Displaying all 10 publications

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  1. Boo NY, Goon HK
    Singapore Med J, 1989 Oct;30(5):444-8.
    PMID: 2617297
    Over a 21-month period, 108 of 45,770 neonates born in the Maternity Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, developed necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). The incidence of NEC was 2.4 per 1000 livebirths or 2.7 per 100 special care nursery (SCN) admissions in this Hospital. There was no significant difference in the incidence between the sexes or among the different races. NEC was most common (9.4%) in the very low birthweight (VLBW: neonates weighing less than 1500 grams) and the preterms of less than 34 week gestation (8.4%). 54.6% of the patients developed the condition during the first week of life. NEC occurred throughout the year in our nursery with clustering of cases intermittently. The case fatality ratio of the condition was 28.7%. NEC accounted for 5.7% of our Hospital's neonatal (less than 28 days of life) and postneonatal (greater than or equal to 28 days of life) deaths. There was no significant difference in the rates of occurrence of placental praevia, prolonged rupture of amniotic membranes, maternal pregnancy-induced hypertension, birth asphyxia, apnoea, respiratory distress, patent ductus arteriosus and exchange blood transfusion in neonates with NEC and those in the control group. Our findings on Malaysian neonates were comparable with those reported in the literature on neonates in developed countries.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/mortality; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/epidemiology*
  2. Boey CC, Ramanujam TM, Looi LM
    J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 1997 Apr;24(4):426-9.
    PMID: 9144126
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/complications*; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/pathology; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/therapy
  3. Ram SP, Kassim Z, Kyaw K, Haque E, Halder D
    Singapore Med J, 1997 Mar;38(3):134-5.
    PMID: 9269385
    A 3-day-old male baby with neonatal necrotising enterocolitis had a central line (Cavafex No. 18) inserted through the left femoral vein for administration of parenteral nutrition. Forty-eight hours later, he developed progressive abdominal distention with evidence of free abdominal fluid. A contrast injection done through the left femoral vein revealed retroperitoneal leakage of contrast from a traumatic rupture of the left iliac vein. The intravenous catheter was removed and he was treated conservatively with eventual recovery.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/complications; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/therapy
  4. Ong HT, Kamath KR
    Med J Malaysia, 1973 Sep;28(1):32-4.
    PMID: 4273780
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/etiology*
  5. Hassan H, Teh A
    Singapore Med J, 1994 Apr;35(2):217-8.
    PMID: 7939827
    Clostridium septicum infection has been shown to have a strikingly high association with either bowel or blood malignancies. The infection may be fatal if unrecognised. We report a case of C. septicum bacteremia in a man diagnosed with acute myeloid leukaemia.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/microbiology
  6. Sartelli M, Di Bella S, McFarland LV, Khanna S, Furuya-Kanamori L, Abuzeid N, et al.
    World J Emerg Surg, 2019 02 28;14:8.
    PMID: 30858872 DOI: 10.1186/s13017-019-0228-3
    In the last three decades, Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) has increased in incidence and severity in many countries worldwide. The increase in CDI incidence has been particularly apparent among surgical patients. Therefore, prevention of CDI and optimization of management in the surgical patient are paramount. An international multidisciplinary panel of experts from the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) updated its guidelines for management of CDI in surgical patients according to the most recent available literature. The update includes recent changes introduced in the management of this infection.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/etiology; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/prevention & control
  7. Hazirah, A., Loong, Y.Y., Rushdan, A.A., Rukman, A.H., Yazid, M.M.
    MyJurnal
    Clostridium difficile can cause severe diseases with significant morbidity and mortality in infected patients.
    The rate of Clostridium difficile infection is high in North America and European countries. Metronidazole
    and vancomycin have been recommended as the treatments of choice since 1990s. Recurrent infection
    due to Clostridium difficile is common after several days of antibiotic administration. Probiotics have
    been used in these patients as an adjunct treatment with some successful findings. However, a detailed
    investigation on the use of probiotic for infected patients is still needed, particularly for its real efficacy.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
  8. Lim GH, Roslani AC, Pang B, Bih-Shiou CT
    Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech, 2008 Dec;18(6):616-8.
    PMID: 19098673 DOI: 10.1097/SLE.0b013e318180c956
    The endoscopic features of cholesterol atheroembolism affecting the colon have not been extensively described in the literature, owing to the rarity of this entity. We report a middle-aged man who presented with hematochezia after recent coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Colonoscopy revealed ulcerative skip lesions with overlying slough resembling pseudomembranes distal to the transverse colon, inconsistent with the initial clinical impression of ischemic colitis. As a consequence of continued bleeding with hemodynamic instability, the patient underwent an extended low anterior resection with end transverse colostomy. Histology revealed cholesterol atheroembolism resulting in patchy ischemic ulceration of the colon. Colonic cholesterol atheroembolism can mimic the endoscopic features of pseudomembranous colitis.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/diagnosis
  9. Moayyedi P, Eikelboom JW, Bosch J, Connolly SJ, Dyal L, Shestakovska O, et al.
    Gastroenterology, 2019 09;157(3):682-691.e2.
    PMID: 31152740 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.05.056
    BACKGROUND & AIMS: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are effective at treating acid-related disorders. These drugs are well tolerated in the short term, but long-term treatment was associated with adverse events in observational studies. We aimed to confirm these findings in an adequately powered randomized trial.

    METHODS: We performed a 3 × 2 partial factorial double-blind trial of 17,598 participants with stable cardiovascular disease and peripheral artery disease randomly assigned to groups given pantoprazole (40 mg daily, n = 8791) or placebo (n = 8807). Participants were also randomly assigned to groups that received rivaroxaban (2.5 mg twice daily) with aspirin (100 mg once daily), rivaroxaban (5 mg twice daily), or aspirin (100 mg) alone. We collected data on development of pneumonia, Clostridium difficile infection, other enteric infections, fractures, gastric atrophy, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive lung disease, dementia, cardiovascular disease, cancer, hospitalizations, and all-cause mortality every 6 months. Patients were followed up for a median of 3.01 years, with 53,152 patient-years of follow-up.

    RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the pantoprazole and placebo groups in safety events except for enteric infections (1.4% vs 1.0% in the placebo group; odds ratio, 1.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.75). For all other safety outcomes, proportions were similar between groups except for C difficile infection, which was approximately twice as common in the pantoprazole vs the placebo group, although there were only 13 events, so this difference was not statistically significant.

    CONCLUSIONS: In a large placebo-controlled randomized trial, we found that pantoprazole is not associated with any adverse event when used for 3 years, with the possible exception of an increased risk of enteric infections. ClinicalTrials.gov Number: NCT01776424.

    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/chemically induced; Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous/microbiology
  10. Syuhada, N., Azimatun, N.A., Alfizah, H., Tzar, M.N., Ramliza, R.
    Medicine & Health, 2013;8(2):64-72.
    MyJurnal
    Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) causes mild to severe diarrhoea and pseudomembranous colitis in patients who had prior antibiotic exposure. Despite CDI being prevalent worldwide, its epidemiological data is scanty in Malaysia. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and incidence of CDI at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC). Stool specimens from 147-suspected CDI patients were obtained from 1 November 2011 until 31 October 2012. The presence of C. difficile toxin A and/or B were detected using a commercial immunochromatographic kit (Wampole™ Tox A/B Quik Chek). Surveillance data was collected from patients’ medical records to establish the demographic and clinical characteristics. The overall prevalence and incidence of CDI in UKMMC was 6.1% and 5.2 cases per 10 000 patient-days, respectively. Among nine CDI patients, 77.8% were males and 55.6% were Chinese. CDI was most common in medical wards (88.9%). The median age was 60 years and the median length of hospital stay was 13 days. Majority (88.9%) of CDI patients received antibiotics eight weeks prior to CDI. Penicillin-beta-lactamase inhibitors were the most common antecedent antibiotics. Five (55.6%) CDI patients received acid suppressant medications. The in-hospital mortality rate was 22.2%. In conclusion, the prevalence and incidence of CDI at UKMMC is relatively low and occurs sporadically.
    Matched MeSH terms: Enterocolitis, Pseudomembranous
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