the literature concerning the choice of selectivity for hydrogels based on classification, application and processing. Super porous hydrogels (SPHs) and superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) represent an innovative category of recent generation highlighted as an ideal mould system for the study of solution-dependent phenomena. Hydrogels, also termed as smart and/or hungry networks, are currently subject of considerable scientific research due to their potential in hi-tech applications in the biomedical, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, bioseparation, biosensor, agriculture, oil recovery and cosmetics fields. Smart hydrogels display a significant physiochemical change in response to small changes in the surroundings. However, such changes are reversible; therefore, the hydrogels are capable of returning to its initial state after a reaction as soon as the trigger is removed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/ultrastructure; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  2. Chitosan nanoparticles incorporate with curry leaf essential oil: Physicochemical characterization and in vitro release properties
    Nur Fatin Nazurah R, Noranizan MA, Nor-Khaizura MAR, Nur Hanani ZA
    Int J Biol Macromol, 2024 Jul;273(Pt 2):132972.
    PMID: 38876241 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132972
    The use of essential oils as natural antioxidant, antimicrobial and insect repellent agent was limited by the loss of bioactive components especially volatile compounds. This study aimed to improve biological properties of curry leaf essential oil (CLEO) by producing nanometer sized particles through two different synthesis techniques; nanoencapsulation and nanoprecipitation. The methods produced different nanostructures; nanocapsules and nanospheres distinguished by the morphological structure (TEM analysis). Successful loading of CLEO into chitosan nanocarrier was proven by FTIR spectra. Zeta potential values for both nanostructures were more than +30 mV implying their stability against aggregation. CLEO loaded nanocapsules exhibited highest antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria compared to nanospheres. Meanwhile, CLEO loaded nanospheres recorded up until 90.44 % DPPH radical scavenging properties, higher compared to nanocapsules. Both nanostructures demonstrated further improvement in antioxidant and antibacterial activities with the incorporation of higher chitosan concentration. In vitro release analysis indicated that CLEO undergo two-stage discharge mechanism where fast discharge occurred up until 12 h followed by sustained released afterwards. The two synthesis methods applied synergistically with greater chitosan concentration successfully produced nanostructures with >60 % encapsulation efficiency (EE). This concluded that both techniques were reliable to protect the bioactive constituents of CLEO for further used.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/chemistry
  3. Fulltext Controlled-release approaches towards the chemotherapy of tuberculosis
    Saifullah B, Hussein MZ, Hussein Al Ali SH
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012;7:5451-63.
    PMID: 23091386 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S34996
    Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is notorious for its lethality to humans. Despite technological advances, the tubercle bacillus continues to threaten humans. According to the World Health Organization's 2011 global report on TB, 8.8 million cases of TB were reported in 2010, with a loss of 1.7 million human lives. As drug-susceptible TB requires long-term treatment of between 6 and 9 months, patient noncompliance remains the most important reason for treatment failure. For multidrug-resistant TB, patients must take second-line anti-TB drugs for 18-24 months and many adverse effects are associated with these drugs. Drug-delivery systems (DDSs) seem to be the most promising option for advancement in the treatment of TB. DDSs reduce the adverse effects of drugs and their dosing frequency as well as shorten the treatment period, and hence improve patient compliance. Further advantages of these systems are that they target the disease area, release the drugs in a sustained manner, and are biocompatible. In addition, targeted delivery systems may be useful in dealing with extensively drug-resistant TB because many side effects are associated with the drugs used to cure the disease. In this paper, we discuss the DDSs developed for the targeted and slow delivery of anti-TB drugs and their possible advantages and disadvantages.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage*; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  4. Effect of MgO nanofillers on burst release reduction from hydrogel nanocomposites
    Hezaveh H, Muhamad II
    J Mater Sci Mater Med, 2013 Jun;24(6):1443-53.
    PMID: 23515904 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4914-5
    In this study, MgO nanoparticles are applied to control the initial burst release by modification of matrix structure, thereby affecting the release mechanism. The effects of MgO nanofiller loading on the in vitro release of a model drug are investigated. Surface topography and release kinetics of hydrogel nanocomposites are also studied in order to have better insight into the release mechanism. It was found that the incorporation of MgO nanofillers can significantly decrease the initial burst release. The effect of genipin (GN) on burst release was also compared with MgO nanoparticles, and it was found that the impact of MgO on burst release reduction is more obvious than GN; however, GN cross-linking caused greater final release compared to blanks and nanocomposites. To confirm the capability of nanocomposite hydrogels to reduce burst release, the release of β-carotene in Simulated Gastric Fluid and Simulated Intestinal Fluid was also carried out. Thus, the application of MgO nanoparticles seems to be a promising strategy to control burst release.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/ultrastructure; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  5. Fulltext Effect of supercritical fluid density on nanoencapsulated drug particle size using the supercritical antisolvent method
    Kalani M, Yunus R
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012;7:2165-72.
    PMID: 22619552 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S29805
    The reported work demonstrates and discusses the effect of supercritical fluid density (pressure and temperature of supercritical fluid carbon dioxide) on particle size and distribution using the supercritical antisolvent (SAS) method in the purpose of drug encapsulation. In this study, paracetamol was encapsulated inside L-polylactic acid, a semicrystalline polymer, with different process parameters, including pressure and temperature, using the SAS process. The morphology and particle size of the prepared nanoparticles were determined by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that increasing temperature enhanced mean particle size due to the plasticizing effect. Furthermore, increasing pressure enhanced molecular interaction and solubility; thus, particle size was reduced. Transmission electron microscopy images defined the internal structure of nanoparticles. Thermal characteristics of nanoparticles were also investigated via differential scanning calorimetry. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction pattern revealed the changes in crystallinity structure during the SAS process. In vitro drug release analysis determined the sustained release of paracetamol in over 4 weeks.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/ultrastructure*; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  6. Fulltext Formulation and delivery of itraconazole to the brain using a nanolipid carrier system
    Lim WM, Rajinikanth PS, Mallikarjun C, Kang YB
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:2117-26.
    PMID: 24833900 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S57565
    The objectives of this study were to develop and characterize itraconazole (ITZ)-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and to study their potential for drug delivery into the brain. Precirol(®) ATO 5 and Transcutol(®) HP were selected as the lipid phase, and Tween(®) 80 and Solutol(®) HS15 as surfactants. The ITZ-NLCs were prepared by a hot and high-pressure homogenization method. The entrapment efficiency for the best formulation batch was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography and was found to be 70.5%±0.6%. The average size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index for the ITZ-NLCs used for animal studies were found to be 313.7±15.3 nm, -18.7±0.30 mV, and 0.562±0.070, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed that ITZ-NLCs were spherical in shape, with a size of less than 200 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffractometry analysis showed that ITZ was encapsulated in the lipid matrix and present in the amorphous form. The in vitro release study showed that ITZ-NLCs achieved a sustained release, with cumulative release of 80.6%±5.3% up to 24 hours. An in vivo study showed that ITZ-NLCs could increase the ITZ concentration in the brain by almost twofold. These results suggest that ITZ-NLCs can be exploited as nanocarriers to achieve sustained release and brain-targeted delivery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage; Nanocapsules/ultrastructure; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  7. Fulltext In vitro sustained release study of gallic acid coated with magnetite-PEG and magnetite-PVA for drug delivery system
    Dorniani D, Kura AU, Hussein-Al-Ali SH, Bin Hussein MZ, Fakurazi S, Shaari AH, et al.
    ScientificWorldJournal, 2014;2014:416354.
    PMID: 24737969 DOI: 10.1155/2014/416354
    The efficacy of two nanocarriers polyethylene glycol and polyvinyl alcohol magnetic nanoparticles coated with gallic acid (GA) was accomplished via X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, magnetic measurements, thermal analysis, and TEM. X-ray diffraction and TEM results showed that Fe3O4 nanoparticles were pure iron oxide having spherical shape with the average diameter of 9 nm, compared with 31 nm and 35 nm after coating with polyethylene glycol-GA (FPEGG) and polyvinyl alcohol-GA (FPVAG), respectively. Thermogravimetric analyses proved that after coating the thermal stability was markedly enhanced. Magnetic measurements and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) revealed that superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles could be successfully coated with two polymers (PEG and PVA) and gallic acid as an active drug. Release behavior of gallic acid from two nanocomposites showed that FPEGG and FPVAG nanocomposites were found to be sustained and governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics. Anticancer activity of the two nanocomposites shows that the FPEGG demonstrated higher anticancer effect on the breast cancer cell lines in almost all concentrations tested compared to FPVAG.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage; Nanocapsules/toxicity; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  8. Fulltext Modification of palm kernel oil esters nanoemulsions with hydrocolloid gum for enhanced topical delivery of ibuprofen
    Salim N, Basri M, Rahman MB, Abdullah DK, Basri H
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012;7:4739-47.
    PMID: 22973096 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S34700
    During recent years, there has been growing interest in the use of nanoemulsion as a drug-carrier system for topical delivery. A nanoemulsion is a transparent mixture of oil, surfactant and water with a very low viscosity, usually the product of its high water content. The present study investigated the modification of nanoemulsions with different hydrocolloid gums, to enhanced drug delivery of ibuprofen. The in vitro characterization of the initial and modified nanoemulsions was also studied.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage; Nanocapsules/ultrastructure; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  9. Fulltext Preparation of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles coated with gallic acid for drug delivery
    Dorniani D, Hussein MZ, Kura AU, Fakurazi S, Shaari AH, Ahmad Z
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012;7:5745-56.
    PMID: 23166439 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S35746
    Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were prepared using a sonochemical method under atmospheric conditions at a Fe²⁺ to Fe³⁺ molar ratio of 1:2. The iron oxide nanoparticles were subsequently coated with chitosan and gallic acid to produce a core-shell structure.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/toxicity; Nanocapsules/ultrastructure; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  10. Brain-Eating Amoebae: Silver Nanoparticle Conjugation Enhanced Efficacy of Anti-Amoebic Drugs against Naegleria fowleri
    Rajendran K, Anwar A, Khan NA, Siddiqui R
    ACS Chem Neurosci, 2017 12 20;8(12):2626-2630.
    PMID: 29206032 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00430
    The overall aim of this study was to determine whether conjugation with silver nanoparticles enhances effects of available drugs against primary amoebic meningoencephalitis due to Naegleria fowleri. Amphotericin B, Nystatin, and Fluconazole were conjugated with silver nanoparticles, and synthesis was confirmed using UV-visible spectrophotometry. Atomic force microscopy determined their size in range of 20-100 nm. To determine amoebicidal effects, N. fowleri were incubated with drugs-conjugated silver nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles alone, and drugs alone. The findings revealed that silver nanoparticles conjugation significantly enhanced antiamoebic effects of Nystatin and Amphotericin B but not Fluconazole at micromolar concentrations, compared with the drugs alone. For the first time, our findings showed that silver nanoparticle conjugation enhances efficacy of antiamoebic drugs against N. fowleri. Given the rarity of the disease and challenges in developing new drugs, it is hoped that modifying existing drugs to enhance their antiamoebic effects is a useful avenue that holds promise in improving the treatment of brain-eating amoebae infection due to N. fowleri.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage; Nanocapsules/ultrastructure; Nanocapsules/chemistry
  11. Fulltext Empty nano and micro-structured lipid carriers of virgin coconut oil for skin moisturisation
    Noor NM, Khan AA, Hasham R, Talib A, Sarmidi MR, Aziz R, et al.
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2016 Aug;10(4):195-9.
    PMID: 27463789 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0041
    Virgin coconut oil (VCO) is the finest grade of coconut oil, rich in phenolic content, antioxidant activity and contains medium chain triglycerides (MCTs). In this work formulation, characterisation and penetration of VCO-solid lipid particles (VCO-SLP) have been studied. VCO-SLP were prepared using ultrasonication of molten stearic acid and VCO in an aqueous solution. The electron microscopy imaging revealed that VCO-SLP were solid and spherical in shape. Ultrasonication was performed at several power intensities which resulted in particle sizes of VCO-SLP ranged from 0.608 ± 0.002 µm to 44.265 ± 1.870 µm. The particle size was directly proportional to the applied power intensity of ultrasonication. The zeta potential values of the particles were from -43.2 ± 0.28 mV to -47.5 ± 0.42 mV showing good stability. The cumulative permeation for the smallest sized VCO-SLP (0.608 µm) was 3.83 ± 0.01 µg/cm(2) whereas for larger carriers it was reduced (3.59 ± 0.02 µg/cm(2)). It is concluded that SLP have the potential to be exploited as a micro/nano scale cosmeceutical carrying vehicle for improved dermal delivery of VCO.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage; Nanocapsules/ultrastructure; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  12. Fulltext Stability assessment of injectable castor oil-based nano-sized emulsion containing cationic droplets stabilized by poloxamer-chitosan emulsifier films
    Tamilvanan S, Kumar BA, Senthilkumar SR, Baskar R, Sekharan TR
    AAPS PharmSciTech, 2010 Jun;11(2):904-9.
    PMID: 20496017 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-010-9455-3
    The objectives of the present work were to prepare castor oil-based nano-sized emulsion containing cationic droplets stabilized by poloxamer-chitosan emulgator film and to assess the kinetic stability of the prepared cationic emulsion after subjecting it to thermal processing and freeze-thaw cycling. Presence of cryoprotectants (5%, w/w, sucrose +5%, w/w, sorbitol) improved the stability of emulsions to droplet aggregation during freeze-thaw cycling. After storing the emulsion at 4 degrees C, 25 degrees C, and 37 degrees C over a period of up to 6 months, no significant change was noted in mean diameter of the dispersed oil droplets. However, the emulsion stored at the highest temperature did show a progressive decrease in the pH and zeta potential values, whereas the emulsion kept at the lowest temperatures did not. This indicates that at 37 degrees C, free fatty acids were formed from the castor oil, and consequently, the liberated free fatty acids were responsible for the reduction in the emulsion pH and zeta potential values. Thus, the injectable castor oil-based nano-sized emulsion could be useful for incorporating various active pharmaceutical ingredients that are in size from small molecular drugs to large macromolecules such as oligonucleotides.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  13. Targeting respiratory diseases using miRNA inhibitor based nanotherapeutics: Current status and future perspectives
    Mehta M, Satija S, Paudel KR, Malyla V, Kannaujiya VK, Chellappan DK, et al.
    Nanomedicine, 2021 01;31:102303.
    PMID: 32980549 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102303
    MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a fundamental role in the developmental and physiological processes that occur in both animals and plants. AntagomiRs are synthetic antagonists of miRNA, which prevent the target mRNA from suppression. Therapeutic approaches that modulate miRNAs have immense potential in the treatment of chronic respiratory disorders. However, the successful delivery of miRNAs/antagomiRs to the lungs remains a major challenge in clinical applications. A range of materials, namely, polymer nanoparticles, lipid nanocapsules and inorganic nanoparticles, has shown promising results for intracellular delivery of miRNA in chronic respiratory disorders. This review discusses the current understanding of miRNA biology, the biological roles of antagomiRs in chronic respiratory disease and the recent advances in the therapeutic utilization of antagomiRs as disease biomarkers. Furthermore our review provides a common platform to debate on the nature of antagomiRs and also addresses the viewpoint on the new generation of delivery systems that target antagomiRs in respiratory diseases.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/chemistry
  14. Fulltext Cationized dextran nanoparticle-encapsulated CXCR4-siRNA enhanced correlation between CXCR4 expression and serum alkaline phosphatase in a mouse model of colorectal cancer
    Abedini F, Hosseinkhani H, Ismail M, Domb AJ, Omar AR, Chong PP, et al.
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2012;7:4159-68.
    PMID: 22888250 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S29823
    The failure of colorectal cancer treatments is partly due to overexpression of CXCR4 by tumor cells, which plays a critical role in cell metastasis. Moreover, serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels are frequently elevated in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. A polysaccharide, dextran, was chosen as the vector of siRNA. Spermine was conjugated to oxidized dextran by reductive amination process to obtain cationized dextran, so-called dextran-spermine, in order to prepare CXCR4-siRNAs/dextran-spermine nanoparticles. The fabricated nanoparticles were used in order to investigate whether downregulation of CXCR4 expression could affect serum ALP in mouse models of colorectal cancer.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage; Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  15. Fulltext In vitro and in vivo anticandidal activities of alginate-enclosed chitosan-calcium phosphate-loaded Fe-bovine lactoferrin nanocapsules
    Leng KM, Vijayarathna S, Jothy SL, Sasidharan S, Kanwar JR
    Future Sci OA, 2018 Feb;4(2):FSO257.
    PMID: 29379633 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0085
    Aim: To study the in vitro and in vivo anticandidal activity of nanocapsulated bovine lactoferrin.

    Materials & methods: In vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities were conducted to study the anticandidal activities of nanocapsules (NCs).

    Results: The NCs showed good anticandidal activities. The disruption of cell wall and cell membrane was noted via microscopy studies. The NCs changed the normal growth profile of Candida albicans. NCs reduced the colony forming unit in kidney and blood samples. Histopathological examination showed better cell structure and coordination compared with untreated mice kidney. NCs also enhanced the natural killing properties of C. albicans by epithelial cells.

    Conclusion: NCs have effective anticandidal properties and have the potential as a therapeutic agent against candidiasis.

    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules
  16. Encapsulation efficacy of natural and synthetic photosensitizers by silica nanoparticles for photodynamic applications
    Makhadmeh GN, Abdul Aziz A, Abdul Razak K, Abu Noqta O
    IET Nanobiotechnol, 2015 Dec;9(6):381-5.
    PMID: 26647815 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0003
    This study analysed the physical effects of Cichorium Pumilum (CP), as a natural photosensitizer (PS), and Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), as a synthetic PS, encapsulated with silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) in photodynamic therapy. The optimum concentrations of CP and PpIX, needed to destroy Red Blood Cells (RBC), were determined and the efficacy of encapsulated CP and PpIX were compared with naked CP and PpIX was verified. The results confirmed the applicability of CP and PpIX encapsulated in SiNPs on RBCs, and established a relationship between the encapsulated CP and PpIX concentration and the time required to rupture 50% of the RBCs (t50). The CP and PpIX encapsulated in SiNPs exhibited higher efficacy compared with that of naked CP and PpIX, respectively, and CP had less efficacy compared with PpIX.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage*; Nanocapsules/radiation effects; Nanocapsules/chemistry
  17. Novel drug delivery approaches in treating pulmonary fibrosis
    Dua K, Awasthi R, Madan JR, Chellappan DK, Nalluri BN, Gupta G, et al.
    Panminerva Med, 2018 Dec;60(4):238-240.
    PMID: 29480673 DOI: 10.23736/S0031-0808.18.03428-6
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/chemistry
  18. Fulltext Preparation and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan blend bionanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanocrystals/ZnO-Ag multifunctional nanosized filler
    Azizi S, Ahmad MB, Hussein MZ, Ibrahim NA, Namvar F
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:1909-17.
    PMID: 24790433 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S60274
    A series of novel bionanocomposites were cast using different contents of zinc oxide-silver nanoparticles (ZnO-AgNPs) stabilized by cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as multifunctional nanosized fillers in poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan (PVA/Cs) matrices. The morphological structure, mechanical properties, ultraviolet-visible absorption, and antimicrobial properties of the prepared films were investigated as a function of their CNC/ZnO-AgNP content and compared with PVA/chitosan/CNC bionanocomposite films. X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopic analyses showed that the CNC/ZnO-AgNPs were homogeneously dispersed in the PVA/Cs matrix and the crystallinity increased with increasing nanosized filler content. Compared with pure PVA/Cs, the tensile strength and modulus in the films increased from 0.055 to 0.205 GPa and from 0.395 to 1.20 GPa, respectively. Ultraviolet and visible light can be efficiently absorbed by incorporating ZnO-AgNPs into a PVA/Cs matrix, suggesting that these bionanocomposite films show good visibility and ultraviolet-shielding effects. The bionanocomposite films had excellent antimicrobial properties, killing both Gram-negative Salmonella choleraesuis and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The enhanced physical properties achieved by incorporating CNC/ZnO-AgNPs could be beneficial in various applications.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/administration & dosage; Nanocapsules/chemistry
  19. Development of biodegradable sustained-release damnacanthal nanocapsules for potential application in in-vitro breast cancer studies
    Mohd MR, Ariff TM, Mohamad N, Abdul Latif AZ, Wan Nik WMN, Mohamed A, et al.
    Pak J Pharm Sci, 2019 Sep;32(5):2155-2162.
    PMID: 31813882
    The "noni" species of Morinda citrifolia L., is using in traditional medicine in the tropical country for over 2000 years. Noni fruit has come from the Morinda citrifolia tree which is called Rubiaceae, and it is from the coffee family. It is a perennial herb whose ripe fruit has a robust butyric acid smell and flavor. Recently scientists have proven that this fruit has antioxidant and antibiotic properties in vitro. An anthraquinone, damnacanthal, is one of the constituents of Morinda citrifolia. It has been demonstrated to have anti-cancer properties. Damnacanthal has low water solubility and low bioavailability. Formulating of damnacanthal into the biodegradable nanocapsule drug delivery system may increase its bioavailability. Various formulations of damnacanthal would be developed to enable the selection of a dosage form that could offer the provision of the anti-cancer bioactive substance with suitable sustained- or controlled release properties. The efficiency of extraction of damnacanthal will be compared using both conventional and traditional method. Both the damnacanthal and an anthraquinone active compounds extracted from noni roots, are currently being studied in the context of anti-cancer study. Soon, the medical values, bioactivities and nutritional of this fruit can be assessed, especially its anti-cancer activity, this fruit extract could play an outstanding economic role in Malaysia and other tropical countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/chemistry*
  20. Fulltext Nanoparticle-Encapsulated Camptothecin: Epigenetic Modulation in DNA Repair Mechanisms in Colon Cancer Cells
    Farhana A, Koh AE, Tong JB, Alsrhani A, Kumar Subbiah S, Mok PL
    Molecules, 2021 Sep 06;26(17).
    PMID: 34500845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175414
    Molecular crosstalk between the cellular epigenome and genome converge as a synergistic driver of oncogenic transformations. Besides other pathways, epigenetic regulatory circuits exert their effect towards cancer progression through the induction of DNA repair deficiencies. We explored this mechanism using a camptothecin encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin-EDTA-Fe3O4 nanoparticles (CPT-CEF)-treated HT29 cells model. We previously demonstrated that CPT-CEF treatment of HT29 cells effectively induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, stalling cancer progression. A comparative transcriptome analysis of CPT-CEF-treated versus untreated HT29 cells indicated that genes controlling mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologues recombination were downregulated in these cancer cells. Our study demonstrated that treatment with CPT-CEF alleviated this repression. We observed that CPT-CEF exerts its effect by possibly affecting the DNA repair mechanism through epigenetic modulation involving genes of HMGB1, APEX1, and POLE3. Hence, we propose that CPT-CEF could be a DNA repair modulator that harnesses the cell's epigenomic plasticity to amend DNA repair deficiencies in cancer cells.
    Matched MeSH terms: Nanocapsules/chemistry*
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