Browse publications by year: 2017

  1. Jayaraman T, Wong MS, Mustaffa N, Lee YY
    J R Coll Physicians Edinb, 2017 12;47(4):356-358.
    PMID: 29537408 DOI: 10.4997/JRCPE.2017.411
    MeSH terms: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal*; Aspirin*; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Humans
  2. Bahari R, Mohamad Alwi MN, Ahmad MR, Mohd Saiboon I
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):2-7.
    PMID: 29527273 MyJurnal
    Introduction: Motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) are daily occurrences in Malaysia but the extent to which victims are psychologically affected is not well known. The objective of this study is to determine the incidence and demographic characteristics of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) due to MVAs at a university hospital in Malaysia.

    Methods: Patients presenting to the emergency department from August to October 2014 due to MVA-related injuries were recruited. After a period of at least one month, they were followed-up and screened using the validated Malay Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist Civilian version. A score of 30 was chosen as the cut-off point for PTSD.

    Results: In total, 112 patients presented to the emergency department following MVAs during the study period. Of these, 60.7% agreed for the follow-up. Among the respondents, the mean age was 26 years, 91.2% were males, 66.2% were married, 85.3% were Malays and 88.3% were Muslims. The calculated incidence of PTSD was 7.4%. There was no significant difference noted between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups.

    Conclusion: A considerable number of MVA victims in Malaysia may develop PTSD after the accident. Further research is needed to explore the factors that contribute or protect to develop the condition.

    MeSH terms: Accidents, Traffic; Adult; Emergency Service, Hospital; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals, University; Humans; Islam; Malaysia; Male; Marriage; Surveys and Questionnaires; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Incidence; Motor Vehicles; Checklist
  3. Wei TM, Omar MS
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):8-17.
    PMID: 29527274 MyJurnal
    Introduction: The prevalence of hypertension in Malaysia is increasing and an effective management of hypertension is important to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

    Objective: To determine the knowledge, awareness and perception towards hypertension among residents in nursing homes as well as the roles of caregivers in hypertension management.

    Methods: A face-to-face survey with 200 hypertensive residents and 30 caregivers from 24 nursing homes in Kuala Lumpur and Selangor, Malaysia was conducted.

    Results: Of all the hypertensive residents, 90.5% (n= 181) knew that lowering their blood pressure could improve their health. Most residents strongly believed that taking antihypertensive drugs is important for keeping their high blood pressure under control (n= 162, 81%). Taking medication was perceived as the most important factor in controlling the high blood pressure (58%,n= 116) compared to lifestyle or diet modification. The majority of the caregivers reported that they played a major role in managing hypertension, especially with regards to medication-taking. task (66.7%,n= 20).

    Conclusion: The knowledge, attitude and perceptions of hypertension play a relatively major role in the self-management of hypertension. The role of caregivers also needed to be recognised in managing hypertension in nursing homes.

    MeSH terms: Antihypertensive Agents; Awareness; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Diet; Humans; Hypertension; Life Style; Malaysia; Nursing Homes; Surveys and Questionnaires; Prevalence; Caregivers
  4. Lee PY, Ng CJ, Ong TA, Lee YK, Khatijah Lim A, Cheong AT, et al.
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):18-24.
    PMID: 29527275 MyJurnal
    Introduction: There are limited studies conducted on the needs of cancer survivors in developing countries like Malaysia. This qualitative study aimed at exploring the post-treatment impact and needs of prostate cancer survivors.

    Methods: A qualitative study design was used. One in-depth interview and four focus group discussions were conducted with 24 prostate cancer survivors (age range: 58-79 years) from government and private hospitals in Malaysia in 2013. Trained researchers used a topic guide to guide the interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, checked and managed with Nvivo 10 software. A thematic approach was used to analyse the data.

    Results: Three main themes emerged from the analysis: (a) impact of prostate cancer on the survivors, (b) support needed for coping and (c) information needs. Prostate cancer has an important impact on the survivors' lifestyle after treatment. Some of them have to live with the post-treatment side effects. They were anxious about the possibility of relapse. In addition to family and peer support, there were participants who felt that spiritual support was important in helping them cope with the possibility of relapse. The survivors felt that they did not receive enough information about post-treatment care, dietary measures and supplements for relapse prevention, treatment and prognosis.

    Conclusion: Prostate cancer has a significant impact on the survivor's lifestyle, emotional and physical health. They need information and emotional support from the healthcare professionals, family and peers. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to explore the needs of prostate cancer survivors and provide the necessary support.
    MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological; Aged; Developing Countries; Diet; Humans; Life Style; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Prognosis; Prostatic Neoplasms; Hospitals, Private; Focus Groups; Survivors; Qualitative Research; Secondary Prevention
  5. Rajinder S, Nik Adilah NO
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):25-27.
    PMID: 29527276 MyJurnal
    The presence of a tick in the ear is an uncommon problem encountered by the department of otorhinolaryngology. A tick infestation in the ear can be a traumatising experience for the patient. Here, we report a case of a woman who presented with left facial weakness due to the presence of a tick in the external auditory canal.
    MeSH terms: Animals; Ear Canal; Facial Paralysis; Female; Humans; Otolaryngology; Tick Infestations; Ticks
  6. Visuvanathan VV, Koh KC
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):28-29.
    PMID: 29527277 MyJurnal
  7. Sam JE, Priya S, Nasser AW
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):30-32.
    PMID: 29527278
    Introduction: Half of facial paralysis in children is idiopathic at origin. However, dismissing facial paralysis as being idiopathic without a thorough history and meticulous examination could be disastrous as illustrated by this case.

    Case report: We report a case of sphenoid wing meningioma in a 4-year-old girl. She first presented with only facial asymmetry that was noticed by her mother. Examination suggested a left upper motor neuron facial nerve palsy. A sphenoid wing meningioma was found on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of her brain. She underwent craniotomy and total tumour excision. Histopathological examination of the tumour showed a grade 1 transitional type meningioma. Meningiomas in children are rare compared to the adult population. Presentations in children may be delayed due to their inability to recognise or communicate abnormalities. Distinguishing between upper and lower motor neuron facial palsy is crucial in decision making for facial paralysis in children.
    MeSH terms: Adult; Brain; Child; Child, Preschool; Craniotomy; Decision Making; Facial Asymmetry; Facial Nerve; Facial Paralysis; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Meningeal Neoplasms; Meningioma; Mothers; Motor Neurons
  8. Qualickuz Zanan NH, Zahedi FD, Husain S
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):37-39.
    PMID: 29527280
    Background: Varicella has been known to be a harmless childhood disease. However, it has been reported that severe complications have taken place following Varicella infection, in both immunocompetent, as well as immunocompromised, individuals. Cutaneous complications of Varicella may manifest as preseptal cellulitis, albeit rarely.

    Report: We present a case of a 4-year-old boy who presented with symptoms and signs of preseptal cellulitis following Varicella infection. He was referred to the otorhinolaryngology team for a nasoendoscopy to rule out sinusitis, in view of the fear that a child presenting with a swollen red eye may be a case of true orbital cellulitis. He was treated successfully with intravenous antibiotics and surgical drainage of the preseptal collection.

    Conclusion: It is imperative for clinicians to be aware that a simple Varicella infection may lead to cutaneous complications in the pediatric age group, especially in children who are 4 years and younger. They may develop preseptal cellulitis, whose presentation might mimic that of orbital cellulitis. Empirical treatment with antibiotics would be advantageous for the patient. A nasoendoscopic examination may also be warranted in these cases to rule out sinusitis as a cause of orbital cellulitis.
    MeSH terms: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Blepharitis; Chickenpox; Child; Child, Preschool; Drainage; Eye Diseases; Fear; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Otolaryngology; Sinusitis; Orbital Cellulitis
  9. Chow SY, Draman N, Teh WM, Azhany Y
    Malays Fam Physician, 2017;12(3):42-46.
    PMID: 29527282 MyJurnal
    Visual loss is a common presenting complaint in primary care. We present a case of recurrent transient visual loss in a middle aged woman. Her funduscopy showed bilateral optic disc swelling. We have highlighted the differentiation of bilateral optic disc swelling at the primary care level as the management differs according to the diagnosis.
    MeSH terms: Blindness; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ophthalmoscopy; Papilledema; Primary Health Care; Vision Disorders
  10. Muhammad Hanihazaim Abd Halim, Mahanijah Md Kamal
    MyJurnal
    In this work, two types of controller were designed for the nonlinear air blower system PT326 used at
    the Instrumentation Laboratory Faculty Electrical Engineering, UiTM, Shah Alam. This work began with
    collection of data from the experimental work. Once the S-shape of the system response was obtained,
    the procedure of getting the process dead time, τD and time constant τC was applied to the S-shape form.
    By determining these two values, the optimum values of PI and PID controllers can be calculated. From
    the acquired data, the simulation model was developed in MATLAB/Simulink R2013a software using
    the transfer function obtained from the open-loop control system. The modelling system is based on
    the transfer function of open-loop air blower system PT326 before the design state of finding a suitable
    controller can be suggested. The controller design of PI and PID was obtained using the first method
    Ziegler-Nichols tuning rules. The result from the simulation shows that the Ziegler-Nichols first tuning
    rules can be applied in designing the PI and PID controller based on S-shape response obtained in
    open-loop test.
  11. Mohammad Safwan Mohamed Alias, Ya’akob Yusof, Nurul Muthmainnah Mohd Noor
    MyJurnal
    Applying an intelligent system means the machine is capable of making its own unique decision.
    Fuzzy logic is a form of logic that acknowledges other forms of true and false values. With fuzzy logic,
    propositions may be diagrammatic with degrees of truthfulness and falsehood. The main aims of this
    study are to demonstrate the method to apply fuzzy logic in a structure that uses Arduino as its brain,
    and apply it in a line follower mobile robot’s decision making algorithm. This mobile robot consists of
    two front wheels and a nub caster at the back. It uses a line follower array that consists of eight infrared
    (IR) sensors. The system control is based on the input from IR sensors, which measures the intensity
    of light reflected by the track. Data were then transmitted to the microcontroller and will then be sent
    the correct command to the motor driver so that the trail can be followed. The performance of the line
    follower robot when using the fuzzy logic algorithm was compared to the line follower algorithm, which
    uses simple if-else commands. Analysis is primarily on the time taken to complete the track, along
    with the behaviour of the robot while manoeuvring. From the results, fuzzy logic is shown to provide a
    better performance in terms of the time taken to complete the track compared to the other set of rules. In
    addition, from the video recordings, fuzzys are moving smoother as compared to the non-fuzzy logics.
  12. Tan Lee CY, Ngatirin NR, Zainol Z
    MyJurnal
    Personality represents the mixture of features and qualities that built an individual’s distinctive characters including thinking, feeling and behaving. Traditionally, self-assessment method via questionnaire is the most common means to identify personality. Since recommender systems and advertisement
    campaigns have evolved rapidly, personality computing has become a popular research field to provide personalisation to users. Currently, researchers have utilised social media data for automatically predicting personality. However, it is complex to mine the social media data as they are noisy, free-format, and
    of varying length and multimedia. This paper proposes a decision tree C4.5 algorithm to automatically predict personality based on Big Five model. The Big Five Inventory and ZeroR algorithm were included to be served as the baseline for performance evaluation. Experimental evaluation demonstrated that C4.5
    performs better than ZeroR in terms of accuracy.
    Keywords: Big Five, decision tree, personality, social media
    MeSH terms: Decision Trees; Personality; Social Media
  13. Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Muhammad Hafeez Abdul Nasir
    MyJurnal
    The aim of this paper is to interrogate the principle of heat gain by the Overall Thermal Transfer Value
    (OTTV) through residential building facades. This study proposes three façade configurations as case
    studies to determine their capability of achieving the OTTV set by the current residential standards.
    Utilising the OTTV formula provided by the Malaysian Standards, the OTTV of each case study was
    calculated using parameters including Window-to-Wall Ratio (WWR), Shading Coefficient (SC), U-values
    and solar absorption (α). Results showed that each of the façade generated OTTV exceeding the regulation
    of 50 Wm-2. The study uncovered the increase in WWR leading to the increase in OTTV. The OTTV
    increased alongside window areas due primarily to the high amount of heat gained through windows,
    a constituent component of OTTV. Simultaneously, high Shading Coefficient (SC) and U-values were
    found to cause the high amount of solar heat gained through windows. The result underpins the impacts
    of high solar heat gain particularly from windows of a building envelope on OTTV. Recommendations
    for improvement of OTTV of the residential façades are also discussed..
  14. Nur Amirah Mohd Nor, Zanariah Mohd, Hairil Rashmizal Abdul Razak, Zolkapli Eshak, Wan Mazlina Md Saad
    MyJurnal
    Bismuth oxide nanoparticles (Bi2O3 NPs) have gained a spot in the development of novel molecular
    probes for in vivo biomedical imaging. It exists in six polymorphic forms and each of them exerts with
    different stabilities according to its synthetisation temperature. The aim of this preliminary study is to
    determine effect of different synthetiation temperatures on cellular viability in vitro. One hundred µg/ml
    Bi2O3 NPs synthesised at 60, 90 and 120°C were characterised using scanning electron microscope (SEM)
    and their cytotoxicity was evaluated using cell viability assay (MTT assay) upon 24 hours exposure to
    Chang liver cells. Images captured by SEM showed an average diameter of 300 nm monoclinic-shaped
    with high crystalline formation of all three Bi2O3 NPs. MTT assay revealed increase in liver cell viability
    as the synthetisation temperature of Bi2O3 NPs increase. The outcomes suggested that synthetisation
    temperature of Bi2O3 NPs plays a role in cellular viability, hence predictive to the biocompatibility of
    these nanoparticles to be applied as in vivo radiographic contrast medium.
  15. Norliza Othman, Uzer Mohd Noor, Sukreen Hana Herman
    MyJurnal
    In this work, sensors were prepared by depositing the pH sensitive indicator (bromothymol blue)
    entrapped in polyaniline sol-gel onto the un-cladded middle potion of optical fiber. Polyaniline is sensitive
    to pH. However, it is important to study ways to increase sensitivity of the indicator by improving a
    combination of the materials used and pH sensor fabrication method. The fabrication and characterisation
    of optical fiber pH sensor on absorption intensity in arbitrary unit (a.u) were evaluated and optimised.
    The better sensitivity of the optical pH sensor was used to identify the optimum setting for number of
    layers deposited, coated length, and withdrawal rate. Thickness of the membrane film depends on the
    number of deposited layers and withdrawal speed which mainly affects sensitivity. The sensitivity of
    the optical pH sensor represents the slope (a.u/pH) of the absorbance intensities in pH 4, 5, 7, 9 and 10.
    Results obtained herein suggest that the optimised setting for bromothymol blue sol-gel coated optical
    fiber with thickness of 285.4 nm is 4 deposited layers, 20mm/s withdrawal rate and 0.5 cm coated length.
  16. Mohd Asri IA, Abd Rani NA, Dzulkifli Z, Muhamad Jamil MI, Ahmad Saman MS, Yasin SM
    MyJurnal
    Tobacco use is one of the largest causes of preventable diseases across the world. It is interesting to note that second-hand smoke exposure is a major public health problem in Malaysia. The objectives of this study are first, to explore the perspectives of pregnant mothers whose partners are smokers, and second, to explore barriers and facilitators to creating a smoke-free environment in their home. This study uses a qualitative method in analysing the experiences of 15 pregnant mothers taken from a specialist healthcare centre in Sungai Buloh, Malaysia. It discusses the perspectives of these pregnant mothers towards their partners’ smoking habits, as well as the barriers and facilitators in creating a smoke-free home. From the interviews, it became apparent that pregnant mothers despised their partners’ smoking habits due to smoke odour, lack of money, and poor health. The barriers in creating a smoke-free home include the attitude of the smoking spouse, difficulty in weaning off the habit, excessive encouragement by a spouse, difficultly in advising a smoking spouse, influences from friends, and wrong perceptions. Meanwhile, the facilitators towards creating a smoke-free home are illnesses developed through smoking, multiple reminders from family members, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) were perceived to work on certain smokers and habitual cues in quitting smoking. The transition process towards making homes smoke-free is complex and individualistic; healthcare professionals may need to tailor strategies to take into account the specific contexts of each individual. More education programmes on the impacts of smoking and second-hand smoke exposures to family members and smoking cessation are needed for both pregnant mothers and their smoking partners.
    Study site: Gynaecology Clinic, public teaching hospital, Malaysia
    MeSH terms: Adult; Female; Hospitals; Humans; Malaysia; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Tobacco Smoke Pollution*; Women; Qualitative Research
  17. Lau SF, Wong JY, Khor KH, Roslan MA, Abdul Rahman MS, Bejo SK, et al.
    Top Companion Anim Med, 2017 Dec;32(4):121-125.
    PMID: 29525230 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2017.12.001
    Working dogs are canine animals that have been trained to assist human beings in carrying out various tasks. They help in guarding property, performing rescues, assisting the visually impaired or physically handicapped, searching for drugs, explosives, and others. Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonotic diseases in the world and a commonly occurring disease of the tropics and subtropics. In Malaysia, all working dogs are normally vaccinated with serovars, Pomona, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, and Grippotyphosa based on protocols recommended from other countries. The duration of immunity in vaccinated dogs for Leptospira can last up to 13 months; however, there is no full crossprotection between the different serovars. Five representative canine units from different government agencies in Malaysia (n = 96 dogs) were recruited in this study. For detection, the microscopic agglutination test was performed by incubating the serum from dogs with various serovars of leptospires, namely, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Canicola, Pomona, Grippotyphosa, Australis, Bataviae, Javanica, Tarassovi, Hebdomadis, Lai, and Pyrogenes. The plasma obtained was used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, for the detection of 16S rRNA, and lipL 32 genes of Leptospira. Out of the 96 dogs sampled, only 3 dogs were positive toward serovars, Australis, Bataviae, and Javanica, based on the cutoff point at 1:80. The seroprevalence of canine leptospirosis in this population was 3.1% (n = 3/96). However, all 96 blood samples of working dogs tested negative for both pathogenic and nonpathogenic Leptospira genes. The results revealed that, by vaccination alone, working dogs were not fully protected against leptospirosis and could pose a risk to dog handlers. A preventative and control protocol for leptospirosis is warranted, and its implementation should be monitored and improved accordingly from time to time, in order to maintain a healthy condition in both working dogs and their handlers.
    MeSH terms: Agglutination Tests/veterinary; Animals; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dog Diseases/epidemiology*; Dog Diseases/prevention & control; Dogs; Leptospira/classification; Leptospira/immunology; Leptospirosis/epidemiology; Leptospirosis/prevention & control; Leptospirosis/veterinary*; Malaysia/epidemiology; Vaccination/veterinary; Prevalence; Seroepidemiologic Studies
  18. Lim SK, Othman R, Yusof R, Heh CH
    Curr Comput Aided Drug Des, 2017;13(2):160-169.
    PMID: 27903217 DOI: 10.2174/1573409912666161130122622
    BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C is a significant cause for end-stage liver diseases and liver transplantation which affects approximately 3% of the global populations. Despite the current several direct antiviral agents in the treatment of Hepatitis C, the standard treatment for HCV infection is accompanied by several drawbacks, such as adverse side effects, high pricing of medications and the rapid emerging rate of resistant HCV variants.

    OBJECTIVES: To discover potential inhibitors for HCV helicase through an optimized in silico approach.

    METHODS: In this study, a homology model (HCV Genotype 3 helicase) was used as the target and screened through a benzopyran-based virtual library. Multiple-seedings of AutoDock Vina and in situ minimization were to account for the non-deterministic nature of AutoDock Vina search algorithm and binding site flexibility, respectively. ADME/T and interaction analyses were also done on the top hits via FAFDRUG3 web server and Discovery Studio 4.5.

    RESULTS: This study involved the development of an improved flow for virtual screening via implemention of multiple-seeding screening approach and in situ minimization. With the new docking protocol, the redocked standards have shown better RMSD value in reference to their native conformations. Ten benzopyran-like compounds with satisfactory physicochemical properties were discovered to be potential inhibitors of HCV helicase. ZINC38649350 was identified as the most potential inhibitor.

    CONCLUSION: Ten potential HCV helicase inhibitors were discovered via a new docking optimization protocol with better docking accuracy. These findings could contribute to the discovery of novel HCV antivirals and serve as an alternative approach of in silico rational drug discovery.

  19. Elexson, N., Nik Yuhanis, F.N., Malcolm, T.T.H., New, C.Y., Chang, W.S., Ubong, A., et al.
    Food Research, 2017;1(1):29-32.
    MyJurnal
    Irrespective of its health effects, street foods are very popular with the consumers. The main
    purpose of this research was to study the biosafety of Escherichia coli in popiah, a Malaysian
    street food sold at a roadside food stall and a restaurant in Sri Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia,
    using the combination of the most probable number (MPN)-Polymerase Chain Reaction
    (PCR) assay-plating on Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar methods. Using these biomolecular
    methods, E. coli was detected in 12/15 (80%) and 11/15 (73%) of the collected samples from
    the roadside food stall and the restaurant respectively. The incidence of stx virulence-associated
    genes was detected in 1/15 (7%) among the E. coli isolated from samples taken from the
    roadside food stall while the E. coli isolated from the restaurant was 3/15 (20%). The density
    of E. coli ranged from 1100 MPN/g and the density of E. coli positive with stx genes
    was
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