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  1. Weight loss practices among Malaysian adults
    Kong WT, Chua SS, Alwi S
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2002;14(2):99-104.
    PMID: 12862414 DOI: 10.1177/101053950201400208
    The practice of losing weight is gaining popularity globally with an increase in health consciousness among the general public. A survey was conducted in seven shopping centres in Kuala Lumpur and its neighbouring towns to assess the weight-loss practices of the general public. Out of the 1032 people approached by the researcher, 389 (37.7%) admitted that they had tried to lose weight before. Of these respondents, 50.4% had the wrong perceptions about their weight with 39.1% of the respondents having BMI lower than what they had perceived. The most common weight-loss method used was dieting (89.5%), followed by exercise (81%) and the use of slimming teas (24.9%). Exercise (79.0%) was perceived as the most effective method for losing weight, followed by dieting (71.6%). Most respondents (60.6%) obtained their weight-loss products from the pharmacies but only 34.9% of these respondents had consulted the pharmacists on these products. Therefore, pharmacists should play a more active role in assisting the general public to lose weight successfully and safely.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
  2. Fulltext Marine algae as a potential source for anti-obesity agents
    Chu WL, Phang SM
    Mar Drugs, 2016 Dec 07;14(12).
    PMID: 27941599 DOI: 10.3390/md14120222
    Obesity is a major epidemic that poses a worldwide threat to human health, as it is also associated with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Therapeutic intervention through weight loss drugs, accompanied by diet and exercise, is one of the options for the treatment and management of obesity. However, the only approved anti-obesity drug currently available in the market is orlistat, a synthetic inhibitor of pancreatic lipase. Other anti-obesity drugs are still being evaluated at different stages of clinical trials, while some have been withdrawn due to their severe adverse effects. Thus, there is a need to look for new anti-obesity agents, especially from biological sources. Marine algae, especially seaweeds are a promising source of anti-obesity agents. Four major bioactive compounds from seaweeds which have the potential as anti-obesity agents are fucoxanthin, alginates, fucoidans and phlorotannins. The anti-obesity effects of such compounds are due to several mechanisms, which include the inhibition of lipid absorption and metabolism (e.g., fucoxanthin and fucoidans), effect on satiety feeling (e.g., alginates), and inhibition of adipocyte differentiation (e.g., fucoxanthin). Further studies, especially testing bioactive compounds in long-term human trials are required before any new anti-obesity drugs based on algal products can be developed.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  3. Antiadipogenic effects of a standardized quassinoids-enriched fraction and eurycomanone from Eurycoma longifolia
    Balan D, Chan KL, Murugan D, AbuBakar S, Wong PF
    Phytother Res, 2018 Jul;32(7):1332-1345.
    PMID: 29520860 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6065
    Bioactive compounds of Eurycoma longifolia (EL) jack were previously shown to reduce omentum fat mass and oestradiol-induced fatty uterine adhesion in rats. However, the exact role of EL on adipogenesis remains unknown. This study sought to investigate the effects of an EL standardized quassinoids-enriched fraction (SQEL) and the pure compound, eurycomanone, on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cells. 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate and treated for 8 days. The treatment reduced intracellular accumulation of lipid droplets and triglycerides in the differentiating adipocytes and induced lipolysis in matured adipocytes. The expressions of adipogenic transcription factors and markers were also significantly downregulated during the early stage of differentiation. Furthermore, SQEL also suppressed body weight gain, decreased epididymal and perirenal fat pad mass and size, and reduced the accumulation of fat in the livers of C57BL/6J mice fed with normal or high-fat diet that were concurrently given 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg (i.p) of SQEL for 12 weeks. SQEL also improved glucose intolerance and decreased the elevated total cholesterol and triglyceride levels in these mice groups. These findings suggest that SQEL could be explored as an alternative pharmacologic agent inhibiting adipogenesis for the prevention of obesity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  4. Antiobesity effect of Tamarindus indica L. pulp aqueous extract in high-fat diet-induced obese rats
    Azman KF, Amom Z, Azlan A, Esa NM, Ali RM, Shah ZM, et al.
    J Nat Med, 2012 Apr;66(2):333-42.
    PMID: 21989999 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-011-0597-8
    Obesity and overweight are associated with atherosclerosis, fatty liver, hyperlipemia, diabetes mellitus, and various types of cancer. The global prevalence of overweight and obesity has reached epidemic proportions. Here, we investigated the effect of Tamarindus indica pulp aqueous extract (TIE) in diet-induced obese Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were divided into five groups and labeled as follows: the normal control (NC) group received normal diet; the positive control (PC) group received high-fat diet; and the TIE 5, 25, and 50 groups, after the induction of obesity via a high-fat diet, received TIE at 5, 25, or 50 mg/kg orally for 10 weeks. It was observed that TIE decreased the levels of plasma total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride, and increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL), with the concomitant reduction of body weight. Moreover, TIE decreased plasma leptin and reduced fatty acid synthase (FAS) activity and enhanced the efficiency of the antioxidant defense system. TIE exhibits antiobesity effects, as indicated by a significant reduction in adipose tissue weights, as well as lowering the degree of hepatic steatosis in the obesity-induced rats. The extract possesses hepatoprotective activity, as it reversed the plasma liver enzymes level elevation prior to the high-fat diet. In conclusion, TIE improved obesity-related parameters in blood, liver, and adipose tissue in a rat model and suppressed obesity induced by a high-fat diet, possibly by regulating lipid metabolism and lowering plasma leptin and FAS levels. A dose-dependant effect of TIE is detected, where TIE at 50 mg/kg showed the most prominent effect, followed by TIE at 25 mg/kg and, subsequently, 5 mg/kg.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  5. Fulltext Weight Maintenance with Litramine (IQP-G-002AS): A 24-Week Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
    Grube B, Chong PW, Alt F, Uebelhack R
    J Obes, 2015;2015:953138.
    PMID: 26435849 DOI: 10.1155/2015/953138
    Litramine (IQP-G-002AS) was shown to be effective and safe for weight loss in overweight and obese subjects. However, long-term effectiveness on maintenance of body weight loss has yet to be ascertained.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  6. Fulltext Anti-Obesity Attributes; UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-Based Metabolite Profiling and Molecular Docking Insights of Taraxacum officinale
    Aabideen ZU, Mumtaz MW, Akhtar MT, Mukhtar H, Raza SA, Touqeer T, et al.
    Molecules, 2020 Oct 26;25(21).
    PMID: 33114490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214935
    The naturopathic treatment of obesity is a matter of keen interest to develop efficient natural pharmacological routes for disease management with low or negligible toxicity and side effects. For this purpose, optimized ultrasonicated hydroethanolic extracts of Taraxacum officinale were evaluated for antiobesity attributes. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method was adopted to evaluate antioxidant potential. Porcine pancreatic lipase inhibitory assay was conducted to assess the in vitro antiobesity property. Ultra-high performance chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometer was utilized to profile the secondary metabolites in the most potent extract. The 60% ethanolic extract exhibited highest extract yield (25.05 ± 0.07%), total phenolic contents (123.42 ± 0.007 mg GAE/g DE), total flavonoid contents (55.81 ± 0.004 RE/g DE), DPPH-radical-scavenging activity (IC50 = 81.05 ± 0.96 µg/mL) and pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties (IC50 = 146.49 ± 4.24 µg/mL). The targeted metabolite fingerprinting highlighted the presence of high-value secondary metabolites. Molecular-binding energies computed by docking tool revealed the possible contribution towards pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties of secondary metabolites including myricetin, isomangiferin, icariside B4, kaempferol and luteolin derivatives when compared to the standard drug orlistat. In vivo investigations revealed a positive impact on the lipid profile and obesity biomarkers of obese mice. The study presents Taraxacum officinale as a potent source of functional bioactive ingredients to impart new insights into the existing pool of knowledge of naturopathic approaches towards obesity management.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
  7. Obesity-induced testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis: Protective and therapeutic effects of orlistat
    Suleiman JB, Nna VU, Zakaria Z, Othman ZA, Bakar ABA, Mohamed M
    Reprod Toxicol, 2020 08;95:113-122.
    PMID: 32450208 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.05.009
    Obesity has been reported to induce oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the testis. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of the anti-obesity drug orlistat, on testicular oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed rats. Twenty-four adult male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were randomized into four groups (n = 6/group), namely; normal control (NC), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD plus orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight/day administered concurrently for 12 weeks) (HFD + Opr) and HFD plus orlistat (10 mg/kg body weight/day administered 6 weeks after induction of obesity) (HFD + Ot) groups. Antioxidant enzymes activities were significantly decreased, while mRNA levels of pro-apoptotic markers (p53, Bax/BCl-2, caspase-9, caspase-8 and caspase-3) were significantly increased in the testis of HFD group relative to NC group. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers (nuclear factor kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase, tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin (IL)-1β increased significantly, while anti-inflammatory marker (IL-10) decreased significantly in the testis of the HFD group relative to NC group. However, in both models of orlistat intervention (protective and treatment models) up-regulated antioxidant enzymes, down-regulated inflammation and apoptosis were observed in the testis of HFD-fed rats. Orlistat ameliorated testicular dysfunction by attenuating oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in HFD-fed rats, suggesting its potential protective and therapeutic effects in the testis compromised by obesity.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  8. FoxO1 signaling as a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes and obesity
    Benchoula K, Arya A, Parhar IS, Hwa WE
    Eur J Pharmacol, 2021 Jan 15;891:173758.
    PMID: 33249079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173758
    Glucose production and the consumption of high levels of carbohydrate increase the chance of insulin resistance, especially in cases of obesity. Therefore, maintaining a balanced glucose homeostasis might form a strategy to prevent or cure diabetes and obesity. The activation and inhibition of glucose production is complicated due to the presence of many interfering pathways. These pathways can be viewed at the downstream level because they activate certain transcription factors, which include the Forkhead-O1 (FoxO1). This has been identified as a significant agent in the pancreas, liver, and adipose tissue, which is significant in the regulation of lipids and glucose. The objective of this review is to discuss the intersecting portrayal of FoxO1 and its parallel cross-talk which highlights obesity-induced insulin susceptibility in the discovery of a targeted remedy. The review also analyses current progress and provides a blueprint on therapeutics, small molecules, and extracts/phytochemicals which are explored at the pre-clinical level.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  9. Antiobesity and Lipid Lowering Effects of Orthosiphon stamineus in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice
    Seyedan A, Alshawsh MA, Alshagga MA, Mohamed Z
    Planta Med, 2017 May;83(8):684-692.
    PMID: 27992939 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-121754
    The present study investigated the antiobesity and lipid lowering effects of an ethanolic extract of leaves obtained from Orthosiphon stamineus (200 and 400 mg/kg) and its major compound (rosmarinic acid, 10 mg/kg) in obese mice (C57BL/6) induced by a high-fat diet. Continuous supplementation with O. stamineus extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) for 8 weeks significantly decreased body weight gain (p 
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  10. Efficacy of adjuvant weight loss medication after bariatric surgery
    Nor Hanipah Z, Nasr EC, Bucak E, Schauer PR, Aminian A, Brethauer SA, et al.
    Surg Obes Relat Dis, 2018 01;14(1):93-98.
    PMID: 29287757 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.10.002
    BACKGROUND: Some patients do not achieve optimal weight loss or regain weight after bariatric surgery. In this study, we aimed to determine the effectiveness of adjuvant weight loss medications after surgery for this group of patients.

    SETTING: An academic medical center.

    METHODS: Weight changes of patients who received weight loss medications after bariatric surgery from 2012 to 2015 at a single center were studied.

    RESULTS: Weight loss medications prescribed for 209 patients were phentermine (n = 156, 74.6%), phentermine/topiramate extended release (n = 25, 12%), lorcaserin (n = 18, 8.6%), and naltrexone slow-release/bupropion slow-release (n = 10, 4.8%). Of patients, 37% lost>5% of their total weight 1 year after pharmacotherapy was prescribed. There were significant differences in weight loss at 1 year in gastric banding versus sleeve gastrectomy patients (4.6% versus .3%, P = .02) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass versus sleeve gastrectomy patients (2.8% versus .3%, P = .01).There was a significant positive correlation between body mass index at the start of adjuvant pharmacotherapy and total weight loss at 1 year (P = .025).

    CONCLUSION: Adjuvant weight loss medications halted weight regain in patients who underwent bariatric surgery. More than one third achieved>5% weight loss with the addition of weight loss medication. The observed response was significantly better in gastric bypass and gastric banding patients compared with sleeve gastrectomy patients. Furthermore, adjuvant pharmacotherapy was more effective in patients with higher body mass index. Given the low risk of medications compared with revisional surgery, it can be a reasonable option in the appropriate patients. Further studies are necessary to determine the optimal medication and timing of adjuvant pharmacotherapy after bariatric surgery.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  11. Potential of novel dextran oligosaccharides as prebiotics for obesity management through in vitro experimentation
    Sarbini SR, Kolida S, Deaville ER, Gibson GR, Rastall RA
    Br J Nutr, 2014 Oct 28;112(8):1303-14.
    PMID: 25196744 DOI: 10.1017/S0007114514002177
    The energy-salvaging capacity of the gut microbiota from dietary ingredients has been proposed as a contributing factor for the development of obesity. This knowledge generated interest in the use of non-digestible dietary ingredients such as prebiotics to manipulate host energy homeostasis. In the present study, the in vitro response of obese human faecal microbiota to novel oligosaccharides was investigated. Dextrans of various molecular weights and degrees of branching were fermented with the faecal microbiota of healthy obese adults in pH-controlled batch cultures. Changes in bacterial populations were monitored using fluorescent in situ hybridisation and SCFA concentrations were analysed by HPLC. The rate of gas production and total volume of gas produced were also determined. In general, the novel dextrans and inulin increased the counts of bifidobacteria. Some of the dextrans were able to alter the composition of the obese human microbiota by increasing the counts of Bacteroides-Prevotella and decreasing those of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Ruminococcus bromii/R. flavefaciens. Considerable increases in SCFA concentrations were observed in response to all substrates. Gas production rates were similar during the fermentation of all dextrans, but significantly lower than those during the fermentation of inulin. Lower total gas production and shorter time to attain maximal gas production were observed during the fermentation of the linear 1 kDa dextran than during the fermentation of the other dextrans. The efficacy of bifidobacteria to ferment dextrans relied on the molecular weight and not on the degree of branching. In conclusion, there are no differences in the profiles between the obese and lean human faecal fermentations of dextrans.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
  12. Fulltext Glycyrrhizic acid improved lipoprotein lipase expression, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid and lipid deposition in high-fat diet-induced obese rats
    Eu CH, Lim WY, Ton SH, bin Abdul Kadir K
    Lipids Health Dis, 2010;9:81.
    PMID: 20670429 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-9-81
    The metabolic syndrome, known also as the insulin resistance syndrome, refers to the clustering of several risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Dyslipidaemia is a hallmark of the syndrome and is associated with a whole body reduction in the activity of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), an enzyme under the regulation of the class of nuclear receptors known as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR). Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a triterpenoid saponin, is the primary bioactive constituent of the roots of the shrub Glycyrrhiza glabra. Studies have indicated that triterpenoids could act as PPAR agonists and GA is therefore postulated to restore LPL expression in the insulin resistant state.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use
  13. Cynometra cauliflora Linn. Attenuates metabolic abnormalities in high-fat diet-induced obese mice
    Seyedan A, Mohamed Z, Alshagga MA, Koosha S, Alshawsh MA
    J Ethnopharmacol, 2019 May 23;236:173-182.
    PMID: 30851371 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.001
    ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cynometra cauliflora Linn. belongs to the Fabaceae family and is known locally in Malaysia as nam-nam. Traditionally, a decoction of the C. cauliflora leaves is used for treating hyperlipidemia and diabetes.

    AIM OF THE STUDY: This study aims to investigate the anti-obesity and lipid lowering effects of ethanolic extract of C. cauliflora leaves and its major compound (vitexin) in C57BL/6 obese mice induced by high-fat diet (HFD), as well as to further identify the molecular mechanism underlying this action.

    METHODS AND MATERIAL: Male C57BL/6 mice were fed with HFD (60% fat) for 16 weeks to become obese. The treatment started during the last 8 weeks of HFD feeding and the obese mice were treated with C. cauliflora leaf extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, orlistat (10 mg/kg) and vitexin (10 mg/kg).

    RESULTS: The oral administration of C. cauliflora (400 and 200 mg/kg) and vitexin significantly reduced body weight, adipose tissue and liver weight and lipid accumulation in the liver compared to control HFD group. Both doses of C. cauliflora also significantly (P ≤ 0.05) decreased serum triglyceride, LDL, lipase, IL-6, peptide YY, resistin levels, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperleptinemia compared to the control HFD group. Moreover, C. cauliflora significantly up-regulated the expression of adiponectin, Glut4, Mtor, IRS-1 and InsR genes, and significantly decreased the expression of Lepr in white adipose tissue. Furthermore, C. cauliflora significantly up-regulated the expression of hypothalamus Glut4, Mtor and NF-kB genes. GC-MS analysis of C. cauliflora leaves detected the presence of phytol, vitamin E and β-sitosterol. Besides, the phytochemical evaluation of C. cauliflora leaves showed the presence of flavonoid, saponin and phenolic compounds.

    CONCLUSION: This study shows interesting outcomes of C. cauliflora against HFD-induced obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities. Therefore, the C. cauliflora extract could be a potentially effective agent for obesity management and its related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and hyperlipidemia.

    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
  14. Molecular mechanism of down-regulating adipogenic transcription factors in 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells by bioactive anti-adipogenic compounds
    Guru A, Issac PK, Velayutham M, Saraswathi NT, Arshad A, Arockiaraj J
    Mol Biol Rep, 2021 Jan;48(1):743-761.
    PMID: 33275195 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-06036-8
    Obesity is growing at an alarming rate, which is characterized by increased adipose tissue. It increases the probability of many health complications, such as diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disease, and cancer. In modern society, with a growing population of obese patients, several individuals have increased insulin resistance. Herbal medicines are known as the oldest method of health care treatment for obesity-related secondary health issues. Several traditional medicinal plants and their effective phytoconstituents have shown anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic activity. Adipose tissue is a major site for lipid accumulation as well as the whole-body insulin sensitivity region. 3T3-L1 cell line model can achieve adipogenesis. Adipocyte characteristics features such as expression of adipocyte markers and aggregation of lipids are chemically induced in the 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 is an efficient and convenient way to obtain adipocyte like cells in experimental studies. Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein α (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein α or C/EBPα) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation. Excess accumulation of these adipose tissues and lipids leads to obesity. Thus, investigating adipose tissue development and the underlying molecular mechanism is important in the therapeutical approach. This review describes the cellular mechanism of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells on potential anti-adipogenic herbal bioactive compounds.
    Matched MeSH terms: Anti-Obesity Agents/therapeutic use*
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