METHODS: Patients received paliperidone palmitate 1-monthly (PP1M, 100/150 mg eq.) or paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly (PP3M, 350/525 mg eq.) during the maintenance phase and entered a 12-month double-blind (DB) phase, wherein they were randomized (2:1) to PP6M (700/1000 mg. eq.) or PP3M (350/525 mg eq.). Subgroup analysis was performed for 90 (12.7%) patients from Asia region (India, Taiwan, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Korea). Primary endpoint was time-to-relapse during DB phase (Kaplan-Meier estimates). Secondary endpoints were changes from baseline in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale, Personal and Social Performance (PSP) scale score.
RESULTS: In Asian subgroup, 91.9% (82/90) of patients completed DB phase (PP6M: 54/62 [87%]; PP3M: 28/28 [100%]). Median time-to-relapse was "not-estimable" due to low relapse rates in both groups. Estimated difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) between relapse-free patients in PP6M and PP3M groups of Asian subgroup was -0.1% [-8.5%, 8.4%] (global study population: -2.9% [-6.8%, 1.1%]). Mean change from baseline in secondary efficacy parameters was comparable between both groups, similar to the global study population. The incidence of extrapyramidal symptoms was higher in the Asian subgroup than in the global study population.
CONCLUSION: Consistent with the global study population, PP6M was noninferior to PP3M in preventing relapse in patients with schizophrenia from the Asia region. Findings suggest the possibility of switching from PP1M/PP3M to twice-yearly PP6M without loss of efficacy and with no unexpected safety concerns.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 deciduous teeth subjected to extraction were employed in this in vitro research. These 60 specimens were randomly divided into two groups: Group I: Stainless steel crowns and Group II: Pedo Jacket crowns. Both crowns were subjected to cementation using self-cure resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) cement as well as by means of self-adhesive universal resin cement (RelyX luting cement). The specimens were subjected to storage in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h and were subjected to 500 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C using a dwell span of 30 s. Individual surfaces were assessed for the amount of dye infiltration at the boundaries by the side of the tooth-cement border beneath a stereomicroscope under 50× magnifying power. At the mesial and distal surfaces, the amount of microleakage was measured in micrometers (μm), and the mean value was computed for each sample.
RESULTS: Stainless steel crowns subject to cementation with RelyX luting cement exhibited the lowest microleakage (0.88 ± 0.78) versus self-cure RMGI cement (0.94 ± 0.78). There was no statistically significant difference found between the groups. Pedo Jacket crowns subject to cementation with RelyX luting cement exhibited the lowest microleakage (0.96. ± 0.32) while self-cure RMGI cement (1.83 ± 0.16) depicted the maximum microleakage. There was an extremely statistically noteworthy dissimilarity noted among the groups.
CONCLUSION: The current research concluded that Pedo Jacket crowns subjected to cementation with RelyX luting cement can be regarded as an esthetically pleasing restorative alternative for numerous young patients. Applying RelyX luting cement to Pedo Jacket crowns provides a strong bolstering by composite materials that ensures the success of the therapy provided.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hospital records were retrospectively evaluated from 2000 to 2010 for a decade. The demographics as well as the survival and the failure rates noted and compared for the various types of the restorations. The number of the walls of the teeth was also compared.
RESULTS: Thousand teeth were considered in the study. Less than 7% of teeth had coronal fractures. Of the 93% teeth that had survived, the most common restoration was Individual post (+ crown) followed by GIC, amalgams, and crowns. The mean survival of the crown+ bridge & gold restoration was highest. The mean survival was 10 ± 2 years for the restored teeth without any fractures at the coronal level. The failure was greatest for the GIC followed by amalgam, and the variations when compared with other restorations were significant. There was no significant difference for the number of the walls on the crown; however, the number of walls present was proportional to the survival rate.
CONCLUSION: The teeth that were covered with a crown were comparatively fracture resistant and had a better survival rate compared to other restorations. GIC showed highest fracture, and the post core with crown had the best survival. Restoration of the lost crown architecture and the reinforcement are the best methods that can be followed for the survivals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five premolars devoid of dental caries that were subjected to extraction for orthodontic purposes were employed in this research. The surface of enamel was etched with 37% phosphoric acid and subjected to primer application. Individual brackets were placed on the midregion of the buccal surfaces of the premolars with Transbond™ XT adhesive. Postbracket bonding, the dry premolar tooth samples were set aside cautiously. The samples were then allocated to three groups: Group I: Duraphat Varnish, Group II: Clinpro XT Varnish, and Group III: Profluorid Varnish. Every sample was independently subjected to immersion in demineralizing solution for a period of 96 h at 37°C in an incubator. Areas of demineralization were evaluated by documenting the microhardness along the severed surface using a microhardness tester equipped with a Vickers diamond.
RESULTS: The highest surface microhardness was noted with Profluorid Varnish group at 328.48 ± 1.12 in pursuit by Clinpro XT Varnish group at 322.08 ± 0.04 as well as Duraphat Varnish group at 307.42 ± 0.28 with a statistically noteworthy dissimilarity amid the groups.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the three varnishes employed had an influence on the prevention of enamel demineralization surrounding the orthodontic brackets. Profluorid varnish however exhibited maximum efficiency in avoiding enamel demineralization versus Clinpro XT varnish as well as Duraphat varnish group.
MATERIALS AND PROCEDURES: Forty missing teeth were replaced with implants in matched subjects. Parameters assessed were "distance of cement enamel junction to alveolar crest and distance of CEJ to gingival margin; bleeding on probing, Sulcus probing depth, and peri-implant marginal bone loss." Subjects were randomly assigned for the two groups of intervention. All the measurements were documented at designated timelines and compared for the statistical variance where P < 0.05 was considered as significant.
RESULTS: In the control and test groups, the peri-implant marginal bone level rose from baseline to 3 months. There were no appreciable differences between the CEJ-AC and CEJ-GM groups when the clinical and radiographic parameters of each group were evaluated. Throughout all of the time points, the soft tissue borders in both groups remained comparably steady.
CONCLUSION: The study's findings suggest that using implants with definite abutments is more advantageous for obtaining better maintenance in terms of the health of the tissues that surround the implants.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the current in vitro study, 60 volunteers donated each 10 ml of their blood and hence a total volume of 600 ml of blood was procured that was analyzed for the current study. The total volume was grouped to three groups where they receive three resistance centrifugation forces of "F-200,600,800 m/s²." In each group, 20 samples were tested for each level of the G-resistance. Each group was further divided as two subgroups of different times of wait, where they were centrifuged at baseline time and after a stand of 30 minutes. On universal testing equipment, the PRF membranes were mechanically tensioned in order to determine each membrane's resistance force. These values were compared for any statistical variance using appropriate statistical tools keeping P < 0.05.
RESULTS: Any applied force had no statistically significant effect on the centrifugation duration for membrane resistance. When the resistance was applied for the PRP samples immediately after they were procured, no significant variation was seen at all the grades of the centrifugation forces; consequently, the T30 group showed a statistically significant variance for the centrifugation forces applied (P = 0.04), with the highest value when the greatest force was applied. According to the results, the centrifugation waiting period could be determined based on the application requirement.
CONCLUSION: For immediate membrane usage, the centrifugation had no effect on resistance; however, after 30 minutes, a membrane with greater resistance was produced by applying more force.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty mandibular premolar teeth having a single root and root canal that were recently extracted were gathered and stored. The specimens were de-coronated at the cementoenamel junction under water irrigation to achieve a homogeneous root length of 16 millimeters. Gutta-percha cones were coated with sealants and placed within the radicular canal till the WL. All sixty premolars were randomly assigned to one of the following three groups, with every group comprising 20 sample teeth each. Group 1: MTwo Retreatment files, Group 2: ProTaper Universal Retreatment files, Group 3: Edge File XR Retreatment rotary files. The quantity of root dentinal injury was estimated by deducting the dentin volume (mm3) in the pre- and post-therapy micro-CT scans at apical, middle, and cervical 3rd points.
RESULTS: An intra-group comparative scrutiny showed that lower radicular dentinal injury was noted at apical 3rd (0.31 ± 0.16, 0.62 ± 0.02) in Edge File XR Retreatment file system and MTwo Retreatment file system in that order. The statistically significant disparity was seen amid the MTwo Retreatment file, Edge File XR Retreatment file system and ProTaper Universal Retreatment file, Edge File XR Retreatment file system with P value of 0.001on intergroup assessment.
CONCLUSION: In spite of the limitations that this research had, it was inferred that each assessed file system proficiently eradicated the obturated material through the retreatment procedure performed. In addition, it was seen that the Edge File XR group showed lesser root dentin damage in contrast to MTwo and ProTaper Universal file systems.
METHODS: This secondary dataset analysis used data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2018. Data from 3914 participants were collected on elderly health in the Malaysian population. Sociodemographic characteristics were recorded. Smoking status was grouped as current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers. A validated Malay language version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (M-GDS-14) was used to screen for depression among the elderly.
RESULTS: There was a significant association between smoking status with location, gender, employment status, marital status, ethnicity, education level, income, and depression. Current smokers are significantly higher in rural than urban areas. Among depressed participants, 65.7%, 17.1% and 17.2% were non-smokers, former smokers and current smokers, respectively. Multiple logistic regression showed that single (unmarried/separated/ divorced/widowed) participants were more likely to be depressed compared to married participants (AOR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.16-2.43). Whilst unemployed participants were more likely to be depressed than those who were employed (AOR=1.72; 95% CI: 1.22-2.44). Other Bumiputras were more likely to have depression compared to Malay, Chinese and Indian participants. Participants without formal education were more likely to be depressed compared to those having tertiary education. These participants have a 2-fold increased risk of depression (AOR=2.13; 95% CI: 1.02-4.45). Participants whose monthly salaries were <2000 MYR (AOR=3.67; 95% CI: 1.84-7.31) and 1000-1999 MYR (AOR=2.71; 95% CI: 1.23-5.94) were more likely to have depression compared with those who had received ≥3000 MYR. Ever smokers were more likely to be depressed than non-smokers (AOR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.23-2.29).
CONCLUSIONS: Elderly Malaysians are indeed at risk of developing depression particularly if they had ever smoked. Public health awareness and campaigning are pertinent to disseminate these outcomes in order to spread the awareness associated with smoking-related depression.
METHODS: CEDV scale was translated from the original English version to Malay. Content and face validity were examined before field-testing. The study comprised a cross sectional study using the Malay version of the CEDV (CEDV-M) scale conducted at a secondary school in Perlis, Malaysia and investigated 235 children aged 13 years old-16 years old using an online platform. The construct validity, internal consistency and stability of the tool were assessed.
RESULTS: The CEDV-M scale's content and face validity both yielded a value exceeding 0.80. Furthermore, the tool demonstrated has good stability reliability, using the intra-class correlation value for all items ranging from 0.659 to 1.00. The exploratory factor analysis of the 36 items of the CEDV scale revealed possibilities of five or six factor domains. However, the five factor domains were most conceptually equivalent. Consequently, this study found that the CEDV-M scale is reliable with a total Cronbach's alpha of 0.87.
CONCLUSION: CEDV-M scale is a valid and reliable tool for measuring a child's experience of domestic violence. Future studies recommend confirmatory factor analysis and standard settings for scoring systems.
METHODS: One hundred and ninety medical doctors and nurses, who were registered with the Saudi Commission for Health Specialities, were selected to participate in this cross-sectional study using a simple sampling technique. Their KAP of hand hygiene was assessed using a self-structured questionnaire and the collected data was analysed using IBM® SPSS® version 26.0.
RESULTS: Of the 190 healthcare workers, 74.7% were nurses and 25.3% were medical doctors. Among the participants, 53.7% (102) had good knowledge of hand hygiene, 51.6% (98) had positive attitudes towards hand hygiene and 55.8% (106) practised satisfactory hand hygiene. Bachelor education level (adjusted OR = 2.736; 95% CI = 1.101, 6.799; P = 0.030), postgraduate education level (adjusted OR = 6.256; 95% CI = 2.171, 18.028; P = 0.001), poor knowledge (adjusted OR =2.575; 95% CI = 1.263, 5.246; P = 0.009) and negative attitude (adjusted OR = 4.702; 95% CI = 1.263, 5.246; P < 0.001) were the significant predictor variables of unsatisfactory hand hygiene practice among healthcare workers.
CONCLUSION: The performance of hand hygiene among healthcare workers is still far less than optimal, particularly in settings like oncology units. Effective programmes are needed to increase their awareness of hand hygiene KAP, while strict guidelines are needed to reduce nosocomial infections.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 26 April 2021 to 9 May 2021 (17 weeks). All health personnel from various departments managing patients with acute stroke in our centre were invited to participate. An online questionnaire was disseminated to assess their knowledge, attitude, perception, and current practices concerning delirium. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association between the independent and dependent variables. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05.
RESULTS: The response rate was 22.49% (47 of 209 participants). More than half (61.7%, n = 29) had good current practices towards delirium in acute stroke patients. A significant association was found between knowledge and current practices related to delirium (P = 0.024). However, there was no significant association between current practices and sociodemographic factors (age, ethnicity, gender and job position), attitude, perceptions, screening barriers, or health service organisation.
CONCLUSION: Most respondents had good current practices and knowledge in managing post-stroke delirium. Therefore, upskilling health personnel for managing this illness is essential to ensure good post-stroke care and improve prognosis related to delirium.
METHODS: A total of 166 non-duplicate ICU samples (80 environmental and 86 clinical) were collected between January 2019 and January 2020. Antimicrobial susceptibility detection was determined using the disc diffusion method, and the strains were evaluated for the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of imipenem (IMP) using broth microdilution or metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) detection according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. The isolates' capacity to produce biofilms was evaluated using the tube method and the crystal violet microtitre plate-based method.
RESULTS: A. baumannii was identified in 25 (31.25%) environmental and 30 (34.88%) clinical samples, and beds were the most infected (60%). Both types of isolate demonstrated a rate surpassing 80% resistance to the tested antibiotics. Phenotypically, the environmental and clinical strains were found to be MBL producers. Fourteen environmental (56%) and 15 clinical (50%) strains were found to be moderate biofilm producers, indicating that each isolate has a high biofilm-forming capacity.
CONCLUSION: These results show that the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) A. baumannii in an ICU setting emphasises the necessity of disinfecting and cleaning medical devices and surfaces to prevent and restrict cross-transmission. Intensive surveillance and infection control methods are also of paramount importance.