MyMedR

Fulltext Intracranial metastatic neuroblastoma mimicking subdural empyema: an interesting case

Hairuddin NF, Musa AT, Abdullah MS

Malaysian Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2016;22(1):66-70.

MyJurnal

Neuroblastoma is usually presented with abdominal distension. However, central nervous system manifestations of neuroblastoma are uncommon. In this case report, patient presented with uncommon presentation of neuroblastoma and the diagnostic dilemma.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Fulltext A rare extrapyramidal manifestation in a patient with primary central nervous system lymphoma

Tee TY, Khoo CS, Ibrahim NM, Osman SS

Neurol India, 2019 3 13;67(1):297-299.

PMID: 30860142 DOI: 10.4103/0028-3886.253620

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology*

Suprasellar lymphoma masquerading as tuberculosis of the central nervous system

Dang YL, Hor JY, Chia YK, Lim TT, Eow GB

Acta Neurol Belg, 2014 Sep;114(3):239-41.

PMID: 23757110 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-013-0217-3

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/pathology; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/physiopathology*

Fulltext Third ventricular cavernous angioma

Zakaria MA, Abdullah JM, George JP, Mutum SS, Lee NN

Med J Malaysia, 2006 Jun;61(2):229-32.

PMID: 16898318 MyJurnal

Third ventricular cavernous angiomas are rare vascular malformations of the brain. We report an eight-year old boy with a rare third ventricular cavernous angioma that hemorrhaged presenting with symptoms of acute hydrocephalus. Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) showed a heterogenous ill-defined, solid and cystic intraventricular mass in the third ventricle which was mildly enhanced with contrast and there was associated hydrocephalus. The mass was removed with success and follow up after two years revealed no neurological abnormalities.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/surgery

Telomerase activity in Malaysian patients with central nervous system tumors

Isa MN, Sulong S, Sidek MR, George PJ, Abdullah JM

Southeast Asian J. Trop. Med. Public Health, 2003 Dec;34(4):872-6.

PMID: 15115103

Telomerase, the enzyme that stabilizes telomere length is reactivated with almost all cancer types, and may be a useful diagnostic marker for malignancy. Telomerase activity has been detected in germ line cells and most cancer cells, whereas most normal somatic cells have no clearly detectable telomerase activity. In our study, we aim to detect telomerase activity in 20 human central nervous system tumors from Malaysian patients. Telomerase activity was detected based on a highly sensitive procedure consisting of a CHAPS detergent-based extraction from frozen tissues and a PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) using a TRAPEZE Telomerase Detection Kit (Intergen, Co). Telomerase activity was considered positive when a ladder of products was observed starting at 50bp, with 6bp increments. The activity was detected in 30% of the samples analysed, included glioblastoma multiforme, meduloblastoma, paraganglioma and oligodendroglioma. The result of Fisher's exact test indicated that there was a significant association between telomerase activity status with tumor grade (p=0.003). These results suggest that telomerase activity may be an important marker for tumor malignancy.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis*; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/enzymology

Current Perspectives on Therapies, Including Drug Delivery Systems, for Managing Glioblastoma Multiforme

Bhaskaran M, Devegowda VG, Gupta VK, Shivachar A, Bhosale RR, Arunachalam M, et al.

ACS Chem Neurosci, 2020 10 07;11(19):2962-2977.

PMID: 32945654 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00555

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a standout among the most dangerous class of central nervous system (CNS) cancer, is most common and is an aggressive malignant brain tumor in adults. In spite of developments in modality therapy, it remains mostly incurable. Consequently, the need for novel systems, strategies, or therapeutic approaches for enhancing the assortment of active agents meant for GBM becomes an important criterion. Currently, cancer research focuses mainly on improving the treatment of GBM via diverse novel drug delivery systems. The treatment options at diagnosis are multimodal and include radiation therapy. Moreover, significant advances in understanding the molecular pathology of GBM and associated cell signaling pathways have opened opportunities for new therapies. Innovative treatment such as immunotherapy also gives hope for enhanced survival. The objective of this work was to collect and report the recent research findings to manage GBM. The present review includes existing novel drug delivery systems and therapies intended for managing GBM. Reported novel drug delivery systems and diverse therapies seem to be precise, secure, and relatively effective, which could lead to a new track for the obliteration of GBM.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Fulltext Accumulation of Mitochondrial DNA Microsatellite Instability in Malaysian Patients with Primary Central Nervous System Tumors

Radzak S, Khair Z, Ahmad F, Idris Z, Yusoff A

Turk Neurosurg, 2021;31(1):99-106.

PMID: 33491172 DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.27893-20.4

AIM: To determine the mitochondrial microsatellite instability (mtMSI) status in a series of Malaysian patients with brain tumors. Furthermore, we analyzed whether the mtMSI status is associated with the clinicopathological features of the patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty fresh frozen tumor tissues along with blood samples of brain tumor patients were analyzed for mtMSI by PCR amplification of genomic DNAs, and the amplicons were directly sequenced in both directions using Sanger sequencing.

RESULTS: Microsatellite analysis revealed that 20% (8 out of 40) of the tumors were mtMSI positive with a total of 8 mtMSI changes. All mtMSI markers were detected in D310 and D16184 of the D-loop region. Additionally, no significant association was observed between mtMSI status and clinicopathological features.

CONCLUSION: The variations, specifically the mtMSI, suggest that the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can be targeted for genomic alteration in brain tumors. Therefore, the specific role of mtDNA alteration in brain tumor development and prognosis requires further investigation.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/diagnosis; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/epidemiology

Fulltext A case report of atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour in a 9-year-old girl

Chan KH, Mohammed Haspani MS, Tan YC, Kassim F

Malays J Med Sci, 2011 Jul;18(3):82-6.

PMID: 22135607 MyJurnal

Primary central nervous system atypical rhabdoid/teratoid tumour (ATRT) is a rare and highly malignant tumour that tends to occur in infancy and early childhood. The majority of tumours (approximately two-third) arise in the posterior fossa. The optimal treatment for ATRT remains unclear. Options of treatment include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Each of their role is still not clearly defined until now. The prognosis of the disease is generally unfavourable. This is a case report of ATRT in an atypical site in a 9-year-old girl.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Fulltext What We Know about the Molecular Genetics of Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumours in Malaysia

Sulong S, Yusoff AA, Zainuddin N, Abdullah JM, Pannatil JG, Jaafar H, et al.

Malays J Med Sci, 2004 Jan;11(1):37-43.

PMID: 22977358 MyJurnal

The new millennium has been regarded as a genomic era. A lot of researchers and pathologists are beginning to understand the scientific basis of molecular genetics and relates with the progression of the diseases. Central nervous system (CNS) tumours are among the most rapidly fatal of all cancers. It has been proposed that the progression of malignant tumours may result from multi-step of genetic alterations, including activation of oncogenes, inactivation of tumour suppressor genes and also the presence of certain molecular marker such as telomerase activity. In this paper, we review some recent data from the literature, including our own studies, on the molecular genetics analysis in CNS tumours. Our studies have shown that two types of tumour suppressor genes, p53 and PTEN were involved in the development of these tumours but not in p16 gene among the patients from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). Telomerase activity also has been detected in various types of CNS tumours. Thus, it is important to assemble all data which related to this study and may provide as a vital information in a new approach to neuro-oncology studies in Malaysia.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Molecular genetic analysis of BAX and cyclin D1 genes in patients with malignant glioma

Abdullah JM, Ahmad F, Ahmad KA, Ghazali MM, Jaafar H, Ideris A, et al.

Neurol Res, 2007 Apr;29(3):239-42.

PMID: 17509221

Brain tumorigenesis is a complex process involving multiple genetic alterations. Cyclin D1 and BAX genes are two of the most important regulators in controlling the normal proliferation and apoptosis of cells, respectively. In this study, we analysed the possibilities of involvement of cyclin D1 and BAX genes in the gliomagenesis.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/genetics*

ATM inhibition prevents interleukin-6 from contributing to the proliferation of glioblastoma cells after ionizing radiation

Lim YC, Quek H, Offenhäuser C, Fazry S, Boyd A, Lavin M, et al.

J Neurooncol, 2018 Jul;138(3):509-518.

PMID: 29564746 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-018-2838-0

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly fatal disease with a 5 year survival rate of less than 22%. One of the most effective treatment regimens to date is the use of radiotherapy which induces lethal DNA double-strand breaks to prevent tumour growth. However, recurrence occurs in the majority of patients and is in-part a result of robust radioresistance mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that the multifunctional cytokine, interleukin-6 (IL-6), confers a growth advantage in GBM cells but does not have the same effect on normal neural progenitor cells. Further analysis showed IL-6 can promote radioresistance in GBM cells when exposed to ionising radiation. Ablation of the Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated serine/threonine kinase that is recruited and activated by DNA double-strand breaks reverses the effect of radioresistance and re-sensitised GBM to DNA damage thus leading to increase cell death. Our finding suggests targeting the signaling cascade of DNA damage response is a potential therapeutic approach to circumvent IL-6 from promoting radioresistance in GBM.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/metabolism; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/radiotherapy*

Fulltext Cytotoxicity and apoptotic activities of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienol isomers on human cancer cells

Lim SW, Loh HS, Ting KN, Bradshaw TD, Zeenathul NA

BMC Complement Altern Med, 2014;14:469.

PMID: 25480449 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-469

Tocotrienols, especially the gamma isomer was discovered to possess cytotoxic effects associated with the induction of apoptosis in numerous cancers. Individual tocotrienol isomers are believed to induce dissimilar apoptotic mechanisms in different cancer types. This study was aimed to compare the cytotoxic potency of alpha-, gamma- and delta-tocotrienols, and to explore their resultant apoptotic mechanisms in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 and glioblastoma U87MG cells which are scarcely researched.

Matched MeSH terms: Central Nervous System Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Central Nervous System Neoplasms/metabolism

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