The title compound, a Schiff base, C(24)H(31)NO(3), has a substituted aromatic ring at both ends of the azomethine linkage and these make a dihedral angle of 24.9 (1)°. There is an intra-molecular hydrogen bond between the hy-droxy group (donor) and the N atom of themazomethine linkage.
The title amine, C(24)H(33)NO(3), has two substituted aromatic rings at either end of the -CH(2)NH- linkage [C(ar-yl)-CH(2)-NH-C(ar-yl) torsion angle = 77.4 (3)°]. The amino and hy-droxy groups are hydrogen-bond donors to the carbonyl O atom of an adjacent mol-ecule. These hydrogen bonds give rise to a chain that runs along the b axis. One of the tert-butyl groups is disordered over two positions with a site-occupation factor of 0.834 (6) for the major occupied site.
In the title mol-ecular salt, C(8)H(13)N(2)O(+)·C(7)H(3)N(2)O(7) (-)·H(2)O, the pyrimidinium cation is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.009 (1) Å. The cation undergoes an enol-keto tautomerism during the crystallization. In the crystal, the ion pairs and water mol-ecules are connected via O-H⋯O, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming two-dimensional networks parallel to the bc plane. There is an intra-molecular O-H⋯O hydrogen bond in the 3,5-dinitro-salicylate anion, which generates an S(6) ring motif.
The Cu(II) atom in the title compound, [Cu(C(7)H(4)IO(2))(2)(C(10)H(8)N(2))(H(2)O)], is N,N'-chelated by a 2,2'-bipyridine ligand and is coordinated by two monodentate carboxyl-ate ions and a water mol-ecule in a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. The apical site is occupied by one of the carboxyl-ate O atoms. The water mol-ecule forms intra-molecular hydrogen bonds to the uncoordinated carboxyl O atoms. The crystal studied was a nonmerohedral twin with minor components in 0.381 (3) and 0.108 (2) proportions.
The V(V) atom in the title compound, [V(C(7)H(6)ClN(2)O)(C(16)H(11)ClN(2)O(3))O]·CH(3)OH, is N,O-chelated by the benzoyl-hydrazidate anion and O,N,O'-chelated by the (benzoyl-hydrazinyl-idene)propionate dianion. The distorted octa-hedral trans-N(2)O(4) coordination geometry is completed by the vanadyl O atom. The mononuclear and solvent mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds about a center of inversion, generating a dimer.
The Sn(IV) atom in the title compound, [Sn(C(4)H(9))(2)Cl(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))], is chelated by the N-heterocycle; the n-butyl groups are trans to each other whereas the Cl atoms are cis to each other. The crystal studied was a non-merohedral twin with the minor domain being in a 15.8 (1)% proportion.
In the title compound, C(14)H(12)N(2)O(2)S, the amino-phenol and the benzoyl groups adopt a syn-anti configuration with respect to the thiono C=S group across the thio-urea C-N. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzoyl and hy-droxy-phenyl rings is 36.77 (8)°. The mol-ecules are stabilized by intra-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O, O-H⋯S and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into a chain along the c axis.
The mol-ecule of the title compound, C(22)H(18)N(4)O(2)S(2), lies across a crystallographic inversion centre. The mol-ecule adopts a syn-anti configuration with respect to the positions of the carbonyl groups and terminal phenyl rings relative to the thione S atom across the C-N bond. There are two intra-molecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds within each molecule, resulting in the formation of four six-membered S(6) rings. The central and terminal rings make a dihedral angle of 13.55 (15)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds, forming R(2) (2)(14) rings and resulting in zigzag chains.
The aromatic ring of the title compound, C(6)H(3)ClN(2)O(5), is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.007 Å); one nitro substituent is nearly coplanar with the ring [dihedral angle = 3(1)°], whereas the other is twisted [dihedral angle = 36 (1)°]. The phenol OH group is intra-molecularly hydrogen bonded to the nitro group that is coplanar with the ring, generating an S(6) graph-set motif.
The title compound, Artonol B, C(24)H(20)O(7), isolated from the stem bark of Artocarpus kemando, consists of four six-membered rings and one five-membered ring. The tricyclic xanthone ring system is almost planar [maximum deviation 0.115 (5) Å], whereas the pyran-oid ring is in a distorted boat conformation·The furan ring is almost coplanar with the fused aromatic ring, making a dihedral angle of 3.76 (9)°. The phenol ring serves as a intra-molecular hydrogen-bond donor to the adjacent carbonyl group and also acts as an inter-molecular hydrogen-bond acceptor for the methyl groups of adjacent mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional network in the crystal.
The title compound (trivial name α-mangostin), C(24)H(26)O(6), isolated from Cratoxylum glaucum, is characterized by a xanthone skeleton of three fused six-membered rings and two 3-methyl-but-2-enyl side chains. The three rings in the structure are nearly coplanar, with an r.m.s. deviation for the tricyclic ring system of 0.0014 Å. The two 3-methyl-but-2-enyl side chains are in (+)-synclinal and (-)-anti-clinal conformations. Intra-molecular O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O inter-actions occur. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H⋯O, C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions.
The genus Platyscelio Kieffer (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae, Scelioninae) is a widespread group in the Old World, found from West Africa to northern Queensland, Australia. The species concepts are revised and a key to world species is presented. The genus is comprised of 6 species, including 2 known species which are redescribed: Platyscelioafricanus Risbec (Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Yemen, Zimbabwe); and Platysceliopulchricornis Kieffer (Australia, Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Solomon Islands, Taiwan, Thailand, Vanuatu, Vietnam). Five species-group names are considered to be junior synonyms of Platysceliopulchricornis: Platyscelioabnormis Crawford syn. n., Platysceliodunensis Mukerjee syn. n., Platysceliomirabilis Dodd syn. n., Platysceliopunctatus Kieffer syn. n., and Platysceliowilcoxi Fullaway. The following species are hypothesized and described as new taxa: Platyscelioarcuatus Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (Western Australia); Platysceliomysterium Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (Zimbabwe, Botswana, South Africa); Platysceliomzantsi Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (South Africa); and Platysceliostriga Taekul & Johnson, sp. n. (Western Australia).
MeSH terms: Animals; Ghana; Guinea-Bissau; Hymenoptera; Indonesia; Cote d'Ivoire; Japan; Malaysia; Nigeria; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Taiwan; Togo; Guinea
Three myrmecophilous genera of Aleocharinae (Staphylinidae) associated with Leptogenys distinguenda (Emery, 1887) and Leptogenys mutabilis (Smith, 1861) are reviewed with descriptions of new taxa: Maschwitzia Kistner, 1989, Togpelenys Kistner, 1989 and Witteia Maruyama & von Beeren, gen. n. (type species: Witteia dentilabrumMaruyama & von Beeren, sp. n.). The following new combinations are proposed: Zyras (s. lat.) aenictophila (Kistner, 1997),comb. n. (exMaschwitzia), Zyras (s. lat.) dichthadiaphila (Kistner in Kistner et al., 2003), comb. n. (exMaschwitzia), Maschwitzia derougemonti (Pace, 1984), comb. n. (exWroughtonilla Wasmann, 1899), Maschwitzia watanabei (Maruyama, 2004), comb. n. (exWroughtonilla), Maschwitzia dilatata (Pace, 2005), comb. n. (exWroughtonilla), Witteia borneensis (Pace, 1986), comb. n. (ex Wroughtonilla). These genera belong to the Wroughtonilla genus group of the tribe Lomechusini.
Two new genera and two new species of Aleocharinae (Staphylinidae) from Malaysia are described: Parawroughtonilla Maruyama, gen. n. (type species: Parawroughtonilla hirsutaMaruyama, sp. n.), Leptogenonia Maruyama, gen. n. (type species: Leptogenonia roslii Maruyama, sp. n.), which are associated with Leptogenys borneensis Wheeler, 1919. They are closely related and share a unique character state of the aedeagus.
Computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy is able to give real time images to a physician undertaking minimally invasive procedures such as biopsies, percutaneous drainage, and radio frequency ablation (RFA). Both operators executing the procedure and patients too, are thus at risk of radiation exposure during a CT fluoroscopy.This study focuses on the radiation exposure present during a series of radio frequency ablation (RFA) procedures, and used Gafchromic film (Type XR-QA; International Specialty Products, USA) and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100H; Bicron, USA) to measure the radiation received by patients undergoing treatment, and also operators subject to scatter radiation.The voltage was held constant at 120 kVp and the current 70mA, with 5mm thickness. The duration of irradiation was between 150-638 seconds.Ultimately, from a sample of 30 liver that have undergone RFA, the study revealed that the operator received the highest dose at the hands, which was followed by the eyes and thyroid, while secondary staff dosage was moderately uniform across all parts of the body that were measured.
Leigh syndrome is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of childhood. The symmetrical necrotic lesions in the basal ganglia and/or brainstem which appear as hyperintense lesions on T2-weighted MRI is characteristic and one of the essential diagnostic criteria. Recognising this MR imaging pattern in a child with neurological problems should prompt the clinician to investigate for Leigh syndrome. We present here two cases of Leigh syndrome due to different biochemical/genetic defects, and discuss the subtle differences in their MR neuroimaging features.
This is a retrospective study to evaluate the results of our early experience of using doxorubicin eluting beads (DEB) to treat patients with early and intermediate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
The detection of Legionella pneumophila in environmental and clinical samples is frequently performed by PCR amplification of the mip and/or 16S rRNA genes. Combined with DNA sequencing, these two genetic loci can be used to distinguish different species of Legionella and identify L. pneumophila. However, the recent Legionella genome sequences have opened up hundreds of possibilities for the development of new molecular targets for detection and diagnosis. Ongoing comparative genomics has the potential to fine tune the identification of Legionella species and serogroups by combining specific and general genetic targets. For example, the coincident detection of LPS biosynthesis genes and virulence genes may allow the differentiation of both pathogen and serogroup without the need for nucleotide sequencing. We tested this idea using data derived from a previous genomic subtractive hybridization we performed between L. pneumophila serogroup 1 and L. micdadei. Although not yet formally tested, these targets serve as an example of how comparative genomics has the potential to improve the scope and accuracy of Legionella molecular detection if embraced by laboratories undertaking Legionella surveillance.
Despite intensive efforts to eradicate the disease, tuberculosis continues to be a major threat to Indian society, with an estimated prevalence of 3.45 million cases in 2006. Emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis has complicated eradication attempts in recent years. Incomplete and/inadequate treatment are the main causes for development of drug resistance. Directly observed therapy, short-course (DOTS) is the World Health Organization (WHO) strategy for worldwide eradication of tuberculosis, and our country achieved 100% coverage for DOTS through the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program in 2006. For patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, the WHO recommends a DOTS-Plus treatment strategy. Early detection and prompt treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis is crucial to avoid spread of the disease and also because of the chances of development of potentially incurable extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in these cases. This review discusses the epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, and also outlines the role of primary care doctors in the management of this dangerous disease.