Browse publications by year: 2015

  1. Barber BE, William T, Grigg MJ, Parameswaran U, Piera KA, Price RN, et al.
    PLoS Pathog, 2015 Jan;11(1):e1004558.
    PMID: 25569250 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004558
    Plasmodium vivax can cause severe malaria, however its pathogenesis is poorly understood. In contrast to P. falciparum, circulating vivax parasitemia is low, with minimal apparent sequestration in endothelium-lined microvasculature, and pathogenesis thought unrelated to parasite biomass. However, the relationships between vivax disease-severity and total parasite biomass, endothelial autocrine activation and microvascular dysfunction are unknown. We measured circulating parasitemia and markers of total parasite biomass (plasma parasite lactate dehydrogenase [pLDH] and PvLDH) in adults with severe (n = 9) and non-severe (n = 53) vivax malaria, and examined relationships with disease-severity, endothelial activation, and microvascular function. Healthy controls and adults with non-severe and severe falciparum malaria were enrolled for comparison. Median peripheral parasitemia, PvLDH and pLDH were 2.4-fold, 3.7-fold and 6.9-fold higher in severe compared to non-severe vivax malaria (p = 0.02, p = 0.02 and p = 0.015, respectively), suggesting that, as in falciparum malaria, peripheral P. vivax parasitemia underestimates total parasite biomass, particularly in severe disease. P. vivax schizonts were under-represented in peripheral blood. Severe vivax malaria was associated with increased angiopoietin-2 and impaired microvascular reactivity. Peripheral vivax parasitemia correlated with endothelial activation (angiopoietin-2, von-Willebrand-Factor [VWF], E-selectin), whereas markers of total vivax biomass correlated only with systemic inflammation (IL-6, IL-10). Activity of the VWF-cleaving-protease, ADAMTS13, was deficient in proportion to endothelial activation, IL-6, thrombocytopenia and vivax disease-severity, and associated with impaired microvascular reactivity in severe disease. Impaired microvascular reactivity correlated with lactate in severe vivax malaria. Findings suggest that tissue accumulation of P. vivax may occur, with the hidden biomass greatest in severe disease and capable of mediating systemic inflammatory pathology. The lack of association between total parasite biomass and endothelial activation is consistent with accumulation in parts of the circulation devoid of endothelium. Endothelial activation, associated with circulating parasites, and systemic inflammation may contribute to pathology in vivax malaria, with microvascular dysfunction likely contributing to impaired tissue perfusion.
    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Endothelium, Vascular/immunology; Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology*; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Severity of Illness Index; Vascular Diseases/immunology; Vascular Diseases/epidemiology; Vascular Diseases/parasitology; Case-Control Studies; Parasitemia/complications*; Parasitemia/epidemiology; Parasitemia/physiopathology; Microvessels/parasitology; Microvessels/physiopathology*; Young Adult
  2. Perumal S, Mahmud R, Ramanathan S
    Nat Prod Res, 2015;29(18):1766-9.
    PMID: 25571920 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.999242
    Euphorbia hirta (L.) plant is traditionally used in Malaysia for the treatment of gastrointestinal, bronchial and respiratory ailments caused by nosocomial infectious agents. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of E. hirta and analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography have led to the isolation of two antibacterial compounds. These compounds were identified as caffeic acid (CA) and (-)-epicatechin 3-gallate (ECG) based on spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously published data. Using broth microdilution method, both ECG and CA had demonstrated significant minimum inhibitory concentration of 15.6 and 31.3 μg/mL respectively, against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Time-kill assessment of ECG and CA displayed bactericidal effect on P. aeruginosa cells.
    MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*; Caffeic Acids/isolation & purification; Caffeic Acids/pharmacology*; Catechin/analogs & derivatives*; Catechin/isolation & purification; Catechin/pharmacology; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chemical Fractionation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Plant Extracts/chemistry*; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/drug effects*; Euphorbia/chemistry*; Plant Components, Aerial/chemistry
  3. Ghafourian A, Ghafourian S, Sadeghifard N, Mohebi R, Shokoohini Y, Nezamoleslami S, et al.
    Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol, 2015 1 13;27(4):485-9.
    PMID: 25572727
    Vitiligo is an acquired cutaneous disorder of pigmentation, with an incidence of 0.5% to 2% worldwide. There are three major hypotheses for the pathogenesis of vitiligo that are not exclusive of each other: biochemical/cytotoxic, neural and autoimmune. Recent data provide strong evidence supporting an autoimmune pathogenesis of vitiligo. As vitiligo can have a major effect on quality of life, treatment can be considered and should preferably begin early when then disease is active. Current treatment modalities are directed towards stopping progression of the disease and achieving repigmentation. Therapies include corticosteroids, topical immunomodulators, photo(chemo)therapy, surgery, combination therapies and depigmentation of normally pigmented skin. It seems that traditional Chinese medicine could be more effective than the current treatment for vitligo.
    MeSH terms: Humans; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phototherapy; Vitiligo/etiology*; Vitiligo/therapy*
  4. Khor KH, Campbell FE, Owen H, Shiels IA, Mills PC
    Vet J, 2015 Feb;203(2):161-8.
    PMID: 25573453 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.018
    The histological features of feline hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have been well documented, but there are no reports describing the histological features in mild pre-clinical disease, since cats are rarely screened for the disease in the early stages before clinical signs are apparent. Histological changes at the early stage of the disease in pre-clinical cats could contribute to an improved understanding of disease aetiology or progression. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological features of HCM in the left ventricular (LV) myocardium of cats diagnosed with pre-clinical HCM. Clinically healthy cats with normal (n = 11) and pre-clinical HCM (n = 6) were identified on the basis of echocardiography; LV free wall dimensions (LVFWd) and/or interventricular septal wall (IVSd) dimensions during diastole of 6-7 mm were defined as HCM, while equivalent dimensions <5.5 mm were defined as normal. LV myocardial sections were assessed and collagen content and inflammatory cell infiltrates were quantified objectively. Multifocal areas of inflammatory cell infiltration, predominantly lymphocytes, were observed frequently in the left myocardium of cats with pre-clinical HCM. Tissue from cats with pre-clinical HCM also had a higher number of neutrophils and a greater collagen content than the myocardium of normal cats. The myocardium variably demonstrated other features characteristic of HCM, including arteriolar mural hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis and, to a lesser extent, myocardial fibre disarray and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These results suggest that an inflammatory process could contribute to increased collagen content and the myocardial fibrosis known to be associated with HCM.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/veterinary*; Cat Diseases/pathology*; Cats; Collagen/metabolism*; Echocardiography/veterinary; Female; Heart Ventricles/physiopathology*; Male
  5. Binns C, Low WY
    Asia Pac J Public Health, 2015 Jan;27(1):5-6.
    PMID: 25573842 DOI: 10.1177/1010539514565740
    MeSH terms: Humans; Terminology as Topic*; Public Health*
  6. Lal TM, Ransangan J
    Genome Announc, 2015;3(1).
    PMID: 25573936 DOI: 10.1128/genomeA.01381-14
    This paper describes the complete sequence of a novel lytic marine siphophage, VpKK5, that is specific to Vibrio parahemolyticus.
    MeSH terms: Vibrio parahaemolyticus
  7. Zafar Q, Ahmad Z, Sulaiman K
    Sensors (Basel), 2015;15(1):965-78.
    PMID: 25574936 DOI: 10.3390/s150100965
    We present a ternary blend-based bulk heterojunction ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PFO-DBT: MEH-PPV:PC71BM/LiF/Al photodetector. Enhanced optical absorption range of the active film has been achieved by blending two donor components viz. poly[2,7-(9,9-di-octyl-fluorene)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophen-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PFO-DBT) and poly(2-methoxy-5(2'-ethylhexyloxy) phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) along with an acceptor component, i.e., (6,6)-phenyl-C71 hexnoic acid methyl ester. The dependency of the generation rate of free charge carriers in the organic photodetector (OPD) on varied incident optical power density was investigated as a function of different reverse biasing voltages. The photocurrent showed significant enhancement as the intensity of light impinging on active area of OPD is increased. The ratio of Ilight to Idark of fabricated device at -3 V was ~3.5 × 10(4). The dynamic behaviour of the OPD under on/off switching irradiation revealed that sensor exhibits quick response and recovery time of ∼800 ms and 500 ms, respectively. Besides reliability and repeatability in the photoresponse characteristics, the cost-effective and eco-friendly fabrication is the added benefit of the fabricated OPD.
    MeSH terms: Cost-Benefit Analysis; Fluorenes; Polymers; Thiadiazoles; Vinyl Compounds; Reproducibility of Results
  8. Kim HJ, Lee SH, Chang BS, Lee CK, Lim TO, Hoo LP, et al.
    Spine (Phila Pa 1976), 2015 Jan 15;40(2):87-94.
    PMID: 25575085 DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000000680
    Prospective randomized controlled trial.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae/surgery*; Male; Middle Aged; Robotics*; Spinal Fusion/instrumentation*; Spinal Fusion/methods; Spinal Stenosis/surgery*; Treatment Outcome; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/instrumentation*; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures/methods; Pedicle Screws*
  9. Arockiaraj J, Chaurasia MK, Kumaresan V, Palanisamy R, Harikrishnan R, Pasupuleti M, et al.
    Fish Shellfish Immunol, 2015 Apr;43(2):364-74.
    PMID: 25575476 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.12.036
    Mannose-binding lectin (MBL), an antimicrobial protein, is an important component of innate immune system which recognizes repetitive sugar groups on the surface of bacteria and viruses leading to activation of the complement system. In this study, we reported a complete molecular characterization of cDNA encoded for MBL from freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (Mr). Two short peptides (MrMBL-N20: (20)AWNTYDYMKREHSLVKPYQG(39) and MrMBL-C16: (307)GGLFYVKHKEQQRKRF(322)) were synthesized from the MrMBL polypeptide. The purity of the MrMBL-N20 (89%) and MrMBL-C16 (93%) peptides were confirmed by MS analysis (MALDI-ToF). The purified peptides were used for further antimicrobial characterization including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay, kinetics of bactericidal efficiency and analysis of hemolytic capacity. The peptides exhibited antimicrobial activity towards all the Gram-negative bacteria taken for analysis, whereas they showed the activity towards only a few selected Gram-positive bacteria. MrMBL-C16 peptides produced the highest inhibition towards both the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria compared to the MrMBL-N20. Both peptides do not produce any inhibition against Bacillus sps. The kinetics of bactericidal efficiency showed that the peptides drastically reduced the number of surviving bacterial colonies after 24 h incubation. The results of hemolytic activity showed that both peptides produced strong activity at higher concentration. However, MrMBL-C16 peptide produced the highest activity compared to the MrMBL-N20 peptide. Overall, the results indicated that the peptides can be used as bactericidal agents. The MrMBL protein sequence was characterized using various bioinformatics tools including phylogenetic analysis and structure prediction. We also reported the MrMBL gene expression pattern upon viral and bacterial infection in M. rosenbergii gills. It could be concluded that the prawn MBL may be one of the important molecule which is involved in antimicrobial mechanism. Moreover, MrMBL derived MrMBL-N20 and MrMBL-C16 peptides are important antimicrobial peptides for the recognition and eradication of viral and bacterial pathogens.
    MeSH terms: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology*; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology*; Base Sequence; Gene Expression Regulation; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Messenger/genetics; RNA, Messenger/metabolism; Vibrio/drug effects; Vibrio/physiology; Sequence Alignment; Aeromonas hydrophila/drug effects; Aeromonas hydrophila/physiology; Gene Expression Profiling; Nodaviridae/physiology; Palaemonidae/genetics*; Palaemonidae/metabolism; Palaemonidae/microbiology; Palaemonidae/virology; Mannose-Binding Lectins/genetics*; Mannose-Binding Lectins/metabolism; Mannose-Binding Lectins/chemistry; White spot syndrome virus 1/physiology; Arthropod Proteins/genetics*; Arthropod Proteins/metabolism; Arthropod Proteins/chemistry
  10. Fathinul Fikri AS, Dharmendran R, Vikneswaran P, Nordin AJ
    Abdom Imaging, 2015 Aug;40(6):1457-64.
    PMID: 25576048 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-014-0343-2
    A study was undertaken to investigate the value of pretreatment PET-CT in predicting survival in patients with oesophageal cancer (OC).
    MeSH terms: Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology; Esophageal Neoplasms/radiography*; Esophageal Neoplasms/radionuclide imaging*; Esophagus/pathology; Esophagus/radiography; Esophagus/radionuclide imaging; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Predictive Value of Tests; Tomography, X-Ray Computed*; Reproducibility of Results; Proportional Hazards Models; Survival Analysis; Radiopharmaceuticals; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18*; Positron-Emission Tomography*; Kaplan-Meier Estimate*; Multimodal Imaging
  11. Lim PY, Huxley JN, Green MJ, Othman AR, Potterton SL, Brignell CJ, et al.
    Vet J, 2015 Feb;203(2):205-10.
    PMID: 25577022 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.11.005
    Data from 3691 dairy cows from 76 farms were used to investigate the risk factors associated with the area of hair loss over the lateral aspect of the hock and the correlation between the area of hair loss (as calculated using a hock map) and hock lesion scores determined using a pre-existing categorical scale. Six factors were associated with a greater area of hair loss, including cows with locomotion score 3, a cleanliness score (10/28 to 18/28), high daily milk yield (25.1-58.1 kg), poor body condition score (1-1.5), duration of winter housing (≥41 days) and some combinations of cubicle base and bedding materials. Compared with cows housed in cubicles with a concrete base and whole straw or rape straw bedding, cows housed in cubicles with concrete bases with sand or chopped straw bedding had smaller areas of hair loss and cows housed on a mattress base with whole straw or rape straw bedding had larger areas of hair loss. Area of hair loss, as measured on hock maps, was not significantly different between cows with score 1 (median 23.6 cm(2)) and score 2 (median 20.3 cm(2)) on the categorical scale for hock lesions. This suggests that the categorical scale was not reflecting the extent of hair loss and that hock maps are a good alternative for studying the dynamics of hock lesions over time.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/etiology; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology*; Cattle Diseases/pathology; Dairying; England/epidemiology; Female; Foot Diseases/etiology; Foot Diseases/epidemiology; Foot Diseases/pathology; Foot Diseases/veterinary*; Hair/pathology*; Hair Diseases/etiology; Hair Diseases/epidemiology; Hair Diseases/pathology; Hair Diseases/veterinary*; Housing, Animal; Risk Factors; Tarsus, Animal/pathology*
  12. Barathan M, Gopal K, Mohamed R, Ellegård R, Saeidi A, Vadivelu J, et al.
    Apoptosis, 2015 Apr;20(4):466-80.
    PMID: 25577277 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-014-1084-y
    Persistent hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection appears to trigger the onset of immune exhaustion to potentially assist viral persistence in the host, eventually leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. The role of HCV on the spontaneous expression of markers suggestive of immune exhaustion and spontaneous apoptosis in immune cells of chronic HCV (CHC) disease largely remain elusive. We investigated the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CHC patients to determine the spontaneous recruitment of cellular reactive oxygen species (cROS), immunoregulatory and exhaustion markers relative to healthy controls. Using a commercial QuantiGenePlex(®) 2.0 assay, we determined the spontaneous expression profile of 80 different pro- and anti-apoptotic genes in persistent HCV disease. Onset of spontaneous apoptosis significantly correlated with the up-regulation of cROS, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), cyclooxygenase-2/prostaglandin H synthase (COX-2/PGHS), Foxp3, Dtx1, Blimp1, Lag3 and Cd160. Besides, spontaneous differential surface protein expression suggestive of T cell inhibition viz., TRAIL, TIM-3, PD-1 and BTLA on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and CTLA-4 on CD4+ T cells was also evident. Increased up-regulation of Tnf, Tp73, Casp14, Tnfrsf11b, Bik and Birc8 was observed, whereas FasLG, Fas, Ripk2, Casp3, Dapk1, Tnfrsf21, and Cflar were moderately up-regulated in HCV-infected subjects. Our observation suggests the spontaneous onset of apoptosis signaling and T cell exhaustion in chronic HCV disease.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Female; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology*; Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism; Male; T-Lymphocytes/cytology*; T-Lymphocytes/metabolism; Signal Transduction; Hepacivirus/physiology*; Apoptosis*; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism; Hepatitis C, Chronic/genetics*; Hepatitis C, Chronic/metabolism; Hepatitis C, Chronic/physiopathology*; Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics*; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
  13. Ghani MA, Brown SE, Khan F, Wickersham JA, Lim SH, Dhaliwal SK, et al.
    Int J Drug Policy, 2015 Feb;26(2):175-82.
    PMID: 25577322 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2014.10.002
    BACKGROUND: In Malaysia, compulsory drug detention centres (CDDCs) hold suspected drug users for two years without adjudication. Acute detoxification without healthcare access has been documented. CDDCs are criticized globally due to ineffectiveness in treating addiction and human rights violations. In response, the Malaysian government began transitioning these facilities into voluntary drug treatment centres known as "Cure and Care" (C&C) centres that embrace a holistic treatment-based approach to drug addiction rehabilitation.

    METHODS: An explorative qualitative study was undertaken to explore patient perspectives and satisfaction regarding treatment and services at the new Cure and Care centre in Kota Bharu, Malaysia. A convenience sample of 20 patients was recruited to participate in semi-structured in-depth interviews. Content analysis was used to identify the salient themes.

    RESULTS: Patients identified methadone treatment, psychosocial programs, religious instruction, and recreational activities as important factors contributing to treatment success for addressing both health and addiction needs. Though many had previously been in a CDDC, adherence to treatment in the C&C centre was perceived to be facilitated by the degree of social support, the voluntary nature and the array of new programs available for selection.

    CONCLUSION: C&Cs represents a dramatic shift in the Malaysian government's approach to drug addiction. Our findings demonstrate positive patient experiences associated with the holistic treatment-based approach of these centres. This exploratory study provides additional evidence to document this ongoing policy transition and may guide continued expansion of new holistic drug treatment programs across the country.

    MeSH terms: Adolescent; Adult; Holistic Health; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Social Support; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/methods*; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers/organization & administration; Treatment Outcome; Patient Satisfaction*; Substance-Related Disorders/rehabilitation*; Drug Users/psychology*; Young Adult; Self Report
  14. Ivanova K, Zehtindjiev P, Mariaux J, Georgiev BB
    Infect Genet Evol, 2015 Apr;31:33-9.
    PMID: 25577987 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2015.01.004
    The knowledge of the diversity of haemosporidian parasites is of primary importance as their representatives include agents of bird malaria. We investigated the occurrence of Haemoproteus spp. and Plasmodium spp. in bird populations from a single locality in the State of Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia, and report on the parasite prevalence of the two genera. A combination of methods (molecular and morphological) was used for detecting these parasites. Seventy-nine bird individuals were caught using mist-nets in July and August 2010 at Gombak Field Station of the University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. In total, 23 birds were identified as positive for Haemoproteus or Plasmodium infection and one individual was recognized as carrying mixed infection. The total prevalence of haemosporidians in the collected samples was 30.3%. Infections with parasites of the genus Haemoproteus were predominant compared to those of the genus Plasmodium. In total, 10 new cyt b lineages of Haemoproteus spp. and 3 new cyt b lineages of Plasmodium spp. were recorded in this study. From all recorded haemosporidian lineages (16 in total), 3 were known from previous studies - hCOLL2, hYWT2 and pNILSUN1. Two of them are linked with their corresponding morphospecies - Haemoproteus pallidus (COLL2) and Haemoproteus motacillae (YWT2). The morphological analysis in the present study confirmed the results obtained by the PCR method relative to prevalence, with 25.3% total prevalence of Haemoproteus and Plasmodium parasites. The intensities of infection varied between 0.01% and 19%. Most infections were light, with intensities below 0.1%. The present study is the first molecular survey of the protozoan blood parasites of the order Haemosporida recorded in Malaysia.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Birds/parasitology*; Geography; Malaysia; Phylogeny; Genetic Variation*; Haemosporida/classification*; Haemosporida/genetics*; Genes, Protozoan/genetics; Cytochromes b/genetics
  15. Kesharwani P, Tekade RK, Jain NK
    Drug Discov Today, 2015 May;20(5):497-9.
    PMID: 25578746 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2014.12.015
    MeSH terms: Terminology as Topic*; Structure-Activity Relationship; Molecular Structure; Consensus; Dendrimers/classification*; Dendrimers/chemistry*
  16. Kosai NR, Gendeh HS, Norfaezan AR, Razman J, Sutton PA, Das S
    Int Surg, 2015 Jun;100(6):1148-52.
    PMID: 25578789 DOI: 10.9738/INTSURG-D-14-00205.1
    Gastric polyps are often an incidental finding on upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, with an incidence up to 5%. The majority of gastric polyps are asymptomatic, occurring secondary to inflammation. Prior reviews discussed Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-associated singular gastric polyposis; however, we present a rare and unusual case of recurrent multiple benign gastric polyposis post H pylori eradication resulting in intermittent gastric outlet obstruction. A 70-year-old independent male, Chinese in ethnicity, with a background of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and a simple renal cyst presented with a combination of melena, anemia, and intermittent vomiting of partially digested food after meals. Initial gastroscopy was positive for H pylori; thus he was treated with H pylori eradication and proton pump inhibitors. Serial gastroscopy demonstrated multiple sessile gastric antral polyps, the largest measuring 4 cm. Histopathologic examination confirmed a benign hyperplastic lesion. Computed tomography identified a pyloric mass with absent surrounding infiltration or metastasis. A distal gastrectomy was performed, whereby multiple small pyloric polyps were found, the largest prolapsing into the pyloric opening, thus explaining the intermittent nature of gastric outlet obstruction. Such polyps often develop from gastric ulcers and, if left untreated, may undergo neoplasia to form malignant cells. A distal gastrectomy was an effective choice of treatment, taking into account the polyp size, quantity, and potential for malignancy as opposed to an endoscopic approach, which may not guarantee a complete removal of safer margins and depth. Therefore, surgical excision is favorable for multiple large gastric polyps with risk of malignancy.
  17. Yakub MA, Sivalingam S, Dillon J, Matsuhama M, Latiff HA, Ramli MF
    Ann Thorac Surg, 2015 Mar;99(3):884-90; discussion 890.
    PMID: 25579160 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.09.016
    This study compares the midterm results of mitral valve repair using the biodegradable ring versus repair with non-ring annuloplasty techniques for congenital mitral valve disease in young children where it was not possible to use standard commercial rings.
    MeSH terms: Female; Heart Valve Diseases/congenital*; Heart Valve Diseases/surgery*; Heart Valve Prosthesis*; Humans; Infant; Male; Mitral Valve/surgery*; Prosthesis Design; Retrospective Studies; Absorbable Implants*; Mitral Valve Annuloplasty*
  18. Lim PY, Huxley JN, Willshire JA, Green MJ, Othman AR, Kaler J
    Prev Vet Med, 2015 Mar 1;118(4):370-7.
    PMID: 25579605 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2014.12.015
    Recent studies have reported associations between lameness and body condition score (BCS) in dairy cattle, however the impact of change in the dynamics of BCS on both lameness occurrence and recovery is currently unknown. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the effect of change in BCS on the transitions from the non-lame to lame, and lame to non-lame states. A total of 731 cows with 6889 observations from 4 UK herds were included in the study. Mobility score (MS) and body condition score (BCS) were recorded every 13-15 days from July 2010 until December 2011. A multilevel multistate discrete time event history model was built to investigate the transition of lameness over time. There were 1042 non-lame episodes and 593 lame episodes of which 50% (519/1042) of the non-lame episodes transitioned to the lame state and 81% (483/593) of the lame episodes ended with a transition to the non-lame state. Cows with a lower BCS at calving (BCS Group 1 (1.00-1.75) and Group 2 (2.00-2.25)) had a higher probability of transition from non-lame to lame and a lower probability of transition from lame to non-lame compared to cows with BCS 2.50-2.75, i.e. they were more likely to become lame and if lame, they were less likely to recover. Similarly, cows who suffered a greater decrease in BCS (compared to their BCS at calving) had a higher probability of becoming lame and a lower probability of recovering in the next 15 days. An increase in BCS from calving was associated with the converse effect, i.e. a lower probability of cows moving from the non-lame to the lame state and higher probability of transition from lame to non-lame. Days in lactation, quarters of calving and parity were associated with both lame and non-lame transitions and there was evidence of heterogeneity among cows in lameness occurrence and recovery. This study suggests loss of BCS and increase of BCS could influence the risk of becoming lame and the chance of recovery from lameness. Regular monitoring and maintenance of BCS on farms could be a key tool for reducing lameness. Further work is urgently needed in this area to allow a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms behind these relationships.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Body Constitution*; Cattle; Cattle Diseases/etiology*; Cattle Diseases/epidemiology*; Dairying; Female; Great Britain/epidemiology; Lactation/physiology; Lameness, Animal/etiology*; Lameness, Animal/epidemiology*; Longitudinal Studies; Parity; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Time; Multilevel Analysis
  19. Ardeshirzadeh B, Anaraki NA, Irani M, Rad LR, Shamshiri S
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2015 Mar;48:384-90.
    PMID: 25579938 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.039
    Polyethylene oxide (PEO)/chitosan (CS)/graphene oxide (GO) electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds were successfully developed via electrospinning process for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). The SEM analysis of nanofibrous scaffolds with different contents of GO (0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 0.7wt.%) indicated that the minimum diameter of nanofibers was found to be 85nm for PEO/CS/GO 0.5% nanofibers. The π-π stacking interaction between DOX and GO with fine pores of nanofibrous scaffolds exhibited higher drug loading (98%) and controlled release of the DOX loaded PEO/CS/GO nanofibers. The results of DOX release from nanofibrous scaffolds at pH5.3 and 7.4 indicated strong pH dependence. The hydrogen bonding interaction between GO and DOX could be unstable under acidic conditions which resulted in faster drug release rate in pH5.3. The cell viability results indicated that DOX loaded PEO/CS/GO/DOX nanofibrous scaffold could be used as an alternative source of DOX compared with free DOX to avoid the side effects of free DOX. Thus, the prepared nanofibrous scaffold offers as a novel formulation for treatment of lung cancer.
    MeSH terms: Delayed-Action Preparations; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism; Lung Neoplasms/pathology; Cell Line, Tumor; Nanocomposites/chemistry*; Nanofibers/chemistry*
  20. Fallahiarezoudar E, Ahmadipourroudposht M, Idris A, Mohd Yusof N
    Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl, 2015 Mar;48:556-65.
    PMID: 25579957 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2014.12.016
    The four heart valves represented in the mammalian hearts are responsible for maintaining unidirectional, non-hinder blood flow. The heart valve leaflets synchronically open and close approximately 4 million times a year and more than 3 billion times during the life. Valvular heart dysfunction is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality around the world. When one of the valves malfunctions, the medical choice is may be to replace the original valves with an artificial one. Currently, the mechanical and biological artificial valves are clinically used with some drawbacks. Tissue engineering heart valve concept represents a new technique to enhance the current model. In tissue engineering method, a three-dimensional scaffold is fabricated as the template for neo-tissue development. Appropriate cells are seeded to the matrix in vitro. Various approaches have been investigated either in scaffold biomaterials and fabrication techniques or cell source and cultivation methods. The available results of ongoing experiments indicate a promising future in this area (particularly in combination of bone marrow stem cells with synthetic scaffold), which can eliminate the need for lifelong anti-coagulation medication, durability and reoperation problems.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Bioprosthesis*; Heart Valve Diseases/therapy; Heart Valve Prosthesis*; Humans; Tissue Engineering/methods*; Tissue Scaffolds/chemistry*
External Links