Browse publications by year: 2014

  1. Momtaz YA, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R
    Clin Interv Aging, 2014;9:813-9.
    PMID: 24872683 DOI: 10.2147/CIA.S61636
    There are several negative stereotypes about older adults that have negatively influenced people's attitude about aging. The present study compared emotional well-being between older adults and adolescents.
    MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological*; Adolescent; Psychology, Adolescent; Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emotions*; Female; Humans; Malaysia/epidemiology; Male; Middle Aged/psychology; Psychological Tests; Surveys and Questionnaires
  2. Ishaka A, Umar Imam M, Mahamud R, Zuki AB, Maznah I
    Int J Nanomedicine, 2014;9:2261-9.
    PMID: 24872689 DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S56999
    Policosanol, a mixture of long-chain alcohols found in animal and plant waxes, has several biological effects; however, it has a bioavailability of less than 10%. Therefore, there is a need to improve its bioavailability, and one of the ways of doing this is by nanoemulsion formulation. Different droplet size distributions are usually achieved when emulsions are formed, which solely depends on the preparation method used. Mostly, emulsions are intended for better delivery with maintenance of the characteristics and properties of the leading components. In this study, policosanol was extracted from rice bran wax, its composition was determined by gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry, nanoemulsion was made, and the physical stability characteristics were determined. The results showed that policosanol nanoemulsion has a nanosize particle distribution below 100 nm (92.56-94.52 nm), with optimum charge distribution (-55.8 to -45.12 mV), pH (6.79-6.92) and refractive index (1.50); these were monitored and found to be stable for 8 weeks. The stability of policosanol nanoemulsion confers the potential to withstand long storage times.
    MeSH terms: Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Emulsions/chemical synthesis*; Fatty Alcohols/chemistry*; Materials Testing; Particle Size; Plant Extracts/isolation & purification; Plant Extracts/chemistry*; Plant Oils/chemistry*; Waxes/chemistry*; Nanoparticles/ultrastructure*; Nanoparticles/chemistry*
  3. Fakir MS, Supangat A, Sulaiman K
    Nanoscale Res Lett, 2014;9(1):225.
    PMID: 24872806 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276X-9-225
    In this study, the spin coating of template-assisted method is used to synthesize poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctylfluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PFO-DBT) nanorod bundles. The morphological, structural, and optical properties of PFO-DBT nanorod bundles are enhanced by varying the spin coating rate (100, 500, and 1,000 rpm) of the common spin coater. The denser morphological distributions of PFO-DBT nanorod bundles are favorably yielded at the low spin coating rate of 100 rpm, while at high spin coating rate, it is shown otherwise. The auspicious morphologies of highly dense PFO-DBT nanorod bundles are supported by the augmented absorption and photoluminescence.
  4. Ng FL, Phang SM, Periasamy V, Yunus K, Fisher AC
    PLoS One, 2014;9(5):e97643.
    PMID: 24874081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097643
    In photosynthesis, a very small amount of the solar energy absorbed is transformed into chemical energy, while the rest is wasted as heat and fluorescence. This excess energy can be harvested through biophotovoltaic platforms to generate electrical energy. In this study, algal biofilms formed on ITO anodes were investigated for use in the algal biophotovoltaic platforms. Sixteen algal strains, comprising local isolates and two diatoms obtained from the Culture Collection of Marine Phytoplankton (CCMP), USA, were screened and eight were selected based on the growth rate, biochemical composition and photosynthesis performance using suspension cultures. Differences in biofilm formation between the eight algal strains as well as their rapid light curve (RLC) generated using a pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) fluorometer, were examined. The RLC provides detailed information on the saturation characteristics of electron transport and overall photosynthetic performance of the algae. Four algal strains, belonging to the Cyanophyta (Cyanobacteria) Synechococcus elongatus (UMACC 105), Spirulina platensis. (UMACC 159) and the Chlorophyta Chlorella vulgaris (UMACC 051), and Chlorella sp. (UMACC 313) were finally selected for investigation using biophotovoltaic platforms. Based on power output per Chl-a content, the algae can be ranked as follows: Synechococcus elongatus (UMACC 105) (6.38×10(-5) Wm(-2)/µgChl-a)>Chlorella vulgaris UMACC 051 (2.24×10(-5) Wm(-2)/µgChl-a)>Chlorella sp.(UMACC 313) (1.43×10(-5) Wm(-2)/µgChl-a)>Spirulina platensis (UMACC 159) (4.90×10(-6) Wm(-2)/µgChl-a). Our study showed that local algal strains have potential for use in biophotovoltaic platforms due to their high photosynthetic performance, ability to produce biofilm and generation of electrical power.
    MeSH terms: Cyanobacteria/physiology*; Cyanobacteria/chemistry; Photosynthesis*; Phytoplankton/physiology*; Phytoplankton/chemistry; Tin Compounds*; Biofilms*; Microalgae/physiology; Microalgae/chemistry
  5. Wong CC, Periasamy N, Sagineedu SR, Sidik S, Sumon SH, Loadman P, et al.
    Invest New Drugs, 2014 Oct;32(5):806-14.
    PMID: 24875131 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-014-0105-6
    Limited tumor penetrability of anti-cancer drugs is recognized as one of the major factors that lead to poor anti-tumor activity. SRJ09 (3,19-(2-bromobenzylidene) andrographolide) has been identified as a lead anti-cancer agent for colon cancer. Recently, this compound was shown by us to be a mutant K-Ras binder. In this present study, the penetrability of SRJ09 through the DLD-1 colon cancer multicell layer (MCL) was evaluated. The amount of SRJ09 that penetrated through the MCL was quantitated by utilizing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Histopathological staining was used to visualize the morphology of MCL. A chemosensitivity assay was performed to assess the anti-cancer activity of SRJ09 in DLD-1 cells. SRJ09 was able to penetrate through DLD-1 MCL and is inversely proportional with the MCL thickness. The flow rates for SRJ09 through MCL were 0.90 ± 0.20 μM/min/cm(2) and 0.56 ± 0.06 μM/min/cm(2) for days 1 and 5, respectively, which are better than doxorubicin. Histopathological examination revealed that the integrity of the DLD-1 MCL was retained and no visible damage was inflicted on the cell membrane, confirming the penetration of SRJ09 was by diffusion. Short term exposure (1 h) in DLD-1 cells demonstrated SRJ09 had IC50 of 41 μM which was approximately 4-folds lower than andrographolide, the parent compound of SRJ09. In conclusion, SRJ09 successfully penetrated through DLD-1 MCL by diffusion and emerged as a potential candidate to be developed as a clinically viable anti-colon cancer drug.
    MeSH terms: Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology*; Cell Survival/drug effects; Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism*; Diterpenes/pharmacology*; Humans; Cell Line, Tumor
  6. Fong KC, Ooi YL, Khang TF
    Eye (Lond), 2014 Sep;28(9):1148.
    PMID: 24875224 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2014.123
    MeSH terms: Animals; Coloring Agents/toxicity*; Female; Indocyanine Green/toxicity*; Retina/drug effects*; Rosaniline Dyes/toxicity*
  7. Lee LK, Foo KY
    Clin Biochem, 2014 Jul;47(10-11):973-82.
    PMID: 24875852 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.05.053
    Infertility is a worldwide reproductive health problem which affects approximately 15% of couples, with male factor infertility dominating nearly 50% of the affected population. The nature of the phenomenon is underscored by a complex array of transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolic differences which interact in unknown ways. Many causes of male factor infertility are still defined as idiopathic, and most diagnosis tends to be more descriptive rather than specific. As such, the emergence of novel transcriptomic and metabolomic studies may hold the key to more accurately diagnose and treat male factor infertility. This paper provides the most recent evidence underlying the role of transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis in the management of male infertility. A summary of the current knowledge and new discovery of noninvasive, highly sensitive and specific biomarkers which allow the expansion of this area is outlined.
    MeSH terms: Humans; Infertility, Male/metabolism*; Male; Biomarkers/metabolism; Metabolomics/methods; Metabolome*; Transcriptome*
  8. Katayama A, Kume T, Komatsu H, Ohashi M, Matsumoto K, Ichihashi R, et al.
    Tree Physiol, 2014 May;34(5):503-12.
    PMID: 24876294 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu041
    Difficult access to 40-m-tall emergent trees in tropical rainforests has resulted in a lack of data related to vertical variations in wood CO2 efflux, even though significant variations in wood CO2 efflux are an important source of errors when estimating whole-tree total wood CO2 efflux. This study aimed to clarify vertical variations in wood CO2 efflux for emergent trees and to document the impact of the variations on the whole-tree estimates of stem and branch CO2 efflux. First, we measured wood CO2 efflux and factors related to tree morphology and environment for seven live emergent trees of two dipterocarp species at four to seven heights of up to ∼ 40 m for each tree using ladders and a crane. No systematic tendencies in vertical variations were observed for all the trees. Wood CO2 efflux was not affected by stem and air temperature, stem diameter, stem height or stem growth. The ratios of wood CO2 efflux at the treetop to that at breast height were larger in emergent trees with relatively smaller diameters at breast height. Second, we compared whole-tree stem CO2 efflux estimates using vertical measurements with those based on solely breast height measurements. We found similar whole-tree stem CO2 efflux estimates regardless of the patterns of vertical variations in CO2 efflux because the surface area in the canopy, where wood CO2 efflux often differed from that at breast height, was very small compared with that at low stem heights, resulting in little effect of the vertical variations on the estimate. Additionally, whole-tree branch CO2 efflux estimates using measured wood CO2 efflux in the canopy were considerably different from those measured using only breast height measurements. Uncertainties in wood CO2 efflux in the canopy did not cause any bias in stem CO2 efflux scaling, but affected branch CO2 efflux.
    MeSH terms: Borneo; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism*; Malaysia; Trees/growth & development; Trees/physiology*; Plant Transpiration; Dipterocarpaceae/growth & development; Dipterocarpaceae/physiology*; Rainforest*
  9. Chua LS, Adnan NA
    Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment, 2014 Apr-Jun;13(2):169-79.
    PMID: 24876312
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of biochemical (enzymes) and nutritional components in the selected honey samples from Malaysia. The relationship is important to estimate the quality of honey based on the concentration of these nutritious components. Such a study is limited for honey samples from tropical countries with heavy rainfall throughout the year.
    MeSH terms: Amino Acids/analysis; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Disaccharides/analysis; Honey/analysis*; Monosaccharides/analysis; Nutritive Value*
  10. Narayanasamy JN, Nallusamy MA, Baharuddin ND
    J Surg Case Rep, 2014 Feb;2014(2).
    PMID: 24876368 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rju001
    Fetus-in-fetu (FIF) is a rare entity resulting from abnormal embryogenesis in diamniotic monochorionic twins, being first described by Johann Friedrich Meckel (1800s). This occurs when a vertebrate fetus is enclosed in a normally growing fetus. Clinical manifestations vary. Detection is most often in infancy, the oldest reported age being 47. We report the case of a 4-day-old girl who was referred postnatally following a prenatal fetal scan which had revealed the presence of a multi-loculated retroperitoneal mass lesion with calcifications within. A provisional radiological diagnosis of FIF was made. Elective laparotomy revealed a well encapsulated retroperitoneal mass containing among other structures a skull vault and rudimentary limb buds. Recovery was uneventful. Here we discuss the difference between FIF and teratomas, risks of non-operative therapy and the role of serology in surveillance and detection of malignant change.
  11. McNutt M
    Science, 2014 May 30;344(6187):947.
    PMID: 24876464 DOI: 10.1126/science.1255963
    MeSH terms: Accidents, Aviation*; Communications Media; Humans; Malaysia; Oceans and Seas
  12. Normile D
    Science, 2014 May 30;344(6187):963-5.
    PMID: 24876475 DOI: 10.1126/science.344.6187.963
    MeSH terms: Accidents, Aviation/prevention & control*; Aircraft*; Humans; Malaysia; Oceans and Seas
  13. Clery D
    Science, 2014 May 30;344(6187):964-5.
    PMID: 24876476 DOI: 10.1126/science.344.6187.964
    MeSH terms: Accidents, Aviation/prevention & control*; Aircraft*; Communication; Humans; Malaysia; Oceans and Seas; Radar/utilization
  14. Chong CY, Abu Bakar F, Rahman RA, Bakar J, Zaman MZ
    J Food Sci Technol, 2014 Jun;51(6):1118-25.
    PMID: 24876644 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0621-3
    Biogenic amines formation in Indian mackerel of tropical region was investigated during storage at ambient (25-29 °C) and ice temperature (0 °C) in relation with changes of amino acids content and amines forming bacteria. All amines increased significantly during storage at two temperatures except for spermidine and spermine. Histamine concentration of 363.5 ppm was detected after 16 h stored at ambient temperature. Aerobic plate count of fish stored at ambient temperature reached 6.98 log CFU g(-1) after 16 h, close to the upper limit (7 log CFU g(-1)) suggested by International Commission on the Microbiological Specifications for Foods (ICMSF). However, proper icing procedure retarded the formation of histamine effectively, resulting only 8.31 ppm after 16 days of ice storage. Aerobic plate count of 5.99 and 7.72 log CFU g(-1) were recorded for fish stored in ice after 16 days and ambient temperature after 20 h, respectively. Histamine exhibited high correlation with histidine (r(2) = -0.963, P  0.05). As storage time progressed, the amines forming bacteria grew significantly except for that stored in ice.
  15. Williams B, Sadasivan S, Kadirvelu A, Olaussen A
    Adv Med Educ Pract, 2014;5:149-56.
    PMID: 24876799 DOI: 10.2147/AMEP.S58094
    BACKGROUND: The literature indicates that medical practitioners experience declining empathy levels in clinical practice. This highlights the need to educate medical students about empathy as an attribute early in the academic curriculum. The objective of this study was to evaluate year one students' self-reported empathy levels following a 2-hour empathy workshop at a large medical school in Malaysia.
    METHODS: Changes in empathy scores were examined using a paired repeated-measures t-test in this prospective before and after study.
    RESULTS: Analyzing the matched data, there was a statistically significant difference and moderate effect size between mean empathy scores before and 5 weeks after the workshop (112.08±10.67 versus 117.93±13.13, P<0.0001, d=0.48) using the Jefferson Scale Physician Empathy (Student Version).
    CONCLUSION: The results of this observational study indicate improved mean self-reported empathy scores following an empathy workshop.
    KEYWORDS: Malaysia; empathy; medical students
    Study site: Jeffry Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia.
    MeSH terms: Empathy; Humans; Malaysia; Students, Medical*; Universities; Young Adult
  16. Ponnampalam LS
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Mar;21(2):1-3.
    PMID: 24876801
    Marine mammals, as top predators in the marine food web, are sentinels of changes in the oceans and public health. Pollution in the sea and overfishing of seafood resources affects these organisms just as much as it affects human beings. Medics, especially doctors, have an influential reach to patients, and are in an ideal position to get better acquainted with ongoing marine environmental issues and subsequently disseminating such information to them. While seemingly an out-of-the-box approach, it is one that can help with environmental conservation and preservation for the future of humanity.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Humans; Oceans and Seas; Public Health; Seafood; Food Chain
  17. Chai LE, Law CK, Mohamad MS, Chong CK, Choon YW, Deris S, et al.
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Mar;21(2):20-7.
    PMID: 24876803 MyJurnal
    BACKGROUND: Gene expression data often contain missing expression values. Therefore, several imputation methods have been applied to solve the missing values, which include k-nearest neighbour (kNN), local least squares (LLS), and Bayesian principal component analysis (BPCA). However, the effects of these imputation methods on the modelling of gene regulatory networks from gene expression data have rarely been investigated and analysed using a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN).

    METHODS: In the present study, we separately imputed datasets of the Escherichia coli S.O.S. DNA repair pathway and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell cycle pathway with kNN, LLS, and BPCA, and subsequently used these to generate gene regulatory networks (GRNs) using a discrete DBN. We made comparisons on the basis of previous studies in order to select the gene network with the least error.

    RESULTS: We found that BPCA and LLS performed better on larger networks (based on the S. cerevisiae dataset), whereas kNN performed better on smaller networks (based on the E. coli dataset).

    CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the performance of each imputation method is dependent on the size of the dataset, and this subsequently affects the modelling of the resultant GRNs using a DBN. In addition, on the basis of these results, a DBN has the capacity to discover potential edges, as well as display interactions, between genes.

  18. Awang M, Sulaiman AR, Munajat I, Fazliq ME
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Mar;21(2):40-3.
    PMID: 24876806 MyJurnal
    The objectives of this study were to investigate whether severity of clubfoot, age, and weight of the patients at initial manipulation and casting influence the total number of castings required.
    MeSH terms: Body Weights and Measures; Clubfoot; Humans
  19. Norsa'adah B, Salinah O
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Mar;21(2):44-53.
    PMID: 24876807 MyJurnal
    There was strong evidence from studies conducted in developed countries that second-hand smoke (SHS) exposure is detrimental to the birth weight of newborn. This study was conducted to determine the effect of exposure to SHS smoke during pregnancy on the weight of newborns.
    MeSH terms: Birth Weight; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Smoke; Tobacco; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Maternal Exposure; Developed Countries
  20. Hassan R, Siregar JA, A Rahman Mohd NA
    Malays J Med Sci, 2014 Mar;21(2):54-62.
    PMID: 24876808 MyJurnal
    Telemedicine in neurosurgery or teleneurosurgery has been widely used for transmission of clinical data and images throughout the country since its implementation in 2006. The impact is a reduction of patient number that need to be reviewed in the level III hospitals and an increment in the number of patients that are kept in level II hospitals for observation by the primary team. This translates to reduction of unnecessary transfer of patients and subsequently cost benefits for patients and medical providers. The main aim is to determine the amount of reduction in unnecessary transfer by the implementation of teleneurosurgery in the management of referrals to neurosurgical department in Hospital Sultanah Amninah Johor Bahru (HSAJB). Other factors associated with transfer decision are also evaluated.
    MeSH terms: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Hospital Departments; Hospitals; Humans; Neurosurgery; Referral and Consultation; Telemedicine; Neurosurgical Procedures
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