Displaying publications 1 - 20 of 37 in total

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  1. Prevention of hospital infection
    Lam KL
    Med J Malaysia, 1978 Dec;33(2):133-6.
    PMID: 755163
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  2. Reducing nosocomial infection in neonatal intensive care: an intervention study
    Rahim RH, Barnett T
    Int J Nurs Pract, 2009 Dec;15(6):580-4.
    PMID: 19958414 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-172X.2009.01800.x
    Nosocomial infection is a common cause of morbidity and mortality for hospitalized neonates. This report describes measures taken to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial infection within a 34-bed neonatal intensive care unit in Malaysia. Interventions included a one-to-one education programme for nursing staff (n = 30); the education of cleaners and health-care assistants allocated to work in the unit; and the introduction of routine (weekly) screening procedure for all infants with feedback given to staff. The education programme for nurses focused on the application of standard precautions to three common clinical procedures: hand washing, tracheobronchial suctioning and nasogastric tube feeding. These were evaluated using competency checklists. The prevalence of nosocomial blood and respiratory tract infections declined over the 7-month study period. This study highlights the importance of education in contributing to the control of nosocomial infection in the neonatal intensive care unit.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  3. Critical care nurses' knowledge in preventing nosocomial pneumonia
    Soh KL, Koziol-Mclain J, Wilson J, Soh KG
    Aust J Adv Nurs, 2007 Mar-May;24(3):19-25.
    PMID: 17518161
    The purpose of this study was to identify knowledge deficits concerning nosocomial pneumonia (NP) prevention among critical care nurses. The study also determined whether NP knowledge was associated with nurse characteristics.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  4. Physical methods of reducing the transmission of nosocomial infections via ultrasound and probe
    Abdullah BJ, Mohd Yusof MY, Khoo BH
    Clin Radiol, 1998 Mar;53(3):212-4.
    PMID: 9528873
    Nosocomial infections are posing an increasingly serious problem in the hospital setting. With the increasing use of ultrasound in medical diagnosis, there is the potential for transmission of nosocomial infections via the ultrasound transducer and coupling gel. We evaluated the use of different membranes (three types of commercially available household cling film, condom, surgical glove and Opsite) applied over the ultrasound probe to determine if these were safe, convenient, cost-effective and did not impair the performance parameters of the ultrasound probe. None of the membranes impaired the physical scanning parameters using a Multi-Purpose Tissue/Cyst Phantom. The cling film was ideal for general use in terms of cost and convenience as well as safety. For sterile use the Opsite was better overall compared to the surgical glove, though it costs significantly more. The condom and surgical glove, though safe, were not very convenient to use for scanning.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  5. Prevention of infection in the immunocompromised
    Lim VK
    Ann Acad Med Singap, 1997 May;26(3):331-5.
    PMID: 9285028
    Infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. The high risk of infection is not only the consequence of the underlying disease but also the result of the diagnostic, monitoring and therapeutic procedures performed on these patients. Infections may be exogenous or endogenous in origin. The prevention of exogenous infections requires a high standard of hygiene. As many infections are acquired in hospitals, an effective control of nosocomial infection programme is crucial in preventing infections in the immunocompromised. Prevention of endogenous infections involves suppression of the aerobic bacterial flora (selective decontamination) and measures to maintain gastrointestinal epithelial integrity to reduce risk of translocation of intestinal flora. Boosting the host immunity through passive and active immunisation should also be considered. Prevention of infection in the immunocompromised is no easy task and requires a multidisciplinary approach.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  6. Fulltext Disinfection and the control of nosocomial infection
    Lim VKE
    Med J Malaysia, 1995 Dec;50(4):289-90.
    PMID: 8668044
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  7. Hospital infection control in Malaysia
    Lim VK
    J Hosp Infect, 2001 Jul;48(3):177-9.
    PMID: 11439003
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  8. Fulltext The prevention of Cronobacter infections in hospital neonatal intensive care units
    Odeyemi OA, Sani NA
    J Infect Public Health, 2016 Jan-Feb;9(1):110-2.
    PMID: 26235961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2015.06.012
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  9. Fulltext Antibiotic use in residential aged care facilities
    Lim CJ, Stuart RL, Kong DC
    Aust Fam Physician, 2015 Apr;44(4):192-6.
    PMID: 25901402
    BACKGROUND: High infection burden among the residential aged care facility (RACF) population has long been recognised; however, existing infection prevention effort is often limited to infection surveillance activity. There is a scarcity of evidence to guide antimicrobial stewardship in the Australian RACF setting.
    OBJECTIVE: This review summarises the current trends in antibiotic use and multi-drug resistant (MDR) organisms, challenges related to antibiotic prescribing and areas of suboptimal antibiotic prescribing for further improvement, particularly in the Australian RACF setting.
    DISCUSSION: There is widespread antibiotic prescribing in RACF, which may lead to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Accordingly, there is an immediate need for judicious antibiotic use in this high-risk population to curb the rapid emergence of MDR organisms and other adverse consequences associated with inappropriate antibiotic use, as well as to reduce healthcare costs.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  10. Fulltext Risk of tuberculosis to healthcare workers
    Liam CK
    Med J Malaysia, 2001 Mar;56(1):107-11; quiz 112.
    PMID: 11503290
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control
  11. Fulltext Use of negative pressure individual isolation system for CT scan of patients with suspected COVID-19
    Cheah PK, Krisnan T, Abdul Kadir MH, Steven EM
    Emerg Med J, 2020 Aug;37(8):467.
    PMID: 32546476 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2020-209851
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control
  12. Fulltext An outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a neonatal intensive care unit in Singapore: a 20-month study of clinical characteristics and control
    Tan KW, Tay L, Lim SH
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Jun;35(3):277-82.
    PMID: 7997904
    Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major infection control problem in many countries. There have been many reports of outbreaks in neonatal nurseries including, in our part of the world, Australia, Hong Kong and Malaysia. A recent outbreak of MRSA in the neonatal intensive care unit in the Kandang Kerbau Hospital, Singapore, presented us with the opportunity to study the clinical characteristics of the outbreak and the effects of infection control measures. Neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit were studied over a 20-month period. They were all screened for nasal colonisation on admission and weekly thereafter. Infections were documented. Over this period there were altogether 2,576 admissions of which 85 infants had nasal colonisation with MRSA (3.3%) and 28 developed infections (1%). Although the majority of infants colonised by MRSA suffered no ill effects, 3 had septicaemia and 2 had septicaemia with osteomyelitis. There were no deaths. Standard infection control measures with barrier nursing and the use of mupirocin nasal ointment were ineffective, and control was achieved only after strict cohorting together with the use of mupirocin was instituted. This was done without additional costs to the department and without additional nurses or doctors.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control
  13. Is reduced susceptibility to disinfectants and antiseptics a risk in healthcare settings? A point/counterpoint review
    Harbarth S, Tuan Soh S, Horner C, Wilcox MH
    J Hosp Infect, 2014 Aug;87(4):194-202.
    PMID: 24996517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.04.012
    Given the breadth and depth of antiseptic use, it is surprising how few large-scale studies have been undertaken into the consequences of their use, particularly in clinical practice. Depending on your point of view, this may either reflect an assurance that reduced susceptibility to antiseptics, and notably whether this confers cross-resistance to systemically administered antimicrobial agents, is not an issue of concern, or relative ignorance about the potential threat.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control
  14. Examining the impact of a 9-component bundle and the INICC multidimensional approach on catheter-associated urinary tract infection rates in 32 countries across Asia, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East
    Rosenthal VD, Yin R, Jin Z, Perez V, Kis MA, Abdulaziz-Alkhawaja S, et al.
    Am J Infect Control, 2024 Aug;52(8):906-914.
    PMID: 38437883 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2024.02.017
    BACKGROUND: Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) frequently occur in the intensive care unit (ICU) and are correlated with a significant burden.

    METHODS: We implemented a strategy involving a 9-element bundle, education, surveillance of CAUTI rates and clinical outcomes, monitoring compliance with bundle components, feedback of CAUTI rates and performance feedback. This was executed in 299 ICUs across 32 low- and middle-income countries. The dependent variable was CAUTI per 1,000 UC days, assessed at baseline and throughout the intervention, in the second month, third month, 4 to 15 months, 16 to 27 months, and 28 to 39 months. Comparisons were made using a 2-sample t test, and the exposure-outcome relationship was explored using a generalized linear mixed model with a Poisson distribution.

    RESULTS: Over the course of 978,364 patient days, 150,258 patients utilized 652,053 UC-days. The rates of CAUTI per 1,000 UC days were measured. The rates decreased from 14.89 during the baseline period to 5.51 in the second month (risk ratio [RR] = 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.34-0.39; P 

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control
  15. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module
    Rosenthal VD, Maki DG, Mehta Y, Leblebicioglu H, Memish ZA, Al-Mousa HH, et al.
    Am J Infect Control, 2014 09;42(9):942-56.
    PMID: 25179325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.029
    We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  16. Two outbreaks of Burkholderia cepacia nosocomial infection in a neonatal intensive care unit
    Lee JK
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2008 Jan;44(1-2):62-6.
    PMID: 17640280
    An outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia septicaemia occurred in our neonatal unit over a 9-week period in 2001, affecting 23 babies and two died. A second outbreak lasting 8 days occurred a year later, affecting five babies.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control
  17. Cross-infection control in Malaysian dental practice
    Razak IA, Lind OP
    Singapore Dent J, 1995 Jul;20(1):11-5.
    PMID: 9582683
    A questionnaire survey on cross-infection control was conducted among 1371 professionally trained dentists whose names appeared in the Malaysian Government Gazette of 1990. A 73.1 percent response rate was obtained. About 13 percent of the dentists routinely did not wear gloves during treatment of patients as opposed to 54 percent who routinely did. About 83 percent and 52 percent of dentists wore a mask and eyewear or glasses respectively when carrying out dental procedures. About 93 percent of dentists would use a new sterile needle for each patient and about 40 percent would wipe working surfaces with disinfectant after each patient. The practice of sterilizing handpieces was found to be uncommon as opposed to the sterilization of hand instruments. Variations were observed in some of the infection control measures by gender, seniority in service and employment status. More than one-third of the respondents had experienced puncture wounds during the last month prior to the survey.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  18. COVID-19 testing strategy in response to infection among healthcare workers in a large non-COVID-designated hospital
    Foo DHP, King TL, Lee HC, Santhramogan P, Ganasan V, Fong AYY, et al.
    Hosp Pract (1995), 2021 Apr;49(2):110-118.
    PMID: 33249880 DOI: 10.1080/21548331.2020.1857999
    Sarawak General Hospital, which is the only public access tertiary referral center in Sarawak State for all clinical specialties, was designated a hybrid hospital to treat both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients. During the initial surge of patients admitted with COVID-19, there was also a corresponding increase in health-care workers (HCWs) detected with COVID-19 infection. The latter being isolated, and the large number of staff members that had come into contact with COVID-19 being quarantined from work, placed further strain on the health-care services. The staff mass screening strategy was a policy decision made by the hospital in response to infection among HCWs, and it aimed to reduce in-hospital transmission (particularly among asymptomatic staff), mitigate workforce depletion due to quarantining, and protect the health-care workforce. In this study, we assessed the detection rate of COVID-19 infection from staff mass testing over a five-week period, and described our experience of adopting this surveillance screening strategy alongside ongoing contact tracing and symptomatic screening strategies. Although it was thought that such periodic staff surveillance might be helpful in protecting the health-care workforce within a short period, the long-term implications, especially in settings with limited resources, is significant and therefore explored in this paper. Our findings might provide an evidence-based reference for the future planning of an optimal strategy with the least compromise in care for a larger proportion of non-COVID-19 patients amid efforts against COVID-19 in a large non-COVID-designated hospital with hybrid status.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control
  19. Understanding of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the practice of preventive measures among doctors and nurses in a university teaching hospital- A cross-sectional study
    Ng BH, Low HJ, Nik Nuratiqah NA, Faisal AH, Soo CI, Periyasamy P, et al.
    Med J Malaysia, 2021 07;76(4):454-460.
    PMID: 34305104
    INTRODUCTION: Knowledge and adequate practice of preventive measures among health care workers (HCWs) are important to reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission.

    METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among doctors and nurses in the medical department in Pusat Perubatan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia between November 18, 2020 and December 18, 2020 during the third wave of COVID-19 epidemic in Malaysia. We studied the knowledge and practice of preventive measures of COVID-19 among doctors and nurses in the COVID-19 or sudden acute respiratory infection (SARI) wards and general medical wards. Data was collected using a validated self-designed google form online-questionnaire.

    RESULTS: A total of 407 subjects completed the study and 80.8% were females; 55.8% were aged between 30-39 years; 46.4% were medical doctors. The main source of COVID-19 knowledge was the Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) website (35.1%). Majority (97%) had sufficient knowledge and 82% practiced proper preventive measures. Doctors had a higher mean knowledge score compared to nurses (p < 0.001). HCWs working in COVID-19 or SARI wards scored higher in knowledge questions compared to those in the general medical wards (p = 0.020). Nurses practiced better preventive measures (p < 0.001). Good knowledge could not be predicted based on professions (OR: 0.222, 95% CI: 0.048 - 1.028, p = 0.054). Majority were unable to recall the proper steps of donning (85.8%) and doffing (98.5%).

    CONCLUSIONS: Although majority had good knowledge and practiced proper preventive measures, there was a poor recall in donning and doffing steps regardless of place of practice. The MOH website is a useful platform for tailored continuous medical education and regular updates on COVID-19. Regular training and retraining on donning and doffing of PPE is needed to bridge this gap.

    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control*
  20. Antibiotic susceptibility and REP-PCR fingerprints of Acinetobacter spp. isolated from a hospital ten years apart
    Misbah S, AbuBakar S, Hassan H, Hanifah YA, Yusof MY
    J Hosp Infect, 2004 Dec;58(4):254-61.
    PMID: 15564001
    The antibiotic susceptibility profiles and the repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based polymerase chain reaction (REP-PCR)-determined genotypes of 109 Acinetobacter strains collected from the University Malaya Medical Center (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1987 (N=21) and 1996-1998 (N=88) were established. Twelve antibiotic susceptibility profiles of antibiotics used at the UMMC were obtained. In descending order of effectiveness, imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin were the most effective against the Acinetobacter strains. Compared with 1987 isolates, the isolates obtained in 1996-1998 had decreased susceptibility to these antibiotics and were tolerant to the antibiotics up to an MIC90 of > or =256 mg/L. REP-PCR DNA fingerprints of all the isolates revealed the presence of four Acinetobacter spp. lineages; 92% of all the isolates belonged to two dominant lineages (genotypes 1 and 4). Genotype 4 isolates predominant in 1987 showed increased resistance and antibiotic tolerance to imipenem, amikacin and ciprofloxacin compared with the 1996-1998 isolates. In contrast, genotype 1 isolates from 1996-1998 were mainly sensitive to these antibiotics. These findings demonstrate the presence of at least two independent Acinetobacter spp. lineages in the same hospital, and suggest the possibility that genotype 4 Acinetobacter spp. acquired the resistance phenotype in situ, whereas most of the genotype 1 isolates were probably introduced to the hospital in recent years.
    Matched MeSH terms: Cross Infection/prevention & control
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