MyMedR

An historical outline of schizophrenia

Murray HSE

Malayan Medical Journal, 1937;12:149-54.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia

Trial of effect of Bemegride in schizophrenia

SCHMIDT KE

Med J Malaya, 1960 Jun;14:217-24.

PMID: 13748029

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Fulltext Inconclusive relationship between rheumatoid arthritis and schizophrenia: How to move forward?

Nur Shafawati AR, Sulong S, Wan Ghazali WS, Abdul Talib N, Wan Taib WR

Buletin Persatuan Genetik Malaysia, 2015;21(1):15-19.

MyJurnal

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory polyarthritis disease predominantly involving synovial tissue of the joints and characterized by destructive and debilitating arthritis (Choy et al., 2012; Weyand, 2000; reviewed by Worthington, 2005; Gabriel et al., 1999). It can cause progressive and irreversible destruction of tendons, cartilage and bone, which leads to lack of ability to perform daily activities (Singh et al., 2015). Although the aetiology of RA remains unsolved, the strength of the genetic component in RA is estimated based on familial aggregation and information about epidemiology and population prevalence (reviewed by Gregersen, 1999, Choy et al., 2012). (Copied from article).

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia*

Fulltext Current trends in the management of schizophrenia

George PP

Med J Malaysia, 2002 Mar;57(1):128-31; quiz 132.

PMID: 14569733

Schizophrenia is a common and devastating illness. Patients with schizophrenia may develop many disabilities both due to the disease process as well as due to side effects of the medication used. There are many advances in the treatment of schizophrenia, which can effectively reduce many of these disabilities. Treatment of schizophrenia is a primary health care responsibility and thus all health care personnel need to equip themselves with the latest knowledge on management issues. This article outlines the current management issues in schizophrenia.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/diagnosis*; Schizophrenia/therapy*

Modern management of the schizophrenia

Deva MP

Family Practitioner, 1978;3(3):12-15.

The management of schizophrenias has undergone a revolution with the advent of Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) and a whole range of psycho-pharmaceuticals this century. Along with these, the newer trends towards more humane, and psycho-oriented patient-care have resulted in the management of patients in srnall general hospital units hardly different from a surgical or medical ward. The different areas of treatment of the schizophrenic cannot all be accomplished in a general practice clinic but a surprising number of these patients are successfully managed as out-patients. This paper aims to outline the modern methods used in the management of the schizophrenias and their suitability in general practice.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia - management in the community in Malaysia

Dass D, Param Palam S

Family Practitioner, 1975;2:15-17.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia

The control of continued excitement in psychoses

Logan WR

Journal of the Malaya Branch of the British Medical Association, 1941;4:356-61.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia - early diagnosis

Dass D

Family Practitioner, 1975;2:13-14.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia

Fulltext Psychiatric morbidity in the families of paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia patients

Varma SL, Sharma I, Chugh S

Singapore Med J, 1992 Feb;33(1):67-9.

PMID: 1598611

A total of 1018 and 812 first degree relatives (FDR) of schizoprencies and controls respectively, were studied to find out the psychiatric morbidity in the families of paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia patients. The risk of schizophrenia and affective disorders was found to be independent of the probands subtype diagnosis. The risk for schizoid-schizotypal and paranoid personality disorders was found to be increased in the first degree relatives of paranoid schizophrenic, as compared to non-paranoid schizophrenic, thus suggesting that the psychopathology in the FDR may differ with the subtype diagnosis of the proband.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/genetics*; Schizophrenia, Paranoid/genetics

Understanding the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia

Ghorbani M, Rajandas H, Parimannan S, Stephen Joseph GB, Tew MM, Ramly SS, et al.

Psychiatr Genet, 2021 Apr 01;31(2):39-49.

PMID: 33252574 DOI: 10.1097/YPG.0000000000000270

Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder with marked symptoms of hallucination, delusion, and impaired cognitive behaviors. Although multidimensional factors have been associated with the development of schizophrenia, the principal cause of the disorder remains debatable. Microbiome involvement in the etiology of schizophrenia has been widely researched due to the advancement in sequencing technologies. This review describes the contribution of the gut microbiome in the development of schizophrenia that is facilitated by the gut-brain axis. The gut microbiota is connected to the gut-brain axis via several pathways and mechanisms, that are discussed in this review. The role of the oral microbiota, probiotics and prebiotics in shaping the gut microbiota are also highlighted. Lastly, future perspectives for microbiome research in schizophrenia are addressed.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/pathology; Schizophrenia/physiopathology*; Schizophrenia/therapy*

Fulltext A case of schizophrenia with the Klippel-Feil syndrome

Krishnaswamy S, Mohamed M

Med J Malaysia, 1985 Dec;40(4):330-2.

PMID: 3842735

A case of the Klippel-Feil syndrome presenting with schizophrenia is described. The Klippel-Feil syndrome is reported to be associated with abnormalities in many systems of the body, but its association with a schizophrenic illness has not been described.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/complications*

Fulltext Folie a deux complicate management of a childhood onset schizophrenia

Seen, Heng Yeoh, Kok, Wei Wee, Maryam Amaran, Hazura Hamzah

ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, 2012;13(2):0-0.

MyJurnal

Objective: This case report highlights folie a duex of a caregiver that complicate the management of a case of childhood onset schizophrenia.
Methods: We report a case of a young Malay girl with symptoms of schizophrenia and her caregiver who share her delusion.
Result: Folie a duex in the caregiver caused difficulty in the initiation and maintenance of treatment of a child with schizophrenia.
Conclusion: Treating children with schizophrenia is not easy and could be complicated by the folie a duex in caregiver. Although Child Act 2001 can be applied in order to deliver appropriate treatment to this group of patients, one must be cautious about the implication in therapeutic alliance.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia, Childhood

Full coma insulin therapy of schizophrenia in Singapore-a ten year appraisal

TASSIS JA

Med J Malaya, 1959 Sep;14:55-77.

PMID: 13837015

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Migration and schizophrenia--a review and case report

Subramaniam M

Med J Malaysia, 1964 Dec;19:134-9.

PMID: 14279236

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia*

Management of schizophrenia in Sarawak Mental Hospital, 1959

SCHMIDT KE

J Ment Sci, 1961 Jan;107:157-60.

PMID: 13748028

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/therapy*

Fulltext Renaming schizophrenia

Maruta T, Matsumoto C

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci, 2019 Jun;28(3):262-264.

PMID: 30370893 DOI: 10.1017/S2045796018000598

The movement towards renaming of schizophrenia in Japan started in 1993 upon receipt of a letter by The National Federation of Families with Mentally Ill in Japan addressed to the board of Japanese Society of Psychiatry of Neurology (JSPN), requesting to rename schizophrenia as the then-official term for the condition, Seishin-Bunretsu-Byo, or 'mind-splitting disease', was humiliating. A committee was established within JSPN to address the issue, public comments were collected, a new name 'Togo-Shitcho-Sho' ('disintegration disorder') was approved in 2002, and in 2005, the new name was adopted in the Revised Mental Health and Welfare Act. This paper describes the process of renaming, and also the current situation in Korea, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong and Malaysia, where Chinese characters are used. Also, it presents alternative names for schizophrenia that have been suggested in the process of two research projects conducted by the authors and also additional candidates suggested by others.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/classification*

Schizophrenia or frontotemporal dementia in a young Chinese female: a purview of possible diagnoses

Grewal GS, Kanagasundram S, Jambunathan S

Turk Psikiyatri Derg, 2011;22(4):266-8.

PMID: 22143952

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is now increasingly being recognized as one of the causes of young onset dementia (YOD). The presentation of FTD can be subtle with a broad range of symptoms. This frequently causes misdiagnosis and a delay in initiating the correct treatment. While subtle personality changes, disinhibition and problems in executive functioning are frequently encountered in FTD, frank psychotic symptoms resembling schizophrenia are unusual. This is a case of a 38 year old Chinese female that highlights how obsessive compulsive symptoms which progressed to florid psychosis and disorganized speech and behavior can be a presenting picture in FTD. For seven years, this patient was treated as a case of schizophrenia and was thought to have poor response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) as well as antipsychotic medication. Her blood work and electroencephalogram (EEG) were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed progressive cerebral atrophy. This case report suggests that psychosis should be investigated in detail especially when the clinical presentation is not typical of a functional disorder and more so when the patient is not responsive to conventional treatment. This report also highlights the importance of eliciting symptoms suggestive of an "organic" etiology, such as incontinence and disorientation. In addition, the usefulness of repeated imaging to show the rapidly progressive course of FTD has been illustrated. Other possible differential diagnoses of this patient are also discussed.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/diagnosis*; Schizophrenia/pathology

The Role of Atypical Antipsychotics in Sexuality: Road to Recovery in Schizophrenia

Adam RL, Sidi H, Midin M, Zakaria H, Das S, Mat KC

Curr Drug Targets, 2018;19(12):1402-1411.

PMID: 28464773 DOI: 10.2174/1389450118666170502130126

Sexuality is an important dimension in human beings as a form of expression of individuality. For many decades, sexual functioning has been a neglected area among patients suffering from schizophrenia. It was a presumption that patients with schizophrenia could be asexual and this could be secondary to overwhelming situations of delusion, hallucination, hostility and negative symptoms among others. The deficient in sexual functioning are due to innate factors, i.e. negative symptoms (apathy, avolition and amotivation) and also as a result of prefrontal dysfunction, i.e. inability to plan and execute meaningful relationship. Adverse effects of the psychopharmacological agents, especially the typical antipsychotics, e.g. dystonia, excessive sedation and hyperprolactinemia may interfere with patients' sexual activity. In this review, we highlight the neurobiology of schizophrenia in the context of understanding sexual functioning and to integrate the knowledge of dopamine-serotonin neurotransmitter's interaction and the receptors' target. Interventional approaches consist of psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions. In the perspective of sexuality, we recommend atypical antipsychotic should be placed as the first line treatment for both drug naïve patients and also to patients who are already receiving psychopharmacological agents in consideration for a drug-switch from typical to atypical antipsychotics. Aripiprazole, clozapine, olanzapine and quetiapine exert benefits in terms of sexual functioning recovery due to their atypical mechanism of action. However, the potential adverse effect like metabolic syndrome should be adequately managed to prevent negative consequences. Psychosocial interventions, i.e. psychoeducation, destigmatization, supportive psychotherapy and psychiatric rehabilitation also play a crucial role in the management. In conclusion, restoration of sexual function is an achievable recovery target in patients with schizophrenia through these biopsycho- social interventions.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/drug therapy*; Schizophrenia/physiopathology

Fractal-based classification of electroencephalography (EEG) signals in healthy adolescents and adolescents with symptoms of schizophrenia

Namazi H, Aghasian E, Ala TS

Technol Health Care, 2019;27(3):233-241.

PMID: 30829625 DOI: 10.3233/THC-181497

Brain activity analysis is an important research area in the field of human neuroscience. Moreover, a subcategory in this field is the classification of brain activity in terms of different brain disorders. Since the Electroencephalography (EEG) signal is, in fact, a non-linear time series, employing techniques to investigate its non-linear structure is rather crucial. In this study, we evaluate the non-linear structure of the EEG signal between healthy and schizophrenic adolescents using fractal theory. The results of our analysis revealed that in terms of all recording channels, the EEG signal of healthy subjects is more complex compared to the ones suffering from schizophrenia. The statistical analysis also indicated that there is a significant difference in the complex structure of the EEG signal between these two groups of subjects. We also utilized approximate entropy in our analysis in order to verify the obtained results of the fractal analysis. The result of the entropy analysis suggested that EEG signal for healthy subjects is less random compared to the EEG signal in schizophrenic individuals. In addition, the employed methodology in this research can be further investigated in order to classify the brain activity in terms of other brain disorders, where one can explore how the complex structure of the EEG signal alters between them.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/diagnosis*; Schizophrenia/physiopathology*

Fulltext Comparing schizophrenia symptoms in the Iban of Sarawak with other populations to elucidate clinical heterogeneity

McLean D, Barrett R, Loa P, Thara R, John S, McGrath J, et al.

Asia Pac Psychiatry, 2015 Mar;7(1):36-44.

PMID: 24038814 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12093

INTRODUCTION: The symptom profile of schizophrenia can vary between ethnic groups. We explored selected symptom variables previously reported to be characteristic of schizophrenia in the Iban of Sarawak in transethnic populations from Australia, India, and Sarawak, Malaysia. We tested site differences to confirm previous research, and to explore implications of differences across populations for future investigations.

METHODS: We recruited schizophrenia samples in Australia (n = 609), India (n = 310) and Sarawak (n = 205) primarily for the purposes of genetic studies. We analyzed seven identified variables and their relationship to site using logistic regression, including: global delusions, bizarre delusions, thought broadcast/insertion/withdrawal delusions, global hallucinations, auditory hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and prodromal duration.

RESULTS: We identified a distinct symptom profile in our Sarawak sample. Specifically, the Iban exhibit: low frequency of thought broadcast/insertion/withdrawal delusions, high frequency of auditory hallucinations and disorganized behavior, with a comparatively short prodrome when compared with Australian and Indian populations.

DISCUSSION: Understanding between-site variation in symptom profile may complement future transethnic genetic studies, and provide important clues as to the nature of differing schizophrenia expression across ethnically distinct groups. A comprehensive approach to subtyping schizophrenia is warranted, utilizing comprehensively ascertained transethnic samples to inform both schizophrenia genetics and nosology.

Matched MeSH terms: Schizophrenia/diagnosis*; Schizophrenia/ethnology

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