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Fulltext Detection rate of Pneumococcal Pneumonia using the Urine Antigen Kit BinaxNow Streptococcus Pneumoniae Test: a prospective cohort study in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia

Mohamed Faisal AH, Petrick P, Andrea YL Ban, Roslina AM

International Medical Journal Malaysia, 2017;16(1):29-36.
MyJurnal

Pneumococcal pneumonia is the commonest type of bacterial pneumonia worldwide. In Malaysia, the reported incidence of pneumococcal pneumonia is low. This may be due to poor sensitivity of conventional methods. The use of BinaxNOW, a urinary antigen test for Streptococcus pneumoniae can aid in the diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
Fulltext Outbreak of pneumonia in an army recruit training centre, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, July-August, 2000

Mohamed Paid, Y., Muhammad Amir, K., Mustafa Bakri, A., Low, S.H.

Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 2004;4(1):35-0.
MyJurnal

An outbreak of pneumonia occurred among 1,491 recruits undergoing training at the Army Recruit Training Center, Port Dickson, Negeri Sembihxn, between july to August 2000. They had reported for training 2 weeks before and were placed in new modern concrete 4 floors buiMing with well ventilated dorm. A total of 70 recruits were ajjfected and one died. The attack rate was 4.7% and the case fatality rate was 1.4%. The outbreak ajfected recruits from all the jive companies; J (21/299,
30.0%) , G (19/298, 27.1 %), I (14/298, 20.0%), H (13/298, 18.6%) and F (3/298, 4.3%) . The main presenting symptoms were fever (68/70, 97.1%), cough (62/70, 88.6%), and chest pain (35/70, 50 .0%) . This was a common site outbreak with the mode of spread from person to person through infected droplet. The outbreak has three peaks, which was at lst, 4th and 6th week respectively and lasted for eight weeks. The organisms isobted through blood culture were Streptococcal pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. All the cases were managed and treated as in-patients at four dijjferent hospitals depending on the severity of the illness. The main control activities carried out were separation of ill recruits from the healthy, reducing the number of recruits in the dormitories and encourage recruits to drink a lot of water while in training.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
Challenges in mapping research investments for treatments against pneumonia

Head MG, Fitchett JR, Clarke SC

Lancet Infect Dis, 2015 Nov;15(11):1262.
PMID: 26531036 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(15)00351-5
Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology*; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control*
Fulltext Informing pneumococcal conjugate vaccine policy in middle-income countries: The case of Malaysia

Tricarico S, McNeil HC, Head MG, Cleary DW, Clarke SC, MYCarriage

Vaccine, 2017 04 25;35(18):2288-2290.
PMID: 28347503 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.03.053
Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/mortality; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control*
Fulltext Investment in pneumonia and pneumococcal research

Head MG, Fitchett JR, Newell ML, Scott JAG, Clarke SC, Atun R

Lancet Infect Dis, 2014 Nov;14(11):1037-1038.
PMID: 25444398 DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70949-1
Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/epidemiology*; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/prevention & control*
Constrictive pericarditis following necrotising pneumococcal pneumonia in an immunocompetent child

Yubbu P, Kaur J, Jamaluddin JA

Cardiol Young, 2019 Aug;29(8):1101-1103.
PMID: 31239005 DOI: 10.1017/S1047951119001458

Purulent pericarditis leading to constrictive pericarditis is a rare but serious complication following invasive pneumococcal infection. Early recognition of this complication is crucial to prevent mortality. Here, we report a previously healthy child who developed constrictive pericarditis due to purulent pericarditis following necrotising pneumococcal pneumonia, which is not common in this current antibiotic and pneumococcal vaccine era. The child was successfully treated with pericardiectomy.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/complications*; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy
In vitro activity of Tedizolid phosphate against multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Asian countries

Baek JY, Kang CI, Kim SH, Ko KS, Chung DR, Peck KR, et al.

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis, 2016 Jun;85(2):218-20.
PMID: 27083121 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.02.022

Tedizolid phosphate is a second-generation oxazolidinone prodrug that is potential activity against a wide range of Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, penicillin-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. The in vitro activity of tedizolid and other comparator agents against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pneumococci from various Asian countries were evaluated. Of the S. pneumoniae clinical pneumonia isolates collected during 2008 and 2009 from 8 Asian countries (Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia, Philippines, and Sri Lanka), 104 isolates of MDR pneumococci were included in this study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for 18 antimicrobial agents was performed by broth microdilution method. Tedizolid was highly active against pneumococci. All isolates tested were inhibited at a tedizolid minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of ≤0.25μg/ml (ranged from ≤0.03μg/ml to 0.25μg/ml). The MIC50 and MIC90 of tedizolid against MDR pneumococci were both 0.12μg/ml, while MIC50 and MIC90 of linezolid were 0.5μg/ml and 1μg/ml, respectively. In addition, tedizolid maintained the activity against S. pneumoniae regardless of the extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotype of the isolates. The activity of tedizolid was excellent against all types of MDR pneumococci, exhibiting and maintaining at least 4-fold-greater potency compared to linezolid, regardless of resistance phenotypes to other commonly utilized agents. Tedizolid has the potential to be an agent to treat infections caused by MDR pneumococci in the Asia.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology
Genotypic characterization of Malaysian human isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from carriage and clinical sources

Shakrin NN, Masri SN, Taib NM, Nordin SA, Jamal F, Desa MN

Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 2014 Dec;37(5-6):347-54.
PMID: 25467035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2014.10.005

This study characterized carriage and clinical pneumococcal isolates for serotypes, penicillin susceptibility, virulence genes and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) pattern of penicillin binding protein (PBP) genes. DNA fingerprint of isolates was generated by BOX-PCR. Majority of serotypes were 23F followed by 19F, 19A and 6A. Twenty-four percent of isolates were penicillin non-susceptible (PNSP). All of the targeted virulence genes were detected in all isolates with the exception of pili; 20.6% (n=22) for PI-1 and 14.0% (n=15) for PI-2. Of the 13 isolates which carried both PI-1 and PI-2, 10 were of clinical origin. Digested pbp-DNA produced three PBP-RFLP profiles for pbp1a (A1 to A3), six profiles for pbp2b (B1 to B6) and seven for pbp2x (X1 to X7) mostly in PNSPs. Based on BOX-PCR analysis, the majority of isolates were genetically diverse with a small number of potentially related isolates carrying pili genes. No obvious genotypic association was observed pertaining to carriage and clinical origin of isolates.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/microbiology*
Fulltext Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Massive Empyema: a case report

Tin Nwe Latt

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1:41-47.

Although the use of appropriate antibiotics has significantly improved the outcome of pneumonia, severe complications are still encountered. We report here of a case with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia with massive empyema. A 2-year-4-month old girl presented with fever for 8 days and intermittent cough for 2 weeks. On examination, reduced air entry with dullness on percussion was noted on the left lung. Chest ultrasound revealed moderate to gross pleural effusion with septations, for which left thoraco-centesis with insertion of pigtail tube was performed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in the pleural fluid. Intravenous (IV) benzylpenicillin and ceftriaxone were given together with one course (5 days) of intrapleural urokinase to breakdown the septations. Timely and appropriate management of pneumonia including the use of thrombolytic agent is vital to ensure optimal outcome and reduce the need of invasive procedures in cases with massive empyema. Public awareness of pneumococcal vaccination is also essential as a part of preventive measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
Fulltext Serotype distribution of invasive, non-invasive and carried Streptococcus pneumoniae in Malaysia: a meta-analysis

Lister AJJ, Le CF, Cheah ESG, Desa MNM, Cleary DW, Clarke SC

Pneumonia (Nathan), 2021 May 25;13(1):9.
PMID: 34030731 DOI: 10.1186/s41479-021-00086-7

BACKGROUND: Pneumococcal pneumonia is the leading cause of under-five mortality globally. The surveillance of pneumococcal serotypes is therefore vital for informing pneumococcal vaccination policy and programmes. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have been available as an option in the private healthcare setting and beginning December 2020, PCV10 was incorporated as part of routine national immunisation programme (NIP) in Malaysia. We searched existing literature on pneumococcal serotype distribution across Malaysia to provide an overall view of this distribution before the implementation of PCV10.
METHODS: Online databases (PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE and Scopus), reference lists of articles identified, and grey literature (Malaysian Ministry of Health website, WHO website) were systematically searched for relevant literature on pneumococcal serotype distribution across Malaysia up to 10th November 2020. No lower date limit was set to maximise the number of target reports returned. Results of serotypes were split by age categories, including ≤5 years, > 5 years and unreported for those that did not specify.
RESULTS: The search returned 18 relevant results, with a total of 2040 isolates. The most common serotypes across all disease types were 19F (n = 313, 15.3% [95%CI: 13.8-17.0]), 23F (n = 166, 8.1% [95%CI: 7.0-9.4]), 14 (n = 166, 8.1% [95%CI: 7.0-9.4]), 6B (n = 163, 8.0% [95%CI: 6.9-9.2]) and 19A (n = 138, 6.8% [95%CI: 5.8-7.9]).
CONCLUSION: Four of the most common serotypes across all isolate sources in Malaysia are covered by PCV10, while PCV13 provides greater serotype coverage in comparison to PCV10. There is still a need for surveillance studies, particularly those investigating serotypes in children under 5 years of age, to monitor vaccine effectiveness and pneumococcal population dynamic following implementation of PCV10 into routine immunisation.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal
Fulltext Invasive Pneumococcal Pneumonia with Massive Empyema: a case report

Tin Nwe Latt

Journal of Clinical and Health Sciences, 2016;1(2):41-47.
MyJurnal

Although the use of appropriate antibiotics has significantly improved the outcome of pneumonia, severe complications are still encountered. We report here of a case with invasive pneumococcal pneumonia with massive empyema. A 2-year-4-month old girl presented with fever for 8 days and intermittent cough for 2 weeks. On examination, reduced air entry with dullness on percussion was noted on the left lung. Chest ultrasound revealed moderate to gross pleural effusion with septations, for which left thoraco-centesis with insertion of pigtail tube was performed. Streptococcus pneumoniae was detected via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test in the pleural fluid. Intravenous (IV) benzylpenicillin and ceftriaxone were given together with one course (5 days) of intrapleural urokinase to breakdown the septations. Timely and appropriate management of pneumonia including the use of thrombolytic agent is vital to ensure optimal outcome and reduce the need of invasive procedures in cases with massive empyema. Public awareness of pneumococcal vaccination is also essential as a part of preventive measures.

Matched MeSH terms: Pneumonia, Pneumococcal