Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 153 in total

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  1. Kow CS, Hasan SS
    J Hypertens, 2021 04 01;39(4):812-813.
    PMID: 33649284 DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002778
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  2. Ruszymah BH, Nabishah BM, Aminuddin S, Khalid BA
    Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol, 1995 Jan;22(1):35-9.
    PMID: 7768032
    1. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of repeated exposure to stress on tail blood pressure (TBP) of normal as well as GCA (glycyrrhizic acid) and steroid treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (250 g) were exposed to ether vapour to achieve light anaesthesia prior to TBP recording. Rats were injected with either normal saline or naloxone prior to exposure to stress. Tail blood pressure was recorded daily for 2 weeks. 2. We found that ether stress caused a transient drop in TBP in control as well as in dexamethasone (DEX) treated rats. The stress-induced fall in blood pressure was reduced by naloxone in control rats but not in DEX treated rats. However the transient drop in TBP following stress was not seen in either GCA or deoxycorticosterone (DOC) treated rats. 3. We conclude that first, the reduction in TBP was due to the release of endogenous opioids caused by stress. Second, DOC may block the release of such endogenous opioids, preventing the drop in TBP in response to stress, while DEX did not. Third, GCA caused a similar mineralocorticoid effect on reversing stress induced hypotension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects*
  3. Passmore MR, Obonyo NG, Byrne L, Boon AC, Diab SD, Dunster KR, et al.
    Thromb Res, 2019 Apr;176:39-45.
    PMID: 30776686 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.02.015
    INTRODUCTION: Fluid resuscitation is a cornerstone of severe sepsis management, however there are many uncertainties surrounding the type and volume of fluid that is administered. The entire spectrum of coagulopathies can be seen in sepsis, from asymptomatic aberrations to fulminant disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The aim of this study was to determine if fluid resuscitation with saline contributes to the haemostatic derangements in an ovine model of endotoxemic shock.

    MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-one adult female sheep were randomly divided into no endotoxemia (n = 5) or endotoxemia groups (n = 16) with an escalating dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) up to 4 μg/kg/h administered to achieve a mean arterial pressure below 60 mmHg. Endotoxemia sheep received either no bolus fluid resuscitation (n = 8) or a 0.9% saline bolus (40 mL/kg over 60 min) (n = 8). No endotoxemia, saline only animals (n = 5) underwent fluid resuscitation with a 0.9% bolus of saline as detailed above. Hemodynamic support with vasopressors was initiated if needed, to maintain a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 60-65 mm Hg in all the groups.

    RESULTS: Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) and conventional coagulation biomarker tests demonstrated sepsis induced derangements to secondary haemostasis. This effect was exacerbated by saline fluid resuscitation, with low pH (p = 0.036), delayed clot initiation and formation together with deficiencies in naturally occurring anti-coagulants antithrombin (p = 0.027) and Protein C (p = 0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: Endotoxemia impairs secondary haemostasis and induces changes in the intrinsic, extrinsic and anti-coagulant pathways. These changes to haemostasis are exacerbated following resuscitation with 0.9% saline, a commonly used crystalloid in clinical settings.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  4. Wang JG, Chia YC, Chen CH, Park S, Hoshide S, Tomitani N, et al.
    J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich), 2020 03;22(3):363-368.
    PMID: 31955513 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13803
    The new Chinese hypertension guideline comprehensively covers almost all major aspects in the management of hypertension. In this new guideline, hypertension remains defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure of at least 140/90 mm Hg. For risk assessment, a qualitative approach is used similarly as in previous Chinese guidelines according to the blood pressure level and the presence or absence of other risk factors, target organ damage, cardiovascular complications, and comorbid diseases. The therapeutic target is 140/90 mm Hg in general, and if tolerated, especially in high-risk patients, can be more stringent, that is, 130/80 mm Hg. However, a less stringent target, that is, 150/90 mm Hg, is used in the younger (65-79 years, if tolerated, 140/90 mm Hg) and older elderly (≥80 years). Five classes of antihypertensive drugs, including β-blockers, can be used either in initial monotherapy or combination. The guideline also provided information on the management of hypertension in several special groups of patients and in the presence of secondary causes of hypertension. To implement the guideline recommendations, several nationwide hypertension control initiatives are being undertaken with new technology. The new technological platforms hopefully will help improve the management of hypertension and generate scientific evidence for future hypertension guidelines, including a possible Asian hypertension guideline in the near future.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  5. Abdul Rahman AR, Reyes EB, Sritara P, Pancholia A, Van Phuoc D, Tomlinson B
    Curr Med Res Opin, 2015 May;31(5):865-74.
    PMID: 25707364 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1020368
    Hypertension incurs a significant healthcare burden in Asia-Pacific countries, which have suboptimal rates of blood pressure (BP) treatment and control. A consensus meeting of hypertension experts from the Asia-Pacific region convened in Hanoi, Vietnam, in April 2013. The principal objectives were to discuss the growing problem of hypertension in the Asia-Pacific region, and to develop consensus recommendations to promote standards of care across the region. A particular focus was recommendations for combination therapy, since it is known that most patients with hypertension will require two or more antihypertensive drugs to achieve BP control, and also that combinations of drugs with complementary mechanisms of action achieve BP targets more effectively than monotherapy. The expert panel reviewed guidelines for hypertension management from the USA and Europe, as well as individual Asia-Pacific countries, and devised a treatment matrix/guide, in which they propose the preferred combination therapy regimens for patients with hypertension, both with and without compelling indications. This report summarizes key recommendations from the group, including recommended antihypertensive combinations for specific patient populations. These strategies generally entail initiating therapy with free drug combinations, starting with the lowest available dosage, followed by treatment with single-pill combinations once the BP target has been achieved. A single reference for the whole Asia-Pacific region may contribute to increased consistency of treatment and greater proportions of patients achieving BP control, and hence reducing hypertension-related morbidity and mortality.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects*
  6. Ibrahim NN, Rasool AH, Wong AR, Rahman AR
    Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol, 2007 Jun;29(5):349-52.
    PMID: 17805437
    Pulse-wave analysis (PWA) combined with pharmacological challenges has recently been used as a method to measure endothelial function. This involved administration of glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), followed by salbutamol as endothelium-independent and -dependent vasodilators, respectively. The duration of GTN effect needs to be established before the administration of salbutamol. Baseline augmentation index (AIx) and pulse-wave velocity (PWV) measurements were taken in 11 healthy female subjects (mean age 23.27 +/- 3.66 years). Sublingual GTN 0.5 mg was administered for 3 min, followed by AIx and PWV measurements every 5 min till 20 min and then every 10 min until 40 min post-GTN. Maximum change in AIx post-GTN was at 3 min with a mean change from the baseline of -17.86% +/- 4.40% (p < 0.001). There were no significant changes noted after 30 and 40 min with mean change being -0.82% +/- 2.61% and 0.14% +/- 3.20%, respectively (p > 0.05). Significant changes in PWV were noted at 5 and 10 min with the mean change of -0.33 +/- 0.36 m/s and -0.33 +/- 0.35 m/s, respectively (p = 0.01). There were no further changes noted at 15 min and thereafter (p > 0.05). A duration of at least 30 min after GTN is required for AIx and PWV values to reach their baseline. Thus, the administration of salbutamol should be given only after 30 min of sublingual GTN for the assessment of endothelial function.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  7. Hashim H, Lim KS, Choong YY, Nor NM
    Retina, 2005 Jan;25(1):87-9.
    PMID: 15655449
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  8. Teng CL, Lim WY, Chua CZ, Teo RS, Lin KT, Yeo JC
    Aust Fam Physician, 2016;45(1):65-8.
    PMID: 27051992
    BACKGROUD: Previous studies have shown that the blood pressure elevating effect of acute caffeine consumption was variable because of the heterogeneity of study participants, dosage of caffeine and study designs.
    OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to examine the effect of a single cup of coffee on the blood pressure of young adults.
    METHODS: Normotensive adults were randomised to receive either a cup of caffeinated drink (intervention group) or a cup of decaffeinated drink (control group). The main outcome measure was mean change in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) between intervention and control groups.
    RESULTS: Enrolled participants (n = 104) were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n = 53) or the control group (n = 51). The mean differences in SBP and DBP of the two groups were +2.77 mmHg (P = 0.05) and +2.11 mmHg (P = 0.64), respectively. Therefore, the rise in both SBP and DBP after caffeine consumption was not statistically significant.
    DISCUSSION: Our study confirmed that drinking a single cup of coffee (containing 80 mg of caffeine) does not have a significant impact on the blood pressure of healthy normotensive young adults one hour after the drink.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects*
  9. Hussin AM, Ashor AW, Schoenmakers I, Hill T, Mathers JC, Siervo M
    Eur J Nutr, 2017 Apr;56(3):1095-1104.
    PMID: 26848580 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1159-3
    BACKGROUND: In addition to regulating calcium homoeostasis and bone health, vitamin D influences vascular and metabolic processes including endothelial function (EF) and insulin signalling. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials (RCTs) were conducted to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on EF and to examine whether the effect size was modified by health status, study duration, dose, route of vitamin D administration, vitamin D status (baseline and post-intervention), body mass index (BMI), age and type of vitamin D.

    METHODS: We searched the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library and Scopus databases from inception until March 2015 for studies meeting the following criteria: (1) RCT with adult participants, (2) vitamin D administration alone, (3) studies that quantified EF using commonly applied methods including ultrasound, plethysmography, applanation tonometry and laser Doppler.

    RESULTS: Sixteen articles reporting data for 1177 participants were included. Study duration ranged from 4 to 52 weeks. The effect of vitamin D on EF was not significant (SMD: 0.08, 95 % CI -0.06, 0.22, p = 0.28). Subgroup analysis showed a significant improvement of EF in diabetic subjects (SMD: 0.31, 95 % CI 0.05, 0.57, p = 0.02). A non-significant trend was found for diastolic blood pressure (β = 0.02; p = 0.07) and BMI (β = 0.05; p = 0.06).

    CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D supplementation did not improve EF. The significant effect of vitamin D in diabetics and a tendency for an association with BMI may indicate a role of excess adiposity and insulin resistance in modulating the effects of vitamin D on vascular function. This remains to be tested in future studies.

    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  10. Munisamy S, Daud KM, Mokhtar SS, Rasool AH
    Microcirculation, 2016 Jan;23(1):53-61.
    PMID: 26749451 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12256
    To determine the effects of six months alfacalcidol on microvascular endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and BP in DN patients.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects*
  11. Abbas SA, Sharma JN, Yusof AP
    Immunopharmacology, 1999 Oct 15;44(1-2):93-8.
    PMID: 10604530
    It is known that BK does play a role in the cardioprotective effect of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. The present study therefore was conducted to examine the effects of bradykinin (BK) and its antagonist on survival time in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with coronary artery ligation for 15 min and continuously. We also evaluated the heart rate and blood pressure (BP) in the presence and absence of BK and BK2 receptor antagonist, D-Arg-[Hyp-D-Phe7]BK. Coronary artery was ligated in anaesthetized rats and they were artificially ventilated with room air (stroke volume, 4 ml; 48 strokes/min) as described by the previous investigators. Lead II elecrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded from subcutaneous steel needle electrodes. Results of this investigation indicated that BK treatment 4 microg/kg (i.v.) and 8 microg/kg (i.v.) caused significant (P < 0.05) increase in survival time in SHR with coronary artery ligation for 15 min and continuously as compare to their respective saline-treated controls. However, BK antagonist treatment 4 microg/kg (i.v.) abolished the increase in survival time caused by BK treatment. The mean values of survival time between the saline-treated and BK antagonist plus BK-treated rats did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). The heart rate and BP responses were greatly reduced (P < 0.001) in the presence of coronary artery ligation. These findings suggest that BK might have cardioprotective effect to increase the survival time in rats by activating BK2 receptors after coronary artery ligation.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  12. Chin KW, Law NM, Chin MK
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Jun;49(2):158-63.
    PMID: 8090095
    Phenylephrine in concentrations of either 2.5% or 10% is widely used as a mydriatic agent in ophthalmic surgery. Its potential cardiovascular effects are seldom recorded as ophthalmic surgery is not usually monitored by an anaesthetist. A prospective randomised double blind study was carried out in 89 consecutive cases of uncomplicated cataract surgery in the presence of an anaesthesiologist ensuring the continuous monitoring of blood pressure, heart rate, electrocardiography and pulse oximetry. All these patients were given a drop of either normal saline, 2.5% or 10% phenylephrine in addition to mydriacyl prior to surgery. Blood pressure readings were found to be significantly higher in non-hypertensive patients receiving phenylephrine at the start of the operation and at five, 10, 15 and 20 minutes intra-operatively and the first three hours post-operatively. Blood pressure readings in hypertensive patients, on the other hand, were also found to increase after phenylephrine administration, though not statistically significant. 10.3% of the 10% phenylephrine group and 3% of the 2.5% phenylephrine group required intraoperative intravenous hypotensive agent to control the blood pressure. There were no arrhythmias or ischaemic changes observed intraoperatively. None of the patients complained of palpitation, headache or chest discomfort. There was no oxygen desaturation observed. We concluded that significant hypertensive effects can arise after phenylephrine eye drop administration. Hence, it should be used cautiously with intraoperative monitoring of the cardiovascular status during cataract surgery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects*
  13. Chin KW, Chin NM, Chin MK
    Med J Malaysia, 1994 Jun;49(2):142-8.
    PMID: 8090093
    Three millilitres of plain 0.5% bupivacaine were injected intrathecally at two different spinal interspaces (L2/3 and L4/5) and at two different speeds (15 and 30 sec) in four groups of ten patients. Injection at L2/3 over 15 sec produced a significantly higher mean maximum spread of analgesia (T6.4) when compared to injection at L4-5 over 15 sec (T10.3) (P < 0.05). Over the same interspace L2/3, injection over 15 sec also produced a higher level of spread as compared to the 30 sec group (p < 0.05). At 15 min there was a greater fall in blood pressure in the L2/3 15 sec group when compared to the other groups (p < 0.01). There was a further decrease in the blood pressure in L2/3 15 sec and L4/5 30 sec groups after 30 minutes of blockade (p < 0.01). Therefore close monitoring of cardiovascular parameters must be continued for at least 30 min in spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  14. Miranda AF, Kyi W, Sivalingam N
    Med J Malaysia, 1992 Dec;47(4):280-6.
    PMID: 1303480
    Two identical groups of females underwent caesarean operations. One group was induced with propofol 2.04 (SD 0.023) mg per kilogram and the other group induced with methohexitone 1.05 (SD 0.15) mg per kilogram body weight. Maintenance of anaesthesia was identical in both groups. Post-intubation blood pressure in the methohexitone group was significantly raised whereas with propofol the changes were not significant. There were no significant differences in the Apgar scores, uterine contractility and umbilical venous or arterial blood gases. There was a significant difference in the analgesic requirement in the first hour of the post-operative period; in the propofol group, patients needed less analgesia compared to the methohexitone group. There was no maternal awareness in both groups.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  15. Lim SK, Lim WL, Elegbe EO
    West Afr J Med, 1996 Oct-Dec;15(4):186-9.
    PMID: 9020593
    30 patients who received electroconvulsive therapy were anaesthetized with either Propofol or Methohexitone in a randomized cross-over study. Recovery times were shorter in those who received Propofol. The decrease in diastolic pressure after induction was greater with Propofol than with Methohexitone. There was a greater increase in the blood pressure after the electroconvulsive therapy in those who received Methohexitone. The duration of convulsion was similar for both agents.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  16. Chang P, Koh YK, Geh SL, Soepadmo E, Goh SH, Wong AK
    J Ethnopharmacol, 1989 Apr;25(2):213-5.
    PMID: 2747255
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  17. Gan EK, Tan JSK
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Jun;36(2):112-5.
    PMID: 7343819
    Male albino rats were chronically loaded with sodium by giving 1% NaCl solution as the sole source of drinking water. Daily fluid intake, daily urinary output and daily Na+ and K+ excretion rates were compared with control rats receiving tap water for six weeks. At the end ofsix weeks, sodium loaded animals were found to have raised plasma Na+ concentration, lowered plasma K+ concentration and lowered haematocrit value. Sodium loaded rats were also significantly more responsive to the pressor effect of submaximal doses of adrenaline, noradrenaline and angiotensin II given intravenously. It is concluded that the increase in sensitivity to adrenaline and noradrenaline may be due to changes in EGF and alterations of plasma electrolytes concentration. For angiotensin II, additionally, it may be due to low circulating endogenous angiotensin II, consequent of reduction in renin release attributed to chronic sodium loading.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  18. Sidek Nontak MA
    Med J Malaysia, 1981 Sep;36(3):181-5.
    PMID: 6120443
    A total of 12 severely hypertensive patients were treated with a once daily dose ofNadolol. There was a drop in diastolic pressure to a mean of 105 mm Hg standing within two weeks and this was well maintained up to 12 months of therapy, the lowest diastolic pressure being 94 mm Hg standing at six months of therapy. Nadolol produced no significant side effects and bradycardia was not a problem during treatment. Of the eleven patients who were resistant to previous therapy because of various reasons all except two responded excellently. One of the non responders has real resistance to therapy and the other is non compliant. Nadolol is found to be an effective once daily treatment for severe and resistant hypertension.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects
  19. Leong XF, Aishah A, Nor Aini U, Das S, Jaarin K
    Arch Med Res, 2008 Aug;39(6):567-72.
    PMID: 18662587 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2008.04.009
    Palm oil used worldwide contains considerable amounts of antioxidants, namely, vitamin E and carotenes. The purpose of the study was to observe the effect of heated palm oil on blood pressure and observe the cardiac histological changes in rats.
    Matched MeSH terms: Blood Pressure/drug effects*
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