Browse publications by year: 2011

  1. Hasiah AH, Ghazali AR, Weber JF, Velu S, Thomas NF, Inayat Hussain SH
    Hum Exp Toxicol, 2011 Feb;30(2):138-44.
    PMID: 20385705 DOI: 10.1177/0960327110368739
    Stilbenes possess a variety of biological activities including chemopreventive activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the structural activity relationships of six methoxylated stilbene analogues with respect to their cytotoxic effects and antioxidant activities on HepG2 hepatoma and Chang liver cells. The cytotoxic and total antioxidant activities of six stilbene analogues were determined by MTT and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assays, respectively. We found that the cis-methoxylated stilbene: (Z)-3,4,4'-trimethoxystilbene was the most potent and selective antiproliferative agent (IC₅₀ 89 µM) in HepG2 cells. For the total antioxidant activity, compounds possessing hydroxyl groups at the 4' position namely (E)-3-methoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene, (E)-3,5-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene (pterostilbene), (E)-4-methoxy-4'-hydroxystilbene showed the highest antioxidant activity. Structure activity relationship studies of these compounds demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect and antioxidant activities of the tested compounds in this study were structurally dependent.
    MeSH terms: Antioxidants/pharmacology*; Antioxidants/chemistry; Cell Survival/drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Liver/drug effects*; Liver/metabolism; Liver/pathology; Stilbenes/pharmacology*; Stilbenes/chemistry; Structure-Activity Relationship; Molecular Structure; Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology*; Anticarcinogenic Agents/chemistry; Cell Culture Techniques; Hep G2 Cells
  2. Hassan A, Ibrahim F
    J Digit Imaging, 2011 Apr;24(2):308-13.
    PMID: 20386951 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-010-9283-8
    This paper presents the development of kidney TeleUltrasound consultation system. The TeleUltrasound system provides an innovative design that aids the acquisition, archiving, and dissemination of medical data and information over the internet as its backbone. The system provides data sharing to allow remote collaboration, viewing, consultation, and diagnosis of medical data. The design is layered upon a standard known as Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM). The DICOM standard defines protocols for exchanging medical images and their associated data. The TeleUltrasound system is an integrated solution for retrieving, processing, and archiving images and providing data storage management using Structured Query Language (SQL) database. Creating a web-based interface is an additional advantage to achieve global accessibility of experts that will widely open the opportunity of greater examination and multiple consultations. This system is equipped with a high level of data security and its performance has been tested with white, black, and gray box techniques. And the result was satisfactory. The overall system has been evaluated by several radiologists in Malaysia, United Arab Emirates, and Sudan, the result is shown within this paper.
    MeSH terms: Automatic Data Processing/methods*; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods; Kidney/ultrasonography*; Referral and Consultation*; Software Design*; Databases, Factual; Information Storage and Retrieval/methods*; Teleradiology/methods*
  3. Chai WL, Moharamzadeh K, Brook IM, Van Noort R
    Biotech Histochem, 2011 Aug;86(4):242-54.
    PMID: 20392135 DOI: 10.3109/10520291003707916
    The success of dental implant treatment depends on the healing of both hard and soft tissues. While osseointegration provides initial success, the biological seal of the peri-implant soft tissue is crucial for maintaining the long term success of implants. Most studies of the biological seal of peri-implant tissues are based on animal or monolayer cell culture models. To understand the mechanisms of soft tissue attachment and the factors affecting the integrity of the soft tissue around the implants, it is essential to obtain good quality histological sections for microscopic examination. The nature of the specimens, however, which consist of both metal implant and soft peri-implant tissues, poses difficulties in preparing the specimens for histomorphometric analysis of the implant-soft tissue interface. We review various methods that have been used for the implant-tissue interface investigation with particular focus on the soft tissue. The different methods are classified and the advantages and limitations of the different techniques are highlighted.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Humans; Immunohistochemistry/methods*; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods*; Surface Properties; Titanium; Wound Healing; Dental Implants/adverse effects*; Soft Tissue Injuries/etiology; Soft Tissue Injuries/pathology*; Microscopy, Confocal/methods*
  4. Saini R, Tang TH, Zain RB, Cheong SC, Musa KI, Saini D, et al.
    J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 2011 Feb;137(2):311-20.
    PMID: 20419384 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-010-0886-8
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of HPV and p53 polymorphisms in oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) affecting Malaysian population.

    METHODS: We analysed frozen samples from 105 OSCC as well as 105 oral specimens derived from healthy individuals. PCR assays targeting two regions of the virus were used. PCR amplification for the analysis of p53 codon 72 arginine/proline alleles was carried out in a separate reaction.

    RESULTS: HPV DNA was detected in 51.4% OSCC samples, while 24.8% controls were found to be HPV positive. HPV was found to be significantly associated with OSCC (P 

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Arginine; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/ethnology; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/virology*; DNA, Viral/isolation & purification; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms/ethnology; Mouth Neoplasms/genetics; Mouth Neoplasms/virology*; Proline; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tumor Virus Infections/complications*; Tumor Virus Infections/ethnology; Tumor Virus Infections/virology; Logistic Models; Odds Ratio; Case-Control Studies; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics*; Risk Assessment; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide*; Papillomavirus Infections/complications*; Papillomavirus Infections/ethnology; Papillomavirus Infections/virology; Alphapapillomavirus/genetics; Alphapapillomavirus/isolation & purification*
  5. Abdullah GZ, Abdulkarim MF, Chitneni M, Mutee AF, Ameer OZ, Salman IM, et al.
    Pharm Dev Technol, 2011 Aug;16(4):331-42.
    PMID: 20429815 DOI: 10.3109/10837451003739255
    Mebeverine HCl is a water soluble drug commonly used to treat irritable bowel syndrome by acting directly on the smooth muscles of the colon. This work was aimed at the formulation and in vitro evaluation of a colon-targeted drug delivery system containing mebeverine HCl. Matrix tablets were prepared using ethyl cellulose (EC), Eudragit RL 100 either solely or in combination by wet granulation technique. Dissolution was carried out in 0.1 N HCl for 2?h followed by pH 6.8 phosphate buffer for eight hours. Uncoated forms released more than 5% drug in 0.1 N HCl therefore, Eudragit L100 was used as a coat. The results indicated very slow release profile. As a result, single retardant was used to prepare the matrix and coated by Eudragit L 100. The matrix containing 7% Eudragit RL 100 and 6% of binder was subjected to further studies to assess the effect of different coats (Eudragit L 100-55 and cellulose acetate phthalate) and different binders (pectin and sodium alginate) on the release profile. Eudragit L 100 and pectin were the best coating agent and binder, respectively. The final formula was stable and it can be concluded that the prepared system has the potential to deliver mebeverine HCl in vivo to the colon.
    MeSH terms: Alginates/chemistry; Cellulose/analogs & derivatives; Cellulose/chemistry; Colon/metabolism; Excipients/chemistry*; Hexuronic Acids/chemistry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Parasympatholytics/administration & dosage*; Pectins/chemistry; Phenethylamines/administration & dosage*; Phenethylamines/pharmacokinetics; Polymethacrylic Acids/chemistry; Solubility; Tablets, Enteric-Coated/pharmacokinetics; Tablets, Enteric-Coated/chemistry*; Drug Delivery Systems/methods*; Glucuronic Acid/chemistry
  6. Wong LP
    J Community Health, 2011 Feb;36(1):14-22.
    PMID: 20431926 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-010-9275-0
    The study was conducted to investigate issues surrounding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine delivery in a multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural society. A qualitative in-depth interview study was conducted with a sample of 20 physicians. Physicians described the success of HPV vaccines recommendation as very poor. Many expressed reluctance to offer the vaccine to preadolescents. The most notable barrier to vaccination was the vaccine's high cost. Parents of eligible vaccinees were concerned about the efficacy and side effects of the new vaccine, while adult women have low risk perception for HPV infection. Promoters and inhibitors of HPV vaccination in our multi-ethnic, multi-religious and multi-cultural community were identified. This study suggests the need to strengthen the infrastructure necessary for HPV vaccine delivery and to specifically target poor underserved women.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Asia; Attitude of Health Personnel/ethnology*; Ethnic Groups*; Female; Health Services Accessibility; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Male; Middle Aged; Physician-Patient Relations*; Practice Patterns, Physicians'*; Religion and Medicine; Cultural Diversity; Papillomavirus Infections/ethnology*; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control; Qualitative Research; Papillomavirus Vaccines/administration & dosage*; Papillomavirus Vaccines/economics
  7. Yap CK, Chong CM, Tan SG
    Environ Monit Assess, 2011 Mar;174(1-4):389-400.
    PMID: 20437264 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-010-1464-x
    It has been widely reported that allozyme frequency variation is a potential indicator of heavy metal-induced impacts in aquatic populations. In the present study, wild populations of horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda) were collected from contaminated and uncontaminated sites of Peninsular Malaysia. By adopting horizontal starch gel electrophoresis, seven enzyme systems were used to study allozyme polymorphisms. Nine polymorphic loci were observed in C. rotundicauda. The relationships of allozyme variations with the concentrations of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn in sediments and in muscle tissues of horseshoe crabs were determined. Based on genetic distance, the lower mean value of Nei's D (0.017) indicated that both of the contaminated populations of Kg. Pasir Puteh and Kuala Juru were very closely related when compared to the relatively uncontaminated Pantai Lido population. Higher heterozygosities were shown by the contaminated populations when compared to the uncontaminated population. Different allelic frequencies could be observed for the aldolase (ALD; E.C. 2.7.5.1) locus between the contaminated and uncontaminated populations of C. rotundicauda. The dendrogram of genetic relationships of the three populations of C. rotundicauda showed the same clustering pattern as the dendrograms are based on heavy metals in the sediments and in the horseshoe crabs' abdominal muscles. From the F statistics, the present study showed that the three populations of horseshoe crabs were considered to have undergone moderate genetic differentiation with a mean F (ST) value of 0.092 .The current results suggest that allozyme polymorphism in horseshoe crabs is a potential biomonitoring tool for metal contamination, although further validation is required.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Electrophoresis, Starch Gel; Horseshoe Crabs/enzymology; Horseshoe Crabs/genetics*; Isoenzymes/genetics*; Malaysia; Polymorphism, Genetic*; Water Pollution*
  8. Wong LP, Khoo EM
    Int J Behav Med, 2011 Sep;18(3):246-53.
    PMID: 20440593 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-010-9091-z
    Menstruation has important implications on the physical and emotional well-being of adolescents' reproductive health.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Attitude*; Body Image; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dysmenorrhea/psychology*; Female; Humans; Malaysia; Menstruation/psychology*; Premenstrual Syndrome/psychology*; Self Concept*; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/psychology*
  9. John J, Yatim FM, Mani SA
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2011 Sep;23(5):742-53.
    PMID: 20460281 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509357341
    This study investigates patients' expectations and perceptions of service quality in public dental health care and measures their "satisfaction gap." This descriptive study involved 481 dental outpatients in Kelantan, Malaysia. A modified SERVQUAL 20-item instrument was used to assess patients' expectations before and perceptions after receiving dental treatment. The "satisfaction gap" was then measured.
    RESULTS: showed that patients visiting for management of dental pain were more satisfied (P = .007) than those visiting with appointment. The most significant service quality dimensions were related to responsiveness, assurance, and empathy of the dental health care providers. There was a significant difference between the patients' expectations and their perceptions of service provided (P < .01) with regard to all dimensions. In conclusion, dental service providers should give emphasis to the compassionate and emotional aspects of care and to remember that they are integral components of quality service.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Ambulatory Care; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Care/standards*; Dental Facilities; Dentist-Patient Relations; Female; Health Services Research; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Public Health Dentistry/standards*; Quality of Health Care*; Patient Satisfaction/statistics & numerical data*; Young Adult
  10. Sabanayagam C, Shankar A, Lim SC, Tai ES, Wong TY
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2011 Nov;23(6):936-45.
    PMID: 20460283 DOI: 10.1177/1010539510361637
    Studies conducted in Western populations demonstrate that blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The authors examined the cross-sectional association between BP and CKD in 3280 adults of Malay ethnicity aged 40 to 80 years living in Singapore. CKD was defined as (1) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and (2) presence of microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria. They observed a dose-dependent positive association between BP and CKD (P trend < .0001). In multivariable-adjusted analysis, compared with participants with normal BP, the odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m(2) was 1.85 (0.95-3.62), 2.95 (1.55-5.64), and 4.96 (2.63-9.37) for prehypertension, and stage 1 and stage 2 hypertension, respectively. Similar results were obtained for microalbuminuria/macroalbuminuria. Stage 2 hypertension had the greatest population-attributable risk of CKD (23%). The strong positive association of hypertension with CKD emphasizes the need to control BP in Asian populations to reduce the burden of kidney disease.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Hypertension/drug therapy; Hypertension/epidemiology*; Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology*; Malaysia/ethnology; Male; Middle Aged; Singapore; Singapore/epidemiology; Confidence Intervals
  11. Tan AK, Dunn RA, Samad MI, Feisul MI
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2011 Apr;23(2):192-202.
    PMID: 20460299 DOI: 10.1177/1010539509359535
    The purpose of this study was to examine the sociodemographic and health-lifestyle factors that affect the likelihood of obesity among Malaysians. Data were obtained from the Malaysian Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1. The cross-sectional population-based survey consisted of 2447 observations, with an obesity prevalence rate of 17.2%. Based on logit regression analysis, the results suggest that obesity risks in Malaysia are affected by gender, education level, family history, health conditions, smoking status, and ethnic backgrounds. Specifically, Malaysians more likely to be obese are females (5.3%), lower educated (0.9%), those with history of family illnesses (4.8%), and nonsmokers (6.4%). However, Chinese (9.3%) and other (5.5%) ethnic groups are less likely to be obese when compared with Malays. Based on these results, several policy implications are discussed vis-à-vis obesity risks in Malaysia.
    Study name: Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1 (MyNCDS-1) survey
    MeSH terms: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Ethnic Groups/statistics & numerical data; Family Health; Female; Health Policy; Humans; Life Style*; Malaysia; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity/ethnology; Obesity/epidemiology*; Population Surveillance*; Risk Factors; Smoking/epidemiology; Sex Distribution
  12. Hartono JL, Qua CS, Goh KL
    Dig Dis Sci, 2011 Jan;56(1):90-6.
    PMID: 20467897 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-010-1275-5
    AIMS: To compare the esophageal sensitivity to acid and saline in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic erosive reflux disease (ERD), non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and controls, and to assess the response to proton-pump inhibitors in patients with symptomatic ERD and NERD.

    METHODOLOGY: Patients with GERD and a control group of healthy asymptomatic volunteers were recruited. All subjects underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy and the acid-saline perfusion test. Symptomatic ERD and NERD patients were given rabeprazole 20 mg twice daily for 2 weeks and their response to treatment assessed.

    RESULTS: A total of 105 subjects were recruited: ERD=37 (symptomatic=24, asymptomatic=13), NERD=34 and controls=34. During saline perfusion, only the NERD group recorded a significantly higher sensitivity score compared to controls (2.74±7.28 vs. 0) (p=0.035). During acid perfusion, symptomatic ERD (15.42±13.42) and NERD (16.71±15.04) had significantly higher scores versus controls and asymptomatic ERD patients (both p<0.001). The mean %∆ reflux symptom score following treatment was significantly higher in symptomatic ERD patients compared to NERD patients (89.08±21.67 vs. 58.53±32.54; p<0.001).

    CONCLUSIONS: Patients with NERD were a generally hypersensitive group while asymptomatic ERD patients represent a hyposensitive group of patients which merits further study.

    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux/drug therapy; Gastroesophageal Reflux/pathology*; Gastroesophageal Reflux/physiopathology*; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid/adverse effects; Hypersensitivity/etiology; Hypersensitivity/pathology; Male; Middle Aged; Sodium Chloride/adverse effects; Case-Control Studies; Treatment Outcome; Disease Progression*; 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles/therapeutic use; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use; Rabeprazole
  13. Mohamed N, Mohd Yusoff MF, Isah N, Othman I, Syed Rahim SA, Paiman N
    Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot, 2011 Mar;18(1):3-10.
    PMID: 20496187 DOI: 10.1080/17457300.2010.487153
    A cross-sectional survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted among 793 rear passengers in Malaysia. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the association of rear seatbelt wearing with 12 independent variables. Seven factors were significantly associated with rear seatbelt wearing. Experience of being stopped by an enforcement officer for not wearing rear seatbelt yielded the highest odds ratio 2.3 (p = 0.002) followed by self-consciousness (odds ratio 1.7; p = 0.004), attitude (odds ratio 1.5, p = 0.001), and knowledge (odds ratio 1.4, p = 0.004). Age of participants and their perception of being caught by an enforcement officer were also significantly associated with rear seatbelt wearing, odds ratios were 1.03 (p = 0.004) and 1.1 (p = 0.004), respectively. In contrast, level of education was negatively associated with rear seatbelt wearing (odds ratio 0.59, p = 0.003). It was concluded that enforcement activities, knowledge and attitude on seatbelt wearing play a very important role in improving the rate of rear seatbelt wearing. Thus, efforts to increase these factors should be the special focus in designing education and social marketing activities to advocate rear seatbelt wearing.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Female; Health Education; Health Promotion*; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Malaysia; Male; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk-Taking*; Safety*; Seat Belts/utilization; Seat Belts/statistics & numerical data*; Self-Assessment; Self Concept; Statistics as Topic; Health Behavior*; Odds Ratio; Social Marketing*
  14. Wong SW, Kyaw L, Ong LC, Zulfiqar AM
    J Paediatr Child Health, 2011 Apr;47(4):237-9.
    PMID: 20500432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1754.2010.01739.x
    Sturge-Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome characterised by facial port wine stain, ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma and vascular eye abnormalities. We report a rare case of Sturge-Weber syndrome without facial nevus presenting with neonatal seizures.
    MeSH terms: Brain/radiography; China/ethnology; Female; Humans; Infant; Nevus*; Seizures/etiology*; Skin Neoplasms*; Sturge-Weber Syndrome/pathology*; Neurodegenerative Diseases/physiopathology
  15. Kunhibava S
    J Gambl Stud, 2011 Mar;27(1):1-13.
    PMID: 20514512 DOI: 10.1007/s10899-010-9201-5
    Gambling and speculation which leads to zero-sum outcomes are prohibited in Islamic finance and condemned in conventional finance. This article explores the reasons for the similarity of objections towards gambling and speculation. Three probable reasons are explored namely the concept of stewardship in conventional thought and the concept of khalifa in Islam, Christianity and morality's influence on conventional law and finance and the concept of ethics of sacrifice and ethics of tolerance.
    MeSH terms: Christianity; Cultural Characteristics; Financial Management/ethics*; Gambling/economics*; Gambling/ethnology*; Humans; Islam*; Life Style; Religion and Psychology*; Religious Philosophies*
  16. Saleh MD, Eswaran C, Mueen A
    J Digit Imaging, 2011 Aug;24(4):564-72.
    PMID: 20524139 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-010-9302-9
    This paper focuses on the detection of retinal blood vessels which play a vital role in reducing the proliferative diabetic retinopathy and for preventing the loss of visual capability. The proposed algorithm which takes advantage of the powerful preprocessing techniques such as the contrast enhancement and thresholding offers an automated segmentation procedure for retinal blood vessels. To evaluate the performance of the new algorithm, experiments are conducted on 40 images collected from DRIVE database. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the other known algorithms in terms of accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm being simple and easy to implement, is best suited for fast processing applications.
    MeSH terms: Algorithms*; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnosis*; Humans; Image Enhancement/methods*; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted/methods; Pattern Recognition, Automated/methods*; Photography; Retinal Vessels/anatomy & histology*; Reproducibility of Results; Databases, Factual
  17. Wong LP
    Int J Behav Med, 2011 Jun;18(2):105-11.
    PMID: 20524163 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-010-9104-y
    BACKGROUND: The incidence of cervical cancer in developing countries is high and even higher among women in rural areas in these countries.
    PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to assess the knowledge and attitudes towards human papillomavirus (HPV), HPV vaccination, and cervical cancer among young women in rural settings in a Southeast Asia country.
    METHODS: A convenience sample of ethnically diverse young rural women in Malaysia was surveyed. Participants were interviewed using a standard questionnaire.
    RESULTS: Among the participants (N = 449), knowledge of HPV, HPV vaccination, cervical screening, and cervical cancer risk factors was extremely poor. The mean total knowledge score (14 items) was 2.37 (SD ± 1.97). Although many had never heard of the newly released HPV vaccine, two-thirds professed an intention to receive the HPV vaccine. Intention to receive the vaccine was significantly associated with knowledge of cervical screening and cervical cancer risk factors (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.03-1.33; P = 0.013). Reasons for vaccine refusal were doubts about safety and efficacy of the new vaccine (27.4%), perceived embarrassment at receiving an STI vaccine (20.7%), and perception of not being at risk of HPV infection (20.0%).
    CONCLUSIONS: Providing HPV education to the rural residents is a high priority.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/prevention & control*; Developing Countries; Female; Humans; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*; Malaysia; Surveys and Questionnaires; Risk Factors; Rural Population; Vaginal Smears; Women; Papillomaviridae/immunology*; Papillomavirus Infections/prevention & control*; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Papillomavirus Vaccines/immunology*; Vaccination Refusal
  18. Letchumanan P, Thumboo J
    Semin Arthritis Rheum, 2011 Feb;40(4):298-306.
    PMID: 20541792 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2010.03.005
    OBJECTIVES: To review and summarize published information on the use, effectiveness, and adverse effects of danazol in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).
    METHODS: A MEDLINE search from January 1950 to July 2009 was conducted using 2 search strategies retrieving 51 and 62 references, respectively. We also searched 2 standard reference textbooks and bibliographies of the 38 articles selected.
    RESULTS: Of the 38 articles selected, there were 19 case series/reports with a total of 153 patients, including 2 prospective trials of 7 and 16 patients, respectively, and 1 randomized controlled trial of 40 patients. Danazol has been used successfully in the treatment of hematologic manifestations of SLE such as thrombocytopenia, Evan's syndrome, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and a case of red cell aplasia. Thirteen patients responded to danazol after failing splenectomy. There is limited information on the use of danazol in nonhematologic manifestations of SLE. Adverse effects were generally tolerable but high doses may produce undesirable side effects for female patients.
    CONCLUSIONS: Danazol is a useful drug in the treatment of SLE patients, especially in patients with refractory thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and premenstrual flares, and in some mild nonhematologic manifestations of SLE. It appears to be relatively well tolerated, safe, and efficacious.
    MeSH terms: Danazol/therapeutic use*; Estrogen Antagonists/therapeutic use*; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy*; Treatment Outcome
  19. Chan KG, Puthucheary SD, Chan XY, Yin WF, Wong CS, Too WS, et al.
    Curr Microbiol, 2011 Jan;62(1):167-72.
    PMID: 20544198 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-010-9689-z
    Bacterial quorum sensing signal molecules called N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) controls the expression of virulence determinants in many Gram-negative bacteria. We determined AHL production in 22 Aeromonas strains isolated from various infected sites from patients (bile, blood, peritoneal fluid, pus, stool and urine). All isolates produced the two principal AHLs, N-butanoylhomoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and N-hexanoyl homoserine lactone (C6-HSL). Ten isolates also produced additional AHLs. This report is the first documentation of Aeromonas sobria producing C6-HSL and two additional AHLs with N-acyl side chain longer than C(6). Our data provides a better understanding of the mechanism(s) of this environmental bacterium emerging as a human pathogen.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aeromonas/genetics; Aeromonas/isolation & purification*; Aeromonas/metabolism; Aeromonas/physiology*; Aged, 80 and over; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial/genetics; DNA, Bacterial/chemistry; DNA, Ribosomal/genetics; DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry; Female; Humans; Infant; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics; Cluster Analysis; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/microbiology*; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Quorum Sensing*; Acyl-Butyrolactones/metabolism*; Young Adult
  20. Low CF, Mohd Tohit ER, Chong PP, Idris F
    Arch Gynecol Obstet, 2011 Jun;283(6):1255-60.
    PMID: 20552210 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-010-1548-4
    Diabetes and pregnancy can be associated in two ways: pregnancy that occurs in women who are already diabetic (diabetes of pre-gestational origin); and diabetes that occur in women who are already pregnant [gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (O'sullivan 1961)]. Patients with previous GDM history have higher risk of developing diabetes outside of pregnancy. Accumulating literature had suggested that adiponectin plays a role in the pathophysiology of this metabolic syndrome, and several of the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in adiponectin gene have been identified in type 2 diabetes. Thus, one of the commonly found SNP was studied to determine its association with GDM.
    MeSH terms: Alleles*; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics; Female; Gene Frequency/genetics; Genotype*; Glucose Tolerance Test; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated/analysis; Hemoglobinometry; Heterozygote Detection; Humans; Malaysia; Pregnancy; Body Mass Index; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Diabetes, Gestational/blood; Diabetes, Gestational/genetics*; Fructosamine/blood; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics*; Adiponectin/blood; Adiponectin/genetics*
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